This paper investigates the effect of seashell (SS) powders of 75 μm size, reinforced in multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-added nylon 66 polymer composite, by studying its mechanical and thermal properties for suitable application in the automotive industry. Seashells were collected from the seashores and the mechanical ball milling method is employed to ground the SSs into powders using a sieve machine, and the desired particulate size of 75 μm is obtained. These particulate SSs are reinforced in the matrix of nylon 66 in different proportions, viz., 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% by weight along with 1 wt.% of MWCNTs. Twin-screw extruder and injection molding are employed to prepare the testing specimens. Mechanical and thermal tests were carried out as per ASTM standards. From the mechanical and thermal analyses, it is observed that tensile strength and coefficient of linear thermal expansion decrease with an increase in SS content, whereas flexural strength, shore hardness, impact strength, Vicat softening point, and heat deflection temperature rise with higher wt.% of SSs. This is owing to the thermoplastic’s decreased flexibility, which increases its resilience to deflection and load and its high thermal stability. The added MWCNTs improved the bonding strength and mechanical properties due to their higher surface areato- volume ratio.

반도체 제조공정 중 포토리소그래피는 반도체 제조 중 핵심 기술이며 웨이퍼위에 나노급의 패턴을 제조하는 공정이다. 웨이퍼상의 패턴이 나노급으로 작아지면서 더욱 정밀한 공정을 위하여 photo-resist 용액의 정제 기술이 매우 중요하다. photo-resist 용액 내 soft particle은 포토리소그래피 공정 중 불량을 유발하는데, 현재 개발되어진 멤브레인은 soft particle 제거 성능이 낮다. 따라서 photo-resist 용액 내 soft particle을 제거하기 위하여 PE 지지체 위에 Nylon 고분자를 함침하여 soft particle 정제 특성을 살펴보았다. 또한 팔라듐 나노입자를 합성하여 투과 특성실험에 사용하였다.

This study examined the color reproducibility and color fastness of digital textile printing for nylon sublimation transfer. After measuring the temperature and time suited to nylon sublimation transfer, the researchers conducted various tests for comparison and analysis including polyester transfer paper on polyester fabric to check dyeing characteristics, color change, sharpness, and the rubbing fastness of the dyeing samples for nylon sublimation transfer. These tests produced the following results. At 185℃ and 187℃, the sublimation transfer dyeing characteristics of nylon were similar to those of polyester and the researchers even observed superior color development in some colors; at a low temperature of 180℃, the sample that was worked on had the lowest level of color development. The examination of color difference (ΔE), which compared L*a*b* values, showed that the ΔE value of magenta was 10.34, that of yellow was 24.70, and that of black was 15.28. These results highlight the important role of heat treatment temperature and time on color development in nylon sublimation transfer. Concerning sharpness, the samples subjected to higher temperature heat treatment exhibited fewer color spreading phenomena around lines. Thus, dyeing properties and fastness can be enhanced by elongating time at low temperatures and shortening time at high temperatures; however, considering production time constraints as well as the need to produce industrially marketable quantities, the findings of this study suggest that the heat treatment temperature most suitable for nylon sublimation transfer is 187℃ for a duration of 50 seconds.

The food components of red sea bream(Pagrus major) cultured in copper alloy(brass) net(BN) and nylon net(NN) cages for nine months were investigated. The body weight was 234.9g at the beginning of the culture(the young fish), and then 692.1g(BN group) and 549.3g(NN group) at the fish cultured for nine months(the nine-month culture fish). The moisture content of the edible portion of the fish was higher in the young fish than in the nine-month culture fish. On the contrary, the lipid content was higher in the latter (9.1-10.6%) than in the former (7.6%).　 The lipid content in the nine-month culture fish was slightly higher in the BN group compared to the NN group. There was little difference in protein content between the young fish and the nine-month culture fish, or between the BN and NN groups. There was a slightly higher level of copper content in the liver (5ppm in the young fish and 5-6ppm in the nine-month culture fish) compared to the edible portions (1ppm in the young fish and 3-4ppm in the nine-month culture fish), but no difference was evident between the BN and NN groups. The prominent fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3, and 18:0 in the edible portions of the young and cultured fish. The n-3 fatty acid content was slightly richer in the BN group.

A series of field tests to estimate the size selectivity of monofilament and multifilament gill net for marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae, were carried out 12 times with five different mesh sizes (86.6, 101.0, 121.2, 137.7 and 151.5mm) in the western sea of Korea from 2007 to 2009. The master selection curve was estimated by the extended Kitahara’s method. The total number of catch species was 23 and that of catch was 1,688 in the field tests. Marbled sole of total catch was 1,150 with 68.1 percent. In the monofilament trammel net, the optimum value of total length (TL) per mesh size (m) for 1.0 of retention probability was estimated 0.280 and the values of TL/m were estimated to be 0.187, 0.201, 0.210, 0.218 and 0.226 when the retention probability were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. In the multifilament trammel net, the optimum value of TL/m for 1.0 of retention probability was estimated 0.307 and the values of TL/m were estimated to be 0.195, 0.211, 0.222, 0.232 and 0.241 when the retention probability were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively.

