Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) is an exceedingly rare gingival disease. Most LJSGH occur in children, predominantly on the labial gingiva of the maxilla, and exhibit clinical manifestations similar to pyogenic granuloma or puberty gingivitis. This report presents a case of LJSGH. A 15-year-old male referred for evaluation of red lesions on the labial gingiva of the maxillary anterior teeth. Clinical examination revealed redness and swelling of the labial marginal gingiva, with no associated pain. After an incisional biopsy, the lesion was histopathologically diagnosed as LJSGH. We present this case to suggest that LJSGH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with painless gingival redness and swelling. We also report that we have obtained satisfactory aesthetic results by applying CO2 laser to LJSGH.

CO2 photocatalytic reduction is a carbon–neutral renewable energy technology. However, this technology is restricted by the low utilization of photocatalytic electrons. Therefore, to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and enhance the performance of CO2 photocatalytic reduction. In this paper, g-C3N4/Pd composite with Schottky junction was synthesized by using g-C3N4, a two-dimensional material with unique interfacial effect, as the substrate material in combination with the co-catalyst Pd. The composite of Pd and g-C3N4 was tested to have a strong localized surface plasmon resonance effect (LSPR), which decreased the reaction barriers and improved the electron utilization. The combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) created a π–π conjugation effect at the g-C3N4 interface, which shortened the electron migration path and further improved the thermal electron transfer and utilization efficiency. The results show that the g-C3N4/ rGO/Pd (CRP) exhibits the best performance for photocatalytic reduction of CO2, with the yields of 13.57 μmol g− 1 and 2.73 μmol g− 1 for CO and CH4, respectively. Using the in situ infrared test to elucidate the intermediates and the mechanism of g-C3N4/rGO/Pd (CRP) photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This paper provides a new insight into the interface design of photocatalytic materials and the application of co-catalysts.

Carbon nanotube fiber is a promising material in electrical and electronic applications, such as, wires, cables, batteries, and supercapacitors. But the problem of joining carbon nanotube fiber is a main obstacle for its practical development. Since the traditional joining methods are unsuitable because of low efficiency or damage to the fiber structure, new methods are urgently required. In this study, the joining between carbon nanotube fiber was realized by deposited nickel–copper doublelayer metal via a meniscus-confined localized electrochemical deposition process. The microstructures of the double-layer metal joints under different deposition voltages were observed and studied. It turned out that a complete and defect-free joint could be fabricated under a suitable voltage of 5.25 V. The images of the joint cross section and interface between deposited metal and fiber indicated that the fiber structure remained unaffected by the deposited metal, and the introduction of nickel improved interface bonding of double-layer metal joint with fiber than copper joint. The electrical and mechanical properties of the joined fibers under different deposition voltages were studied. The results show that the introduction of nickel significantly improved the electrical and mechanical properties of the joined fiber. Under a suitable deposition voltage, the resistance of the joined fiber was 37.7% of the original fiber, and the bearing capacity of the joined fiber was no less than the original fiber. Under optimized condition, the fracture mode of the joined fibers was plastic fiber fracture.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the constraints on implementing task-based language teaching (TBLT) and strategies that make TBLT feasible with novice second language (L2) learners in college. When the researcher (a bilingual teacher) struggled to implement tasks into traditional English courses with almost 210 novice undergraduates throughout three separate semesters, a number of constraints were identified for the task syllabus, and TBLT was modified and adapted to a localized college-level context. The study was conducted over three 16-week-semesters, and its process was recorded in field notes. The findings demonstrated that there were four major constraints on implementing TBLT: 1) irrelevant topics in the coursebooks, 2) novice learners’ writing dependence and limited use of the second language, 3) excessive use of the first language, and 4) an irrelevant examination system. As four strategies to adapt TBLT in a local college context, the following were practiced and suggested: 1) a needs analysis is necessary, 2) instead of task-supported language teaching, a new hybrid form of TBLT and presentation-practice-production might work, 3) teaching English in English is necessary but specifying strategies for selective use of first language (L1) is needed, and 4) relevant tests are necessary. It is hoped that these findings will enrich the actual process from adoption to adaptation of localized TBLT for novice L2 learners in Korean colleges.

만성담낭염에 흔히 동반되는 담낭의 선근종증은 육안적 형태에 따라 분절형, 국소형, 미만형의 세가지로 분류할 수 있다. 선근종증에서 드물게 담낭암의 전구성병변이나 담낭암이 발생하기도 하는데, 대부분 분절형 선근종증에서 기원하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 담낭암의 전구성병변 중 하나인 담낭내 유두모양종양은 담낭의 점막 상피에서 기원하여 내강 내로 자라면서 용종이나 유두종을 형성하는 것이 일반적이다. 이번 증례에서 담낭 점막의 용종이나 유두종을 형성하지 않고 근육층에 국한되어 있으면서 국소형 선근종증에서 유래한 담낭내유두모양종양 1예를 보고하고자 한다.

