Global strategists emphasize leveraging capabilities developed in domestic markets when expanding into international markets, a strategy reflected in the entry of Korean startups into the Chinese market. Value appropriation refers to a company's ability to claim its share of the value created in a target market, with value appropriation factors being critical elements required for this process. Despite these strategies, many foreign companies fail to achieve expected performance in China, often attributed to their inability to secure the necessary value appropriation factors. Researchers posit that business guanxi can play a pivotal role in facilitating the acquisition of these factors in the Chinese market. This study examines the relationship between the network capabilities of global startups and value appropriation factors during the overseas expansion stage. It also explores the moderating effect of business guanxi through empirical research. The data was collected via surveys from Korean global startups targeting business operations in China. The results indicate that sub-components of network capability, specifically networking capability and international market resource securing capability, are significantly associated with the acquisition of value appropriation factors. Furthermore, business guanxi was found to positively moderate the relationship between networking capability and securing value appropriation factors. These findings suggest that Korean global startups should prioritize developing strong network capabilities and fostering business guanxi to enhance their ability to secure value appropriation factors during the overseas expansion stage. Chinese companies do not have deep trust in Korean startups. Therefore, startups should build a business guanxi based on emotional trust from the beginning of early entry. This effort will extend beyond the trust of startup products and services to corporate trust.

본 연구는 서면 인터뷰 방법을 통해 아버지의 자녀와의 프로그램 참여 경험을 조사하고, 그 경험의 의미와 효과에 대한 아버지의 생각을 탐색하 였다. 또한 앞으로 아버지가 자녀와 함께 참여를 희망하는 프로그램 1순위 가 무엇인지 조사하고, 그러한 프로그램의 개발 및 활성화를 위해 필요한 지원 방안이 무엇일지 탐색하였다. 연구대상자는 첫째(또는 외동) 자녀와 함께 프로그램 참여 경험이 있는 아버지들 21명을 의도적 표집 방법으로 선정하였고, 자녀의 연령대별(아동기, 청소년기, 초기 성인기)로 각각 7명 씩 균등하게 표본을 구성하였다. 연구를 위해 서면 인터뷰 방법을 활용하 였다. 연구 결과, 아버지가 자녀와 함께 참여하였던 프로그램의 유형은 크 게 4개로 분류되었으며, ‘부모 참여’, ‘운동 관련’, ‘체험활동’, ‘홍보활동’ 중심으로 나타났다. 프로그램 참여에 대한 아버지의 의미 부여는 ‘긍정적 인 차원’과 ‘부정적인 차원’의 양극단으로 나뉘었으며, 프로그램 참여로 인 한 효과는 ‘긍정적’, ‘변화 없음’, ‘부정적’의 범주로 결과가 제시되었다. 아버지가 자녀와 함께 참여하기를 희망하는 프로그램에 대한 선호도는 ‘활 동중심’ 프로그램이 ‘상담중심’ 프로그램보다 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연 구 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 가족, 사회, 프로그램 차원에서 아버지-자 녀 프로그램의 개발 및 활성화를 위해 필요한 지원 방안을 제안하였다.

This study investigates the role of Junam Reservoir and its surrounding paddy fields as a habitat for migratory birds by considering how different scenarios of habitat loss may affect their populations. It will focus on wintering Anatidae species and take advantage of the population data available for Junam Reservoir and adjacent agricultural fields to analyze habitat-use and dependency patterns. A Bayesian regression model was fitted to estimate the relative dependency at each reservoir and paddy field for each bird species. Network analysis was used to assess the interaction structure and connectivity between habitats and bird species. Furthermore, habitat loss scenarios were simulated in order to predict the outcome of reservoir-paddy field loss on the populations of birds. Among these species, the reservoir loss was much more critical for those highly dependent on reservoirs, such as bean goose, Anser fabalis, and Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus, but the loss of paddy fields became much more vital for those with higher dependence on paddy fields, such as Baikal teal, Anas formosa. Species that depended on both types of habitats, such as the white-naped crane (Antigone vipio) and the hooded crane (Grus monacha), had additive impacts and suffered the most significant population decline when both reservoirs and paddy fields were lost simultaneously. Network analysis demonstrated that both reservoirs and paddy played equally critical roles in the central nodes of the migratory bird species habitat network and acted as important connectors along migration routes. It is exemplary of the need to develop landscape-level means of maintaining migratory birds and ecosystem stability through the incorporation of ecological connectivity between paddy fields and reservoirs and vice-versa. This stresses integrated management relevant for the entire habitat network rather than single-site focused management, a call for multifaceted conservation efforts, securing of alternative habitats, and restoration of degraded habitats.

