This study was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on the physiological response and growth characteristics of the five Italian ryegrass varieties. For all varieties, the germination rate of seed decreased by 10-15% as the waterlogging period increased, but the waterlogging stress treatment after the early seedling stage increased the growth of shoot and root length. Photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) according to waterlogging stress treatment decreased in all vareity, and Florida 80 showed the least decrease with 1.5%. Waterlogging stress treatment was found to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde, MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that other mechanisms may be involved in the defense mechanism of Italian ryegrass against waterlogging stress, such as promoting root growth to escape from waterlogging stress, in addition to the antioxidant enzyme system.

우리는 이태준의 역사‘소설’ 󰡔황진이󰡕를 알레고리의 일종으로 간주하면서 조선 시대의 한 여성이 보여 준 삶의 궤적을 섹슈얼리티의 역사적 변동 과정과 여성적 현실의 변화 과정이 드러나는 우화적 비유 체계로 다루었다. 결국 역사‘소설’ 󰡔황진이󰡕는 젠더의 세계에서 섹스의 세계로 나아가는 우화적 여행으로서의 이른 바 ‘황진이 오딧세이’를 통해 감정과 육체가 분열되지 않은 진정한 남녀관계란 불가능하다는 환멸과 허무의 알레고리가 되었다. 물론 이태준의 󰡔황진이󰡕는 진정한 남녀관계와 사랑의 이상이 좌절되고 만 절망적 현실 을 환기하는 데서 그치지 않았다. 젠더의 세계와 섹스의 세계를 넘어선 세계, 즉 감정과 육체가 분열되지 않고 조화를 이루는 세계에 대한 염원을 담고 있음도 분명하였다. 그 세계는 󰡔황진이󰡕라는 환멸과 허무의 서사가 보존하는 낭만주의적 기운과 무관하지 않은 세계였는데, 말하자면 우리는 죽은 젠더의 세계와 무책 임한 섹스의 세계가 지양됨으로써 에토스가 에로스의 혼란을 제어하거나 에로스가 에토스에 역동성을 부여 하는 세계를 󰡔황진이󰡕에서 만날 수 있었다

높은 안전성과 견고한 기계적 특성을 가진 고체상 슈퍼커패시터는 차세대 에너지 저장 장치로서 세계적 관심을 끌고 있다. 슈퍼커패시터의 전극으로서 경제적인 탄소 기반 전극이 많이 사용되는데 수계 전해질을 도입하는 경우 소수성 표 면을 가진 탄소 기반 전극과의 계면 상호성이 좋지 않아 저항이 증가한다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 전극 표면에 산소 플라즈마 처리를 하여 친수화된 전극과 수계 전해질 사이의 향상된 계면 성질을 기반으로 더 높은 전기화학적 성능을 얻는 방법을 제시한다. 풍부해진 산소 작용기들로 인한 표면 친수화 효과는 접촉각 측정을 통해 확인하였으며, 전력과 지속시간을 조절함으로써 친수화 정도를 손쉽게 조절할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 수계 전해질로 PVA/H3PO4 고체상 고분자 전해질막을 사 용하였으며 프레싱하여 전극에 도입하였다. 15 W의 낮은 전력으로 5초간 산소 플라즈마 처리를 시행하는 것이 최적 조건이 었으며 슈퍼커패시터의 에너지 밀도가 약 8% 증가하였다.

이 글은 60년대 이청준 소설을 프로이트 정신분석학과 아도르노 비판미학과의 관계 속에서 탐구하였다. 의학지식의 대중화를 통해 문학 분야에 적극 유입 됐던 프로이트 정신분석학과 한국 지식담론장의 비판인식에 영향을 끼쳤던 아도르노 비판미학이 어떻게 구조화되었는지를 탐구한 것으로 이를 통해 구원의 서사로서 이청준 소설이 갖는 의미를 해명하고자 했다. 이청준 소설은 이윤의 목적성에 훼손된 근대의 부정성을 공격하며 자본의 논리에서 자유로운 무목적적 미의 세계를 유토피아로 투시한다. 현실에 대한 분노를 가학적 공격성을 통해 표현하는데 여기에 문화지식이 중층적으로 개입된다. 타나토스의 본능을 위험한 충동으로 부정한 프로이트 정신분석학이 고통으로만 구원이 투시될 수 있다고 강조한 아도르노 미학을 경유하여 비판적으로 전유되고 있다. 소통과 화해 대신 분노와 불화를 통해 구원을 모색하는 것으로 격자소설 양식, 성찰적 서술자 운용, 거짓말과 말없음 등 전통 문법을 해체하는 형식적 고안들도 비판미학과 연결된다. 이를 통해 문화지식담론을 전유하며 유토피아를 희구한 이청준의 구원의식과 사회의식이 온당하게 이해되며 70년대 이후로 비판미학의 수용 시기를 진단한 연구도 재론될 수 있다. 이론이나 잡지와 함께 소설은 문화지식 수용의 텍스트로 의미를 가지며 그러한 점에서 60년대 이청준 소설은 아도르노미학 수용에 중요한 시사점을 제공한다.