본 연구는 에어제트텍스쳐링 장치에서 공급되는 코어사와 이펙트사인 아라미드와 나일론의 구성이 방호의류 용 아라미드/나일론 ATY와 아라미드 ATY의 물성변화에 대한 연구이다. 아라미드 필라멘트 표면의 매끄러움 때 문에 아라미드 ATY의 강도 저하는 나일론 ATY에 비해 훨씬 높았다. 아라미드/나일론 ATY 강도는 ATY의 이펙 트사인 나일론의 강도에 가장 영향을 많이 받았다. 나일론 ATY의 절단신도는 에어제트텍스쳐링 이전의 나일론 에 비해 두 배정도 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 아라미드 ATY와 아라미드/나일론 ATY는 에어제트텍스쳐링 이전에 비해 5.9~6.7배 정도로 높았다. 아라미드 ATY의 초기탄성률은 아라미드의 에어제트텍스쳐링 이전에 비해 86.5% 정도 감소하였으며, 아라미드/나일론 ATY의 초기탄성률은 아라미드 ATY와 나일론 ATY 초기탄성률의 산술평균치를 나타내었다. 아라미드/나일론 하이브리드 ATY의 습․건열 수축률은 나일론의 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다.

To estimate the mesh selectivity of gillnet for ocellate spot skate (Okamejei kenojei), the field tests were carried out 12 times with six different mesh sizes (121.2mm, 137.7mm, 151.5mm, 168.3mm, 178.2mm, 189.4mm) in the coastal waters of Taean, Chungcheongnamdo of Korea, 2010~2011. In the field tests, the total number of species was 31, and that of catch was 1,410 and the total weight was 618,006g. The number and weight of ocellate spot skate which is main target in this study were 1,004 and 434,592g, respectively. The catch in number of ocellate spot skate occupied about 71.2% in total catch. The others of catch species were marbled sole (8.4%), sea raven (4.4%), japanese swimming crab (4.2%) and flatfish (4.1%) and so on. The range of body disk width (DW) of ocellate spot skates which were caught in this study was 15.2~35cm and the mode was 27~29cm. The estimation equation of mesh selectivity using the extended Kitahara's method was expressed as s (R)=s(DW/m)=exp{(-0.56R3-1.80R2+12.96R-9.99)-4.26}. The optimum value of DW/m for 1.0 of retention probability in this estimation equation was estimated 1.899 and DW/m was estimated to be 1.194, 1.314, 1.395, 1.461 and 1.520 when the retention probability were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. When applied to the retention probability of 0.5, the optimum mesh size was estimated to be 177.0mm on first maturity disk width 26.9cm of ocellate spot skate.

Compatibility and properties of PP/N66 blends with or without PP-g-MAH as a compatibilizer were investigated by DSC, SEM and universal testing machine. Morphological studies revealed that PP and N66 were incompatible and addition of PP-g-MAH was very effective to enhance the compatibility between PP and N66. The compatibilization effect between N66 and PP-g-MAH was based on the reaction between the amine end group of N66 and anhydride group in PP-g-MAH. The crystallization and melting behavior of PP/N66 blends were investigated and the results of analyses for enthalpy changed were discussed. The Izod impact strength could be improved by optimizing the compatibilizer concentration. Tensile strength, elongation at break, notched Izod impact strength were increased with using compatibilizer, however, both the compatibilized and the noncompatibilizer blends did not show any big difference in the flexural modulus.

Field tests were carried out with five different mesh sizes (86.6, 101.0, 121.2, 137.7, 151.5mm) to study the relative efficiency of monofilament and multifilament gill net for Marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae, in the western sea of Korea, 2007-2009. The relative efficiency was analyzed by length distribution, catch in number, catch in weight and weight per individual for Marbled sole. Statistical T-test was done to verify the efficiency between two gears. In the field tests, the total body length range, catch in number and weight of Marbled sole was 15.8-48.2cm, 728 and 254,939g, respectively. During the field tests, Marbled sole less than 15cm length which is prohibition size of fishing was not caught, but the caught number of Marbled sole less than 19.5cm length which is first maturity length was 13 (1.8%) and the caught number of Marbled sole more than 19.5cm was 715 (98.2%). Catches of monofilament gill net was average 1.4 times more efficient than multifilament gill net. The weight per individual and total length by mesh sizes in the two gears tended to gradually increase according to mesh size increasing. But there was little difference of weight per individual and total length by mesh sizes between two gears.