본 연구 목적은 먼저, 학습자 수업참여(인지, 정서, 행동)와 수업만족도 의 인과관계에 대해 살펴보고, 둘째는 다차원 학습자 수업참여와 수업만 족도 간의 관계에 있어 학습자 수업참여의 어떤 하위변수들이 팀 학습활 동의 매개효과와 관련이 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 셋째는 다차원 학습자 수업참여가 팀 학습활동에 미치는 영향에 있어 팀 내 상호작용에 의해 어떻게 조절되는지에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위해 K대학 응용화학 과 학생을 대상으로 98개의 설문을 통하여 빈도분석, 각 변수들의 척도 와 신뢰도 분석 그리고 각 변수들의 타당성을 검증하기 위한 요인 분석 과 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 각 변수별 영향력을 알아보기 위한 가설 검증은 위계적 회귀분석(hierarchical regression analysis)으로 하였 다. 연구결과는 첫째, 행동적 수업참여는 수업만족도에 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 팀 학습활동은 행동적 수업참여와 수업만족도 간의 관계에서 부분 매개를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 팀 내 상호작용은 인지와 정 서적 수업참여와 팀 학습활동 간의 관계에 대해 조절효과를 보였다. 이 연구결과는 플립러닝 환경에서 높은 수준의 팀 내 상호작용이 이루어진 다면 학습자 수업참여가 팀 학습활동에 미치는 긍정적인 영향이 더 커진 다는 것을 시사한다.

본 연구는 2022년 개정된 문화예술진흥법을 중심으로, 한국의 대중문화 속 서브컬처와 주류 문화의 상호작용에 대해 탐구하였다. 개정된 법은 게임과 애니메이션 등 디지털 콘텐츠를 공식 적으로 문화예술로 인정하며 중요한 전환점을 마련하였다. 이는 서브컬처가 더 이상 하위 집단 에 국한되지 않고 대중문화의 핵심 요소로 부상하고 있음을 보여준다. 큐더블유이알(QWER) 밴드 의 사례는 서브컬처가 주류 문화와 교차하면서 새로운 형태의 대중문화를 창출하는 과정을 상징 적으로 나타낸다. 이 밴드는 인터넷 방송을 통해 자연스럽게 팬덤과의 상호작용을 기반으로 성 장하여, 주류 문화에 흡수되지 않고 독창성을 유지하며 대중적 인정을 받았다. 본 연구는 서브컬 처의 주류화 과정과 그로 인한 사회적, 문화적 영향을 고찰하였으며, 서브컬처가 주류와 상호보 완적인 관계를 형성하면서 문화적 경계를 재구성하는 방식을 분석하였다. 결론적으로, 서브컬처 는 디지털 플랫폼과 팬덤의 참여를 통해 주류 문화와 교차하며 현대 대중문화의 경계를 확장하고 있다. 연구는 서브컬처와 주류 문화 간의 상호작용이 대중문화의 새로운 지평을 여는 데 기여할 수 있음을 시사하며, 디지털 환경에서의 창의적 가능성을 강조한다.