Agarum clathratum (A. clathratum) is a marine brown algal species that belongs to the Costariaceae family and has antioxidant and anti-microbial properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of A. clathratum and the molecular mechanisms involved have not been determined so far. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of A. clathratum extracts in THP-1 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis. The THP-1 cells were differentiated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and treated with A. clathratum before LPS stimulation. Cell viability was assessed using the trypan blue exclusion assay. The expression of pro-inflammatory response-associated molecules was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. A. clathratum treatment inhibited the expression of interleukin-1β in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages without causing any cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effect of A. clathratum resulted in a significant repression of the JNK/c-Jun signaling axis, a key regulator in inflammation responses. This study highlights the possible role of A. clathratum in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines via suppression of the JNK/c-Jun signaling axis and suggests that A. clathratum could serve as a marine-derived anti-inflammatory agent in periodontitis.

도문은 두만강을 사이에 두고 함경북도 온성군 남양시와 마주한 간도의 국경도시이다. 1932년 만주국의 신경과 도문을 연결하는 경도선철도건설공사의 착공과 함께 성장한 도문은 이후 ‘북조선 삼항(청진, 웅기, 나진)’의 배후도시, ‘중계 국경역’으로 발전하였다. 현경준은 일제 강점기 도문에서 활동한 대표적인 조선족 소설가이다. 1937년 일제의 문화동화정책을 피해 만주로 이주한 현경준은 국경도시 도문에 거주하면서 현지에서 생활하는 조선인의 삶과 ‘밀 수’라는 사회문제에 천착하였다. 현경준은 작품을 통해 살아가기 위해 어쩔 수 없이 밀수를 할 수밖에 없었던 현지 조선인들의 삶을 변호하고, 그들을 ‘타락’으로 이끈 일본제국주의의 침탈을 간접적으로 비판하였다. 또한 현경준은 도문역을 통해 북만주로 이주하는 조선인의 모습을 작품 속에 담았다. 그는 국경도시 도문역을 배경으로 일제의 식민정책으로 자기의 고국에서 못살고 타국으로 쫓겨 가는 인민들, 이민자들에게 아무런 도움도 제공하지 않는 이민 보도소 관리, 그들의 배후에서 기생하는 인신매매업자 등의 다양한 군상들을 통해 도문이란 국경도시가 갖는 의미와 함께 일본제국주의의에 대한 비판의식을 드러내었다.

The purpose of this paper is to examine an essential problem which rulers fail to realize while pursuing the construction of a paradise and the reason why Chung-jun Lee describes negative aspects of paradise and power in Your Paradise. In this novel, Lee questions what real paradise is. He makes readers realize that most rulers who want to construct a paradise with their power and will do not perceive their insensibility about freedom and love. The writer suggests a fundamental questions about how the rule mechanism works in Sorokdo. In the end of this novel the director of an institution, Baek-heon Jo, realizes the importance of individual freedom, fellowship, and horizontal relationships for the realization of positive value through his elder Hui-baek Hwang’s advice. After all, Jo and Hwang experience reconciliation and forgiveness through the formation of sympathy between them. In conclusion, Lee emphasizes love and freedom for maintaining a horizontal relationships and learns that the paradise can only be accomplished through mutual cooperation.

β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC) is a component derived from cruciferous vegetables and has been demonstrated to fight many types of cancers through various molecular pathways. In the present study, we focused on its effect on the induction of apoptotic cell death to inhibit cell growth and its molecular mechanism in HSC-4 human oral cancer cells. A colorimetric MTS assay was used to examine cell viability. The apoptotic effect and was investigated using DAPI staining and the molecular target and mechanism of PEITC-mediated apoptosis were determined by Western blotting. The result showed that PEITC inhibited oral cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis via extrinsic signaling pathway evidenced by the activation of caspase 8, truncation of bid protein and induction of death receptor(DR) 5. DR5 protein level was increased through the activation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK). These results from this study strongly suggest that DR5 is a potential molecular target for PEITC-induced apoptosis in oral cancer via p38 and JNK.

