본 연구의 목적은 유아의 언어 및 문해능력, 교사와 유아의 교사유아상호 작용, 유아의 사회적 유능감이 유아의 놀이 단절에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널 7차 연도 데이터를 사용하였고, 변인들의 영향력을 분석하기 위해 중다회귀분석을 실행하였다. 연구 결과로는 첫째, 언어 및 문해능력, 교사유아상호작용, 사회적유능감 모두 유아의 놀이 단절 에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 언어 및 문해능력이 가장 높은 설명 력을 보였다. 둘째, 사회적 유능감 하위 요인 중, 자기통제가 놀이 단절에 가 장 강력한 부적 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 교사유아상호작용의 하위요인 중에서 유아유아상호작용이 놀이단절에 가장 강력한 부적 영향력을 나타냈다. 본 연 구를 통해 유아의 놀이 단절을 감소시키기 위해서는 유아의 언어능력과 사회 성을 증진시켜줌과 동시에 교사가 유아와 양질의 상호작용을 해야 한다는 것 을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 의의는 유아의 놀이 단절에 영향을 미치는 변인 들을 알아보고 놀이 단절을 감소 및 예방하기 위한 교육적 시사점을 제공한 데 있다.

본 연구의 목적은 국내 시장에 진출한 다국적기업 현지 자회사의 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량이 재무적 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보고, 현지 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량 간의 상호작용 효과를 살펴보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 한국에 진출한 다국적기업 현지 자회사에 대한 실증분석을 시행한 결과, 현지 ESG 경영과 자회사가 보유한 디지 털 역량 모두 재무적인 성과를 증진하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 자회사의 ESG 경영과 보유한 디지털 역량은 유 의한 정(+)의 상호작용 효과를 나타내지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다. 오히려 자회사의 현지 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량은 부(-)의 유의한 상호작용 효과가 확인되는 분석결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 현지 ESG 경영과 자회사의 디지털 역량이 현지에서의 재무적 성과를 개선할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 그뿐만 아니라, 자회사의 디지털 역 량과 ESG 경영은 서로가 긍정적인 재무적 성과로 이어지는 것에 각자가 걸림돌이 될 수 있는 대체재 관계라는 사실을 방증한다. 이는 다국적기업 현지 자회사가 전략적 측면에서 어떤 역할을 맡을 것인지에 따라 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량 중 하나만을 선택해 역량을 결집하는 것이 바람직함을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 현지에서 쓸 수 있는 비용이 한정되어 둘 중 하나만을 선택해야 하는 현실을 마주한 현지 자회사가 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량 발 현 둘 모두에 충실하기보다는 하나의 전략 실행에만 유무형의 경영 자원을 집중함으로써 재무적 성과를 극대화할 수 있다는 사실을 환기하였다.

This study performed the seismic response analysis of an LNG storage tank supported by a disconnected piled raft foundation (DPRF) with a load transfer platform (LTP). For this purpose, a precise analytical model with simultaneous consideration of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) and Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) was used. The effect of the LTP characteristics (thickness, stiffness) of the DPRF system on the seismic response of the superstructure (inner and outer tanks) and piles was analyzed. The analytical results were compared with the response of the piled raft foundation (PRF) system. The following conclusions can be drawn from the numerical results: (1) The DPRF system has a smaller bending moment and axial force at the head of the pile than the PRF system, even if the thickness and stiffness of the LTP change; (2) The DPRF system has a slight stiffness of the LTP and the superstructure member force can increase with increasing thickness. This is because as the stiffness of the LTP decreases and the thickness increases, the natural frequency of the LTP becomes closer to the natural frequency of the superstructure, which may affect the response of the superstructure. Therefore, when applying the DPRF system, it is recommended that the sensitivity analysis of the seismic response to the thickness and stiffness of the LTP must be performed.

MCCI, one of the ex-vessel phenomena during a severe accident, is generally caused by mutual reactions between molten core and reactor building basemat concrete, but occurs between sacrificial materials made by concrete and corium in APR nuclear power plant with PECS applied. In this paper, MCCI analysis was performed to design and apply a device to block the core melt at the junction connected to the ICI cavity sump from the core catcher installed in the reactor cavity of the APR. Unlike the sacrificial material, which has a cooling effect by inducing erosion of the ex-vessel core melt, the device is composed of concrete applied as a barrier to protect the ICI cavity sump. The decent thickness of the barrier wall of the device was calculated.