본 논문은 보육교사의 긍정심리자본과 영유아와의 상호작용 간의 관계에서 회복탄력성과 직무만족의 매개효과를 검증하여, 양질의 보육서비스를 제공하기 위한 실증적 기초자료 제공과 실천적 방안 마련을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구를 통하여 보육교사의 궁정심리자본이 영유아와의 상호작용에 미치는 영향에서 회복탄력성과 직무만족이 매개변수로 작용한다는 것을 밝혔다. 보육 교사의 긍정심리자본의 중요성에 대한 영향력을 분석하였으며, 영유아와의 긍 정적 상호작용을 증진시켜 보육교사가 영유아에게 질 높은 보육서비스를 제공 하는 데 기초자료를 제공했다는 점에 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

In today’s rapidly changing business environment, rapid decision making and effective project management are essential for business growth. This study examines how project manager competencies and organizational structures affect business performance. Successful project execution depends on the strategic use of project managers’ skills and organizational resources to maximize performance. An empirical study was conducted with 475 participants from the construction and engineering sectors. The applied analyses included multiple regression analysis and two-way ANOVA to assess how project manager competencies and organizational types affect business performance. The results of the study show that project manager competencies significantly improve business performance, especially when combined with appropriate organizational types. Effective use of organizational frameworks leads to better financial results, increased market competitiveness, and greater innovation. The results of the study are as follows: First, project manager competencies were found to have a significant positive effect on business performance. Second, the use of functional, project, and matrix organizations had a significant positive effect on business performance. This suggests that aligning organizational structures with business objectives is important for achieving optimal performance. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the academic literature and practical applications of project management and organizational research. In addition, if we can select organizational members based on the learning effects of previous projects when operating new projects in the future, it will help reduce risks. Ultimately, it will improve the project manager’s competency level, promote the individual abilities and knowledge sharing of team members, and provide opportunities for the company to build efficient new systems. This will be evaluated as a valuable study in terms of academic and practical productivity.

From a conversation-analytic perspective, this study examines how the Korean connective ‘-nuntey’ is used in interactions between children and caregivers. The ‘nuntey’-clause occurs not only in utterance-medial positions as a clausal connective but also in utterance-final positions without accompanying main clauses in actual conversations. Previous studies have identified two primary functions of ‘-nuntey’: a ‘background provider’ and a ‘contrast marker’. In this study, the analysis of conversations between children and caregivers shows that caregivers often use the ‘nuntey’-clause to explain why they cannot comply with a child's request or to repremand them for their behavior, which frequently leads to changes in the child’s behavior or intentions. In contrast, children use the ‘nuntey’-clause in "telling-my-side" utterances to describe their own actions or observations, often eliciting responses or praise from caregivers. This pattern refelct the nature of child-caregiver interactions, where the caregiver's primary role is to manage the child’s behavior, while the child’s main goal is to attract the caregiver’s attention.

We explored the effect of galaxy-galaxy interaction on the FIR-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies by comparing the qFIR parameter distribution between interacting and non-interacting galaxies. Our sample galaxies were selected from the SDSS Stripe 82 region, where relatively deep optical images are available in addition to ancillary FIR and radio data. The qFIR values were 2.73±0.49 and 2.53±0.90 for interacting and non-interacting galaxies, respectively. The t-test results indicated that the difference in qFIR values between the two categories is not statistically significant. Our findings align with those of previous studies suggesting that either FIR excess or radio excess occurs only transiently during brief timescales in the merger stages, rather than persisting throughout the majority of merger events identified by features such as tidal tails or double nuclei.

본 연구는 유아교사의 그릿과 공감능력이 교사-유아 상호작용간의 상 관과 유아교사의 그릿과 공감능력이 교사-유아 상호작용에 미치는 영향 을 알아보기 위한 목적을 지닌다. 연구대상은 C 지역 유아교사 208명이 며 연구 대상에게 2023년 7월 3일부터 8월 6일까지 설문조사를 실시하 였다, 수집자료는 SPSS 21.0을 통계프로그램을 사용하여 상관분석, 다 중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 유아교사의 그릿과 공감능력은 교사-유아 상호작용에 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교사-유 아 상호작용 전체에 가장 영향을 미치는 변인으로 그릿의 하위변인인 열 정, 흥미지속으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 공감능력의 하위변인인 인지적 공감과 그릿의 하위변인인 끈기 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 유아 교사-유아 상호작용의 질을 높일 수 있는 유아교사의 그릿과 공 감능력 증진을 위한 교사 지원에 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