Kim, Jun-Geun(Gisan) was a late 19th century Chosen dynasty painter who created numerous genre paintings for West European clients in the newly opened treaty ports of Wonsan, Busan and Inchon. The treaty ports in the late 19th century Chosen represented of the crossroads the economy, values, and the institutions of the West European powers. In particular, the agriculture-based economy, Confucianism, and land-owner noble class started being eroded by a commerce-based economy, the values of Christianity, West European institution, and a new class of people who amassed wealth from commerce. As Kim, Jun-Geun’s paintings were created for sale to West European clients, they exhibit characteristics that are distinct from the traditional genre paintings in terms of presentation style and the selection of the subject matters. The export genre painting originated in the 18th century around Guangdong, China. Broadly, there are two styles of genre paintings: the Guangzhou style and Ningbo style. Kim, Jun- Geun's paintings resemble the Ningbo style. The Ningbo style tends to highlight the main subjects, form an album of small paintings, and provide a simple treatment of the scenes without the background. Kim, Jun-Geun's paintings cover most aspects of life of common people of his time, ranging well beyond the subjects matters of the traditional genre paintings. His subject matters include the scenes of funeral, folk games, Buddhist and ancestor worship, prison and punishment, shaman custom, debauchees, government officials' formal trips, beggars and handicapped, etc. Many of the subjects are the neglected and the oppressed of the society. And he presents in detail the dress and its ornament that the subjects wear, and all the utensils and things around them. Besides, his subjects' faces are generally expressionless, and their postures are stiff; as such, the feeling of liveliness or movement is lacking. It may be the results of Kim, Jun-Geun's taking the other perspective, namely of his West European clients, rather than his own. The adoption of the other perspective may in turn be a product of the Social Darwinism and the new sense of values that accompanied the infusion of Christianity and West European institutions. Kim, Jun-Geun's portrayals of his subjects appear to reflect the attributes with which the West European Orientalists' of the period characterized the people of the Far East, namely, backwardness, barbarity, irrationality, violence, and mysticism.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of c-fos and c-jun expression in the odontogenic cysts. For this study, 20 subjects of odontoenic dysts: 8 subjects of keratocysts and 12 subjects of periodontal cysts referred to the Dept. of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, were used as experimental group, and 5 subjects of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes. were used as control groups respectively. All the tissues of experimental and control group were fixed in neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin, serial tissue section were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary antibodies, for c-fos, c-jun was diluted at 1:100 each, followed by the super sensitive non-biotin horse radish peroxidase system with DAB as chromogen application, counter stained with Gill's hematoxylin stainmethod, mounted. And examined under the biologic microscope with the criteria of -(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and stromal tissues on each. Attained results as follows. In normal oral mucosa, it is noted that moderate positive responses in cytoplasm and nuclei to c-fos and c-jun protein on each.. In the responses to c-fos, c-jun protein, moderate positive responses in nuclei and cytoplasms of the epithelial lining in keratocysts and periodontal cysts, but more intense reaction is noted on the periodontal cyst compare to that on the keratocysts. In the responses to c-fos, c-jun, it is noted that more intense responses in odontogenic cyst compare to that in the oral mucosa. In the responses to c-fos and c-jun on submucoas of oral normal mucosa, focal epithelial stain was noted. and more intensive reaction was noted on the odontogenic cysts, most in periodontal cysts. This results suggests that c-fos and c-jun protein effected on the induction of development and growth of the cysts