In fashion marketing, celebrity endorsement is a widely-used strategy to gain attention and produce positive brand knowledge (Carroll, 2009). Luxury brands use their social media accounts to post pictures of celebrity endorsers using their products. This is an effective strategy because celebrity endorsement posts could encourage fans of the celebrity to repost, like or comment on this post. This is beneficial for the brand because this results in more brand exposures. The question is how luxury brands can use celebrity endorsements successfully in the digital age. For example, should luxury brands localize the celebrity endorsement in social media? The dilemma of standardization and localization becomes very significant when luxury brands are facing a culturally different market (Liu et al., 2016). This paper examines the effectiveness of localized celebrity endorsements for luxury brands in Chinese social media based on an analysis of online big data and two experiments. First, a multi-level analysis of the posts of 33 luxury brands suggests that localized (Chinese) celebrity endorsers trigger more social media interactions than standardized (Western) celebrity endorsers. Next, the following experimental studies reveal that local endorsers do not enhance perceived brand luxury and individuals’ level of patriotism moderates the effect of localized (vs. standardized) celebrity endorsements on perceived brand luxury. For people with lower level of patriotism, localized celebrity endorsements reduce the perceived brand luxury. In contrast, for people with higher level of patriotism, localized celebrity endorsements lead to higher perceived brand luxury.

We improve the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) of a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by preparing a working electrode (WE) with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) by inducing Au thin films with thickness of 0.0 to 5.0 nm, deposited via sputtering. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the blocking layer (BL) of the Au thin films. Micro-Raman measurement was employed to confirm the LSPR effect, and a solar simulator and potentiostat were used to evaluate the photovoltaic properties, including the impedance and the I-V of the DSSC of the Au thin films. The results of the microstructural analysis confirmed that nano-sized Au agglomerates were present at certain thicknesses. The photovoltaic results show that the ECE reached a value of 5.34% with a 1-nm thick-Au thin film compared to the value of 5.15 % without the Au thin film. This improvement was a result of the increase in the LSPR of the TiO2 layer that resulted from the Au thin film coating. Our results imply that the ECE of a DSSC may be improved by coating with a proper thickness of Au thin film on the BL.

본 논문에서는 헤테로 애피택시(heteroepitaxy) 박막의 표면확산계수를 국부적으로 제어하여 표면에서 형성되는 나노구조물이 정렬되는 과정을 수치해석적으로 연구하였다. 격자 불일치 물질계(lattice-mismatched materials system)의 탄성변형에너지와 표면자유에너지, 그리고 습윤에너지를 고려하여 박막의 변형거동에 대한 지배방정식을 도출하였으며, 확산계수의 활성화 조건이 성장에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 해석결과는 주기함수 형식으로 표면확산계수를 제어하면 표면구조물이 배열형태로 정렬됨을 나타내며, 이는 노광 및 식각 과정을 거쳐야 하는 포토리소그래피(photolithography)로부터 탈피한 바텀업(bottom-up) 방식의 공정방법에 규칙성을 부여하여 차세대 나노기기의 개발에 일조할 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, we investigated localized surface plasmon resonance and the related coupling phenomena with respect to various geometric parameters of Ag nanoparticles, including the size and inter-particle distance. The plasmon resonances of Ag nanoparticles were studied using three-dimensional finite difference time domain(FDTD) calculations. From the FDTD calculations, we discovered the existence of a symmetric and an anti-symmetric plasmon coupling modes in the coupled Ag nanoparticles. The dependence of the resonance wavelength with respect to the inter-particle distance was also investigated, revealing that the anti-symmetric mode is more closely correlated with the inter-particle distance of the Ag nanoparticles than the symmetric mode. We also found that higher order resonance modes are appeared in the extinction spectrum for closely spaced Ag nanoparticles. Plasmon resonance calculations for the Ag particles coated with a SiO2 layer showed enhanced plasmon coupling due to the strengthened plasmon resonance, suggesting that the inter-particle distance of the Ag nanoparticles can be estimated by measuring the transmission and absorption spectra with the plasmon resonance of symmetric and anti-symmetric localized surface plasmons.

Primary localized amyloidosis of the palate is a rare condition. We present a case of localized amyloidosis of the palate of a 49-year-old Korean female who suffered from asymptomatic nodular swelling. Microscopic examination revealed extensive deposition of pale eosinophilic amorphous material throught the lamina propria and within the walls of small blood vessels. A diagnosis of localized amyloidosis was made after the biopsy revealed characteristic staining on Congo red, and an extensive workup for systemic involvement was negative. Localized amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of palatal nodular lesions

29-year-old female with chronic renal failure and a history of hemodialysis during 10 years showed localized jaw enlargement in the anterior mandible. She also revealed increased serum PTH level, osteosclerosis in her skull base and facial bone, chronic pain in the both knee joint, and gastrointestinal disorder which are symptoms of renal osteodystrophy. The patient was diagnosed hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure. Parathyroidectomy was performed, however, serum PTH level increased again after the parathyroidectomy, the affected area of the mandible was enlarged as the serum PTH level increased. The enlarged area seemed like as peripheral lesion clinically. We reported a case of localized jaw enlargement as oral manifestation in renal osteodystrophy.