Chlorine is a crucial radionuclide that must be removed in irradiated nuclear graphite. Understanding the interaction between chlorine and graphene-based materials is essential for studying the removal process of 36Cl from irradiated nuclear graphite. In this study, first-principle density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to investigate the adsorption characteristic of chlorine on the original and reconstructed edges of graphene-based materials. Based on the calculation of adsorption energy of the structures after each step of adsorption, the most energetically favorable adsorption routes at four types of edge were determined: Along the armchair edge and reconstructed zigzag edge, the following adatoms would be adsorbed to compensate the distortion induced by the previously adsorbed atom. Meanwhile at the original zigzag edge, chlorine atoms would be adsorbed alternatively along the edge to minimize the repulsion between two adjacent chlorine atoms. The chemical nature of the bonds formed as a result of adsorption was elucidated through an examination of the density of states (DOS) for the two adsorbed chlorine atoms and the carbon atoms attached. Furthermore, to assess the relative stability of the adsorption structures, formation energy of all energetically favorable structures following adsorption was computed. Consequently, the predominant adsorption structure was identified as the reconstructed armchair edge with two chlorine atoms adsorbed. The desorption process of 36Cl2 from the predominant structure following adsorption was simulated, revealing an energy barrier of 1.14 V for desorption. Comparison with experimental results suggests that the chlorine removed from reconstructed armchair edges significantly contributes to the low-temperature removal stage of 36Cl from irradiated nuclear graphite.

중국 문학사에 있어 당대(唐代), 그 중에서도 중당(中唐)이라는 시기적 위치는 특 별함을 가지고 있다. 이 시기는 사인(士人) 계층의 개혁 의지가 강렬해지면서, 정치, 문화, 학술 등 다양한 분야에서 변화가 본격화된 시기이기도 하였다. 특히 과거(科 擧)를 통해 선발된 문인 계층이 신흥세력으로 부상하면서 그들만의 문화를 형성한 것도 바로 이 시기이다. 중당(中唐)을 대표하는 문인 중 문체 개혁운동의 정점에 서 있던 인물이라고 한다면 한유와 백거이를 대표적으로 떠올릴 수 있다. 양인(兩人)은 각각 문체 개혁운동에도 힘쓰면서도, 문인 집단을 이끌어간 영수(領袖)의 위치에 서 있었던 인물이었다. 하지만, 문인 집단 내에서는 교유가 활발했던 두 문인이었지만, 오히려 두 문인 간에는 교유의 흔적을 찾아보기 쉽지 않다. 본고에서는 한유와 백거 이 양인(兩人) 간 교유시(交遊詩)에 대해 소개한 뒤, 어떠한 상황 하에서 어떠한 내 용으로 교유시를 증답하였는지를 파악하기 위해 작품에 대한 분석을 시도하였으며, 이외에도 양인(兩人)의 교유에 영향을 줄 수 있는 중당(中唐) 시기의 환경적 특징에 는 어떠한 요소들이 있는지 간단히 살펴보았다.

Entomopathogenic fungi serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. In this study, we investigate the interactions between mosquitoes and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-157, which showed high insecticidal activity against mosquitoes, by RNA-seq analysis. RNA from mosquitoes was extracted at the median lethal time to identify changes in gene expression. The results showed 580 genes were up-regulated, while 336 genes were down-regulated in fungal treated mosquitoes. Up-regulated genes were related to metabolic and cellular processes such as cytochrome P450, DNA replication, and apoptosis. Down-regulated genes were involved in metabolism pathways such as lysosome, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results are crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of fungal invasion and interaction in insects, providing insights for future pest management strategies.