본 연구는 생성형 인공지능인 챗봇을 활용해서 핵심광물을 탐구하는 과정에서 나타나는 챗봇과 학생의 반응, 그 들 사이에서 일어나는 상호작용을 인식론적 측면에서 분석했다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 인공지능을 활용한 교수·학습 과정 에서 유의해야 할 문제들을 교사의 역할, 교육의 목표, 지식의 속성 측면에서 논의했다. 이 연구를 위해 고등학생 19명 을 대상으로 챗봇을 활용한 3차시 과학 교육 프로그램을 진행했고, 학생들이 작성한 보고서를 분석했다. 그 결과, 학생 의 질문은 형식적 측면에서 검색형 질문과 탈검색형 질문이 나타났고 내용적 측면에서는 대상에 대한 특성을 묻는 다 양한 질문 외에도 여러 자료를 종합해서 판단할 것을 요구하는 질문도 나타났다. 대체로 학생들은 지향해야할 것과 지 양해야 할 것을 구분한 질문 전략을 갖추고 있었다. 챗봇의 답변은 일정한 형태-서문, 본문, 결문 등의 3부분으로 이루 어져 있었고, 특히 결문에는 내용에 대한 의견을 곁들인 논평이나 의견 등이 포함되어 있어서 여기에는 가치 판단과 함께 과학의 본성이 나타났다. 챗봇과 학생의 상호작용은 학생이 챗봇의 답변에 대한 질문을 조직하는 과정에서 잘 드 러났다. 답변 근거 여부에 따라 독립형, 파생형 질문으로, 포괄성 수준의 변화에 따라 상위형, 하위형, 병렬형 질문이 나타나기도 했다. 학생들은 챗봇의 답변에 비판적 사고기술이 포함된 질문으로 반응하기도 했다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으 로 챗봇과 학생 사이에는 교사와 상호작용하는 일반적 수업과 달리 ‘제한된 상호작용’이라는 태생적 한계가 있음을 발 견하고 이를 보완할 교사의 역할을 논의했고, 아울러 AI를 활용한 학습의 목표 및 이들이 제공하는 지식의 속성을 함 께 논의했다.

Copper, mainly used as a material for outer canister, generates various corrosion products under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the operational and/or post-closure phases of the deep geological repository. These products could affect performance of engineering barrier system (EBS) through interaction with surrounding bentonite that makes up the buffer and backfill materials. Accordingly, in this study, we suggested research items to be conducted to minimize degradation of EBS due to copper corrosion products, based on the phenomenological review results for copper corrosion mechanisms and interaction between resultant product and bentonite in the deep geological disposal environment. During the post-closure phase, condition in the disposal facility changes form aerobic to anaerobic over time, and thereby, causes and products of copper corrosion vary. Under aerobic condition, copper corrosion is mainly induced by oxygen (O2) in the repository, chloride (Cl-) and carbonate (CO3 2-) ions from groundwater flowing into the facility, resulting in corrosion products such as cuprite (Cu2O), tenorite (CuO), atacamite (CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2) and malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2). And, copper corrosion under anaerobic condition is primarily due to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfate (SO4 2-) in groundwater flowing into the facility, leading to formation of chalcocite (Cu2S) and covellite (CuS) as corrosion products. Depending on environment of the disposal facility, copper corrosion products are dissolved and ionized to Cu2+ in groundwater, and subsequently adsorbed on the nearby smectite. Then, it causes a cation exchange reaction with exchangeable cations in the interlayer of smectite. As a result of reviewing the previous experiments, it was confirmed that Cu2+-exchanged bentonite has a slightly reduced basal spacing and swelling capacity. From the results as above, there is a possibility that performance of EBS may be degraded due to copper corrosion products. To minimize its effect of degradation in the domestic facility, items to be further studied are as follows: (a) Method for reducing copper corrosion such as selection of appropriate material and structure for the canister, and (b) How to control dissolution of copper canister product into groundwater through predicting type and ionization process. The results of this study could be directly used to developing design concept of EBS for the domestic disposal facility and to establishing roadmap of future R&D programs.