1'he purpose 0 1' this study was to evaluate the ro1e of c• fos and c-jun expression in the salivary gland tumol‘ s , For this study‘ 11 s ubj ects of sali vary gland tumors ; 4 su이 ects of p1eomorphic adenomas, 3 s ubj ects of adenoid cystic car cinomas , 2 s ubjects of adenocar cinomas, 2 subjects of mucoepidermoid tumors, referred to the Dept, of Ora l Path College of Dentis t l'Y, Kyung Hee Univer sity, were used as experimental group, and 2 subj ect s of normal minor salivary gla nds without a ny infla mmator y changes, were used as control group respectively, All the tissues experimenta l and control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin , serial ti ssue section were made 5 I1I1l in thickness a nd processed in the s t andard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary and secondar y a ntibodi es, for c-fos, c-jun, foll owed by the Streptavidin-Horse Radish Peroxidase, all BioGenex U,S,A, made, appli cat ion counter s t ained with Mayer's hematoxylin stain method, mounted And examined under the biologic mi croscope, with the criteria : -(no epitheli al s ta in), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moder a te or focal intensive epithelial sta in)‘ +++(intense generali zed epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and stromal ti ssues on each Attained results as follows : 1 1n nonna l minor saliva ry gla nds , it is noted that negative responses on the acini minimal res ponses in nucl ei and cytoplams of se rous demilun e, myoepi theli al cells, and intensive r esponses in nuclei and cytoplam of ducta l cells to c-fos and c-jun, 2 1n the res ponses to c-fos, positive responses in nuclei and cytoplasms of the lining cells o[ the ad e nαd tissues, e pidermoid, and mucous cells in mucoepidermoid tumors are noted and in other tumor tissuses, negative nuclei wi th pos itive cyto plasms are revealed 3 1n the responses to c- jun, it is noted that positive r es ponse in nuclei and cytolasm i n the cells of adenoid tissues in pl eomorphic adenoma, epidermoid cell s, mucous cell in mucoe pi dermoid tumor but in other tumor s, only positive responses in cytoplasm are noted, Intensive r esponses on c-fos‘ c-jun were noted on the high a typical cells 1'his results suggest that c-fos and c-jun may be affected t o the reactivation on growt h and development of the salivary gland tumors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of c-fos and c-jun expression in the oral squamous cell carcinoma and ameloblastomas. For this study, 12 subjects diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 7 subjects of ameloblastomas referred to the Dept. of Oral Path. School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 2 subjects of normal oral mucosa without any inflammatory changes were used as experimental, control groups respectively. All the tissues ; experimental and control group were fixed in neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin, serial tissue section were made 5㎛ in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary and secondary antibodies, for c-fos (Anti-c-fos protein, rabbit polyclonal kit at 1:100 dilution), c-jun( anti-c-jun protein, rabbit polyclonal at 1:100 dilution), all BioGenex U.S.A. made, followed by the Streptavidin - Horse Radish Peroxidase(InnoGenex, Human-Avidin kit) application, counter stained with Mayer's hematoxylin stain method, mounted. And examined under the biologic microscope, with the criteria-(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and connective tissue component in squamous cell carcinomas, ameloblastomas and normal mucosal epithelium on each. Attained results as follows ; 1. In oral mucosa, c-fos and c-jun intensely expressed on the all cell layers except on the basal layer. Intense reaction is noted in the c-jun than in the c-fos. and a few cells with positive cytoplasm, negative nuclear are scattered in all layer. 2. The response to c-fos in ameloblastomas, is various according to the histological type, but intense resposes are nodted in nuclear and cytoplasm on the tall columnar cells at the periphery of the follicles compare to that on the stellate cells. 3. The respone to c-fos in squamous cell carcinoma, intense reaction is noted in cytoplasm and nuclei of the tumor cells in well differentiated, poorly differentiated type. 4. The response to c-jun in ameloblastoma, it is noted that moderate respone in nuclear and cytoplasm, at the tall columnar cells at the periphery of follicular or plexiform type but intense respone was notes on the columnar cells, and stellate cell in cytoplasm and nuclear of acanthomatous type. 5. The respon to c-jun in squamous cell carcinoma, it is noted that intensive responses only in cytoplasm in well differentiated type, but intensive responses in nuclei and cytoplasm in the poorly differentiated type are revealed. Intensive responses on c-fos, c-jun were noted on the high atypical cells. This results suggest that c-fos and c-jun may be affected to the reactivation on growth and development of the squamous cell carcinoma.