Over four years (2020–2023), 305 traps were strategically placed across South Korea to collect data on Vespidae species. Our findings showed that Vespula flaviceps, Vespa crabro, and Vespula koreensis were the most frequently encountered species. Vespa velutina was also widespread, suggesting its successful integration into local ecosystems. The ARL analysis, using the “apriori” algorithm, identified significant co-occurrence patterns and potential interactions. The rules generated indicated both competitive and coexistent relationships with varying levels of association strength across different regions. Clustering analyses, including hierarchical and k-means clustering, grouped species based on their occurrence similarities. The distinct clusters formed in the analysis highlighted the unique ecological roles and interactions of V. velutina and other Vespidae species in South Korean ecosystems.

Climate change has led to increased insect pests and pest distribution changes. Traditionally, chemical control using synthetic pesticides has been the main method for pest management, but the emergence of pesticide-resistant pests has become a problem. There is a need to develop new pest control agents to overcome these issues. Entomopathogenic fungi used in pest management have minimal environmental side effects and possess a mechanism of action distinct from that of synthetic pesticides. However, there is a need for the development of technologies to maximize the insecticidal effects of fungi against pests, and expressing and releasing dsRNA within the fungi can preemptively knock out the activation of the insect’s defense system, thereby enhancing the insecticidal effect. Controlling insect defense genes and using entomopathogenic fungi as bio-carriers forms a new pest management strategy. This approach, described as a “microbial insecticide agents development strategy of cassette concept, ” can versatilely modify genes and microbes. It is expected to overcome the limitations of synthetic pesticides.

It is well known that invertebrates do not have adaptive immunity because of their short life cycle. Especially, insects have a strong innate immune system, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production, to protect themselves from a wide range of pathogens. Previously, we identified over 60 genes related to AMP production, including Toll and Imd pathways, and characterized their immunological role in response to pathogenic infection through target gene-specific RNAi. This resulted in decreased expression levels of most AMPs in the larvae which were injected with target gene-specific dsRNA and microbes. Currently, we are focusing on studying the regulation of AMP production through epigenesis. It may help us understand how to regulate the innate immune system induced by pathogenic infection.

This study examined the relationship between Body mass index (BMI) classification and the occurrence of dyslipidemia using 3 years of health examination data from a university hospital in Changwon, and seeked to find other factors that affect dyslipidemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis investigated the most common risk factors for developing dyslipidemia and used Kaplan-Meier survival curves to predict the probability of developing dyslipidemia according to BMI class. We then analyzed the effects of metabolic indicators such as smoking habits, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and insulin. The Type I error rate was controlled through Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons to extract reliable statistical data. in the present study, these results showed that the probability of developing dyslipidemia was high in the obese group, and confirmed that lifestyle habits such as smoking and drinking were highly correlated with the occurrence of dyslipidemia. Therefore, we suggest that dyslipidemia management and prevention strategies require public health policies that comprehensively manage lifestyle factors such as gender and weight management, smoking cessation, and drinking habits.

Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of the cerebral artery, which leads to a severe neurological disorder. Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic acid found mainly in plants such as coffee beans, eggplants, and carrots. It exerts a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic damage. Bcl-2 family protein is a representative apoptosis regulatory protein. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL act as apoptosis inhibitors, while Bax and Bad act as apoptosis inducers.The interaction of Bcl-2 family protein plays an important role in determining cell fate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chlorogenic acid modulates the interaction of Bcl-2 family proteins during ischemic injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was performed to induce cerebral ischemia. Chlorogenic acid (30 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline was intraperitoneally injected to adult male rats 2 h after MCAO surgery. Neurobehavioral tests were performed to confirm the neuroprotective effect of chlorogenic acid 24 h after MCAO injury, and immunoprecipitation analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of Bcl-2 family protein. MCAO damage showed signs of severe neurological disorders, while chlorogenic acid improved these disorders. Results of immunoprecipitation analysis were as follows. Interaction between Bax and Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL was decreased in MCAO injury, chlorogenic acid prevents these decreases. In contrast to Bax, Interaction between Bad and Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL was increased in MCAO injury, chlorogenic acid prevents these increases. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid attenuated MCAO-induced increase of capase-9. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that chlorogenic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic injury by modulating interaction of Bcl-2 family proteins.