The buffer is installed around the disposal canister, subjected to heating due to decay heat while simultaneously experiencing expansion influenced by groundwater inflow from the surrounding rock. The engineering barrier system for deep geological disposal require the evaluation of longterm evolution based on the verification of individual component performance and the interactions among components within the disposal environment. Thus, it is crucial to identify the thermalhydro- mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes of the buffer and assess its long- and short-term stability based on these interactions. Therefore, we conducted experimental evaluations of saturationswelling, dry heating, gas transport, and mineralogical alterations that the buffer may undergo in the heated-hydration environment. We simulated a 310 mm-thick buffer material in a cylindrical form, simulating the domestic disposal system concept of KRS+ (the improved KAERI reference disposal system for spent nuclear fuel), and subjected it to the disposal environment using heating cartridges and a hydration system. To monitor the thermal-hydro-mechanical behavior within the buffer material, load cells were installed in the hydration section, and both of thermal couples and relative humidity sensors were placed at regular intervals from the heat source. After 140 days of heating and hydration, we dismantled the experimental cell and conducted post-mortem analyses of the samples. In this post-mortem analysis, we performed functions of distance from the water contents, heat source, wet density, dry density, saturation, and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that after 140 days in the heated-hydration environment, the samples exhibited a significant decrease water contents and saturation near the heat source, along with very low wet and dry densities. XRD Quantitative Analysis did not indicate mineralogical changes. The findings from this study are expected to be useful for input parameters and THMC interaction assessments for the long-term stability evaluation of buffer in deep geological disposal.

In the case of dry storage facilities, slipping of the cask or tip-over are dangerous phenomena. For this reason, in dry storage facilities, measures against slipping and tip-over or related safety evaluations are important. Accidental conditions that can cause cask slippage and tip-over in dry storage facilities include natural phenomena such as floods, tornadoes, tsunamis, typhoons, earthquakes, and artificial phenomena such as airplane crashes. However, among natural phenomena, earthquakes are the most important natural phenomenon that causes tip-over. Also, many people had the stereotype that Korea is an earthquake-safe zone before 2016. However, earthquakes become a major disaster in Korea due to the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake and the 2017 Pohang earthquake, followed by the Goesan earthquake in October 2022. In this paper, seismic analysis was performed based on dry storage facilities including multiple casks. Design variables for the construction of an analysis model for dry storage facilities were investigated, and seismic analysis was performed. To evaluate tip-over accident during earthquake, seismic load was used from 0.2 g PGA to 0.8 g PGA and these earthquakes were followed Design Response Spectrum (DRS) in RG 1.60. The friction coefficient of concrete pad was used from 0.2 to 1.0. As a result of the analysis, tip-over accident could not find in the analysis from 0.2 g to 0.6 g. However, tip-over was appeared at friction coefficients of 0.8 and 1.0 at 0.8 g PGA. Tip-over angular velocity of cask was derived by seismic analysis and was compared with formula and tip-over analysis results. As a result, a generalized dry storage facility analysis model was proposed, and dry storage facility safety evaluation was conducted through seismic analysis. Also, tip-over angular velocity was derived using seismic analysis for tip-over analysis.

Non-structural elements, such as equipment, are typically affixed to a building’s floor or ceiling and move in tandem with the structure during an earthquake. Seismic forces acting upon non-structural elements traverse the ground and the building’s structure. Considering this seismic load transmission mechanism, it becomes imperative to account for the interactions between soil, structure, and equipment, establishing seismic design procedures accordingly. In this study, a Soil-Structure-Equipment Interaction (SSEI) model is developed. Through seismic response analysis using this model, how the presence or absence of SSEI impacts equipment behavior is examined. Neglecting the SSEI aspect when assessing equipment responses results in an overly conservative evaluation of its seismic response. This emphasizes the necessity of proposing an analytical model and design methodology that adequately incorporate the interaction effect. Doing so enables the calculation of rational seismic forces and facilitates the seismic design of non-structural elements.

본 연구는 만학도 간호대학생의 교수-학생 상호작용, 진로몰입이 자기주도학습능력에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구대상자는 G광역시, J도에 소재한 4개 대학교의 25세 이상 64 세 이하에 입학한 간호학과 재학생 162명이며, 자가설문방법으로 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 24.0 프 로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation 및 multiple regression으로 시행되었다. 연구결 과, 자기주도학습능력에 영향을 미치는 요인은 진로몰입, 교수-학생 상호작용, 대학진학의 동기 순이며, 변 인들은 만학도 간호대학생의 자기주도학습능력을 29.5% 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 만학도 간호대 학생의 진로몰입과 교수-학생 상호작용의 수준의 향상을 통해 자기주도학습능력을 촉진할 수 있는 프로그 램개발이 필요하다.