본 연구는 김창준(金昌俊) 목사의 설교 “最大의 模範”을 통해 ‘모범자 로서의 예수상’을 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 그는 베드로전서 2장 21절 말씀을 본문으로 설정하여 이 글을 작성했다. 본 연구에서는 김창준의 ‘모범자로서의 예수상’을 분석하기 위하여 1922년 『宗敎界 諸名士 講演集』 에 수록된 “最大의 模範”을 고찰했다. 첫째, ‘겸손’에 대해: 김창준이 생각한 그리스도인의 지고의 과업으로서 겸손의 기초적 원리가 무엇인지에 대해 살폈으며, 그 원리들로서 예수 그 리스도의 비하(卑下), 비하의 실제적 체험과 실천, 그리스도인의 공평무사 (公平無私)한 태도 등에 대해 논했다. 둘째, ‘책임감’에 대해: 책임감과 관련된 의미심장한 교훈들을 다루었으며, 그 예로서 구원을 성취하기 위한 그리스도의 헌신, 믿음과 행위의 일치 (信行一致), 자기성찰, 대소사 모든 소임에 최선을 다하는 신자의 삶 등을 고찰했다. 무엇보다도, 그는 그리스도인의 신앙과 열정적 사명감의 조화에 큰 비중을 두었다. 셋째, ‘이타적 사랑’에 대해: 김창준의 논리적 논증에 따라 이타적 사랑에 대해 살폈다. 그는 죄인들을 위한 예수 그리스도의 수난, 사도들과 초기 교회 성도들의 이웃을 위한 헌신적인 삶, 그리고 오늘날 그리스도인들의 이타적 사랑을 피력했다. 부연하여, 본 연구자는 향후 김창준과 관련된 연구가 확장되어 이 주제 외에도 ‘그의 신앙과 삼일독립운동’, ‘그의 신앙과 사회주의 사상’, ‘그의 목회사역’ 등 다방면의 연구로 진척되기를 바란다.

This thesis deals with comparing and observing 『Shim Kyoung』 which Donggo wrote to Nammyoung for a present as well as the books written by Nammyoung and Donggo, their growing background and learning, their positions as government officers, and 「Moojinbongsa」 and 「Byounginbongsa」, letters having written to show respect to the King There are more records about Nammyung in 『Donggoyugo』 than in 『Nammyoungjib』. However, I am aware of the fact that the two books have almost the same content in them. 「Nammyoungshimkyoungbal」 has exactly the same content as 『Donggoyugo』. According to the comparition of these two books, I found that Donggo had sent the medicine material, calenda, 『Shimkyoung』, and other things to Nammyoung. Then Nammyoung sent appreciation letters to Donggo. In 『Shimkyoung』, Donggo suggested to Nammyoung that he became a government officer, but Nammyoung was only interested in morality. Donggo sent his son to Deoksan to grieve Nammyoung's death. They had the different pedigrees. Nammyoung's forefathers, who live in Huubcheon, didn't have any big government ranks. However, Donggo's forefathers had high government ranks. In their backgrounds some things are the same and some things are different. The things that were different were that Nammyoung was born in a rural area and his father died when he was 6 years old, but Donggo was born in Seoul and his father died when he was 26 years old. The things they had in common were that they all struggled economically, their mothers were all very clever, and they were not the eldest sons in their families. As they had different pedigrees, in the end Nammyoung became a scholar and Donggo became responsible for the national property. When Nammyoung was studying, I suppose that he was taught about learning from his father. However, Donggo learned about it from Lee, Yeonkyoung and Mr. Thansoo. When they were staying in Hyubcheon and Sangju, I suppose that they went to Hwang, Hyoheon to study, Nammyoung didn't go to school but Donggo went to school. Nammyoung changed his career objectives due to failing the exam to be a government officer, but Donggo started the job as a government officer because he passed it. Nammyoung's highest rank in his life was only Hyunkam, but Donggo was Youngeujung. However, Nammyoung was appointed to a high position by the King. In 「Moojinbongsa」written by Nammyoung, he insisted on 'Respect', which is the important item of his consideration. It is the same that in 「Byounginbongsa」Donggo insisted on 'Harmony' which is an important item of his consideration. In 「Moojinbongsa」, he made clear the troubles of the government officers and suggested to the King that he treat all the problems of the government very strictly. In 「Byounginbongsa」, Donggo insisted harmony and advised that they have to prepare the following King through logic which to choose the talented men. I am aware that both of them did their best with their position at that time. When Doggo was 33 years old, he presented 『Shimkyoung』to Nammyoung. When Donggo gave that. I supposed that he transmitted Nammyoung 'Su-ki-chi-in'(to control themselves by learning) of the important spirit of Confucianism. Nammyoung decided to himself that he would try to study harder when he received the book. Both of them had lived differently but they always cared for their people. The fact Donggo gave a present, 『Shimkyoung』 to Nammyoung. After much consideration, study and hearing from our country's political leaders, I have become aware that there is now more study and consideration being given to our country.