인터넷 시대를 맞아 온라인 콘텐츠 플랫폼은 텔레비전 미디어 시대의 송년 매체 의식을 변화시켰고, 기수 매체의 변화 중의 의식 활동을 분석 하여 새로운 환경을 제공하였다.　따라서 본 연구에서는 온라인 콘텐츠 플랫폼에서 개최하는 송년회를 분석 대상으로 선정하여 온라인 커뮤니티 의 의식 활동을 연구하였다. 이론적인 측면으로 본 연구는 매체 의식의 이론적 관점에서 참여형 문화 이론과 결합하여 커뮤니티의 매체 의식 실 천을 분석하고, 참여형 매체 의식을 사용하여 온라인 콘텐츠 플랫폼에서 커뮤니티의 역할에 응한다. 본 연구는 콘텐츠의 협력 공동창작 및 커뮤 니티 사용자 참여 등 두 가지 관점에서 온라인 커뮤니티의 송년 행사와 다른 미디어 플랫폼이 창출하고 주도하는 송년 행사의 차이점을 분석한 다. 본 연구의 핵심 목적은 온라인 콘텐츠 플랫폼의 송년 활동의 혁신을 분석하고, 온라인 커뮤니티가 매체 의식 활동을 만들고 기획하는 방법을 더 잘 이해하고, 대중문화와 커뮤니티 사용자가 콘텐츠 공동창출을 통해 커뮤니티의 단결을 만들고 커뮤니티의 응집 효과를 강화하며 상호 작용 에 참여하여 의식 상호 작용을 촉진할 수 있는 아이디어를 제공하는 것 이다.　본 연구에서는 콘텐츠 창작 과정에서 온라인 콘텐츠 플랫폼에서 커뮤니티 네트워크의 주도적 위치를 지적했다. 따라서 콘텐츠 서사 단계 에서는 시청자에게 주의를 기울이고 매체 전반에 걸쳐 참여감을 부여하 고 플랫폼은 미디어 의식의 장이자 중개자가 된다.

본 연구는 SNS 계정으로 화장품 브랜드를 구독하고 있는 10대에서 50대 남녀의 지각된 연령을 기준으로 소비자-브랜드 상호작용과 관계가 구매동기와 만족도에 미치는 영향력을 분석하기 위해 설문 조 사를 하였다. 수집된 자료의 통계처리는 SPSS 21.0로 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 회귀분석, 다중회귀 분석을 하였다. 조사대상자들의 지각된 연령을 타인이 지각한 연령과 스스로 지각한 연령의 차이에 따라 ‘지각된 저집단’, ‘지각된 중집단’, ‘지각된 고집단’으로 분류하였다. 세 집단은 소비자-브랜드 상호작용과 소비자-브랜드 관계는 구매동기와 유의미한 정의 관계가 나타났고, 소비자-브랜드 관계는 구매동기 중에 서도 ‘매력적’을 설명하는 주요 변수로 나타났다. 세 집단은 소비자-브랜드 상호작용과 소비자-브랜드 관 계는 만족도와 유의미한 정의 관계가 나타났고, 소비자-브랜드 관계는 만족도를 설명하는 주요 변수로 나 타났다. 그러므로, 본 연구의 결론은 지각된 연령집단별, 소비자-브랜드 상호작용과 소비자-브랜드 관계가 구매동기와 만족도에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 소비자-브랜드 관계는 화장품 구매동기 와 만족도에 주요한 변수가 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 SNS에서 지각된 연령이 화장품 브랜드 마케팅에 미치는 영향력을 실증적으로 분석함에 따라, 화장품 판매전략을 수립할 수 있는 실무적 시사점 및 마케팅에 활용될 수 있는 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

This research investigated the effects of para-social interaction (PSI) in online and traditional celebrity endorsements. The data was collected by distributing questionnaire sets. And covariance structural equation modeling was used to analyze the model. The findings showed that para-social interaction is the moderator variable in the online celebrity endorsement effect.

Consumer studies on millennials have focused on shopper behavioural differences with their old baby boomer generation. A significant distinction between these two groups have been their relationship and interaction with technology across all facets of life, including shopping. Millennials are generally regarded as early adopters of digital technology and its use in daily activities, hence their reference to digital natives. Compared to the baby boomers, who are late adopters and are called digital immigrants. Africa's millennials constitute at least 30% of Africa's population, making them a key attraction for marketers, yet their interests are often treated as a homogenous segment similar to global millennials from advanced economies.

To reduce food waste at the retail and personal consumption stages, discounts are offered in retail channels to encourage consumers to buy goods that are less attractive or close to their expiry dates. While discounts can encourage consumers to accept and purchase suboptimal foods, previous studies find that low prices or price discounts will make consumers produce positive or negative perceptions of product values. Consumers may increase their purchase intentions due to price concessions, but will think that price reductions are caused by quality degradation and thus reduce their purchase intentions. Additionally, the literature rarely explores the interaction between original prices of suboptimal products and discount presentation modes. This study thus contends that the interaction between original prices of goods and discount types will lead to significant differences in consumers' attitudes and purchase behavior toward suboptimal products. For research goals, this study employed a full factorial between‐subjects experiment designed with 2 original prices (High and Low) × 2 discount presentation modes (Discount percentage and Discounted price). An anonymous web-based questionnaire posted on the popular PTT forum and in Facebook and Instagram related communities is used to collect the data, and then a total of 328 valid questionnaires were finally collected. The findings indicate that attitudes and purchase intentions toward suboptimal food with a low original price is significantly higher than that of a high original price. Among the interaction effects, the means of attitudes and purchase intentions on the level of the low original price of suboptimal foods presented by discount percentage are higher the other three types. For the high original prices of suboptimal foods, the means of attitudes and purchase intentions on the level of discounted price are higher than for discount percentage. Based on these findings, this study demonstrates that consumer attitudes and purchase decision-making toward suboptimal foods are shaped by original prices and discount presentation modes. In Asia-Pacific countries such as Taiwan, consumers are price-sensitive but once a food item belongs to the category of suboptimal foods, their perceptions of discounts become different. Consumers’ attitudes toward that food and their willingness to buy may be moderated by the high or low original price of suboptimal food with the levels of discount presentation mode. Thus, based on the analysis and results of this study, we offer fresh findings and make both theoretical and managerial contributions to the related field of suboptimal food marketing and price discounts.

This study examines the impact of influencer-audience and audience-audience interactions in Livestream e-commerce by extending halo of the influencer to the brand and snowballing the opinions that empower other watchers. It finds that halo effect generates from influencer physical attraction and bandwagon effect from audience live comments significantly influenced product preference and purchase intentions.

This study, based on mixed method research design, explores the mechanism by which online service provider experiences are indirectly influenced by service interactions (service manner and need identification) in a rarely explored context (e-learning service and digital product/online MBA). While the service provided by employees is argued to play an important role in consumers’ evaluations of service performance (Vasconcelos et al., 2015), the impact of service interaction on experience (combining credence service theory and customer experience theory) has to date not been explored.

With the development of social media, most people will use social media to watch the videos of digital influencers to get spiritual comfort, and they will think that digital influencers are like friends who are connected with their own lives. However, most of the previous studies focused on the influence of digital influencers on followers’ behavioral intentions (e.g. loyalty, and purchase intention). They rarely discussed the online social well-being obtained by followers after watching digital influencers' posts. Therefore, this study integrates the attributes of followers (loneliness, low self-esteem, empathy) and the characteristics of digital influencers (social attractiveness, expertise, homophily) to explore the influence of the parasocial interaction established between digital influencers and followers on followers’ online social well-being. This study uses the Internet to collect questionnaires and takes users who have watched digital influencers' posts on social media as the research object. A total of 597 valid questionnaires are collected. The research results show that: the characteristics of digital influencers (social attractiveness, expertise, and homophily), and followers' attributes (low self-esteem and empathy) have positively affected parasocial interaction. It is noteworthy that loneliness has no significant effect on parasocial interaction.

We explore how young, educated consumers in a collectivist emerging market, utilize social media (SM) to increase self-esteem through interaction with retailers and achieve emotional well-being. Primary data were collected in Vietnam through a survey. 192 responses were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings show that SM provides an online space for value co-creation, where young consumers feel more closely connected with the service provider and express themselves to retailers. Close interaction via a retailer’s mediation “responsiveness” facilitates consumer learning and provides opportunities for consumers to convert initial knowledge to second stage knowledge through conversion. In the process of mediation and interaction, SM is used to facilitate the learning cycle. Also, retailers apply the value-in-use concept by adapting relevant information to better suit a particular individual’s needs. This imbues a sense of self confidence and results in consumers gaining self-esteem.

The purpose of this paper is to understand how customer relationship termination (i.e., preparation and process), alone or in combination with customer involvement, contributes to the new product development outcome. While termination preparation has a synergistic effect with customer involvement, the termination process has a trade-off relationship with customer involvement.