To estimate the mesh selectivity of monofilament and multifilament gill net for Marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae, the field testes were carried out 12 times with five different mesh sizes (86.6, 101.0, 121.2, 137.7, 151.5mm) in the western sea of Korea, 2007-2009. The master curve of selectivity was estimated by the extended Kitahara's method. In the field testes, the total number of species and catch were 26 and 987, respectively. The catch number of marbled sole was 728 and occupied 73.8% in total catch. The optimum values of l/m for 1.0 of retention probability in monofilament and multifilament gill net were estimated 0.288 and 0.307, respectively and l/m was estimated to be 0.189, 0.203, 0.213, 0.222 and 0.230 in case of monofilament gill net and 0.171, 0.191, 0.205, 0.216 and 0.227 in case of multifilament gill net when the retention probability were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. The 0.5 selection range of multifilament gill net was wider about 1.5 times than that of monofilament gill net according as multifilament gill net was 0.216 and monofilament gill net was 0.148. So the multifilament gill net has a low selectivity than that of the monofilament gill net. To estimate the optimum mesh size on first maturity length 19.5cm of marbled sole, the retention probability value of 0.1 was adopted in consideration of using the gill net for marbled sole at present. The optimum mesh size were estimated to be 103.2mm and 114.0mm in monofilament gill net and multifilament gill net, respectively, on first maturity length 19.5cm of marbled sole.

In order to cope with risk issues of overseas on 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-MDA) known to used in the production of polyamide resins, we investigated on 4,4'-MDA migration from plastic cooking utensils. 93 samples of plastic cooking utensils were collected from the retail markets in 7 major cities of Korea during March to June, 2007 and 4,4'-MDA levels migrated to food simulants, water, 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol and n-heptane, on plastic cooking utensils was quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 4,4'- MDA was detected in 14 samples, and the levels of 4,4'-MDA migrated to food simulants were in the range of 0.001 ~ 0.026 ppm. Among them, the 4,4'-MDA migration amounts of 2 samples were above 0.01 ppm defined by the EU.

본 연구에서는 유체시스템을 이용한 나일론 필라멘트의 실크감성화 기술을 연구하였다. 이를 위해서 타스란 텍스쳐링 ATY 기계를 개조하였으며, 4가지의 40d/12f 나일론 소재가 개조된 ATY기계에서 기능성 약제를 이용하여 만들어졌다. 이들 소재사를 사용하여 4가지 직물이 제조되어 염색 가공 공정을 진행시켰다. 그리고 이들 직물시료의 수분율, UV차단성, 직물태등과 같은 여러 가지 물성을 측정하였으며, 이들 물성을 ATY텍스쳐링 조건과 기능제 처리조건과 비교 분석하였다.

To determine the relative efficiency and mesh selectivity of gill net for the Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, a series of fishing experiments was carried out in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from August 13 to October 13 in 2002, using gill nets of different mesh size(30, 33, 35, 37, 39 and 42mm) constructed from two kinds of twine material(monofilament, twisted multifilament nylon web). The relative efficiency of two material gears was expressed as the ratio obtained by dividing monofilament catch by multifilament catch in number. The master selection curve of each material gear was estimated by applying the extended Kitahara's method. The catch of experimental gears is mostly Pacific saury(98.6%), Cololabis saira. The kinds of bycatch are common squid(0.7%), Pacific mackerel(0.6%), etc. Catch comparisons in the two gears showed that monofilament nylon nets are 1.7 times more efficient. The optimum values in monofilament and multifilament gill net for Pacific saury are 8.28 and 8.23, respectively.

This paper describes the physical properties of filled Nylon6 composites resin with nano-sized carbon black particle and graphite nanofibers prepared by melt extrusion method. In improving adhesions between resin and fillers, the surface of the carbon filler materials were chemically modified by thermo-oxidative treatments and followed by treatments of silane coupling agent. Crystallization temperature and rate of crystallization increased with increases in filler concentration which would act as nuclei for crystallization. The silane treatments on the filler materials showed effect of reduction in crystallization temperature, possibly from enhancement in wetting property of the surface of the filler materials. Percolation transition phenomenon at which the volume resistivity was sharply decreased was observed above 9 wt% of carbon black and above 6 wt% of graphite nanofiber. The graphite nanofibers contributed to more effectively in an increase in electrical conductivity than carbon black did, on the other hand, the silane coupling agent negatively affected to the electrical conductivity due to the insulating property of the silane. Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) phenomenon, was observed as usual in other composites, that is, temperature increase results conductivity increase. The dispersity of the fillers were excellently approached by melt extrusion of co-rotational twin screw type and it could be illustrated by X-ray diffraction and SEM.

망사시험관 및 유리시험관에서 톱다리개미허리노린재의 약충발육, 성충수명 및 산란수를 비교하였다. 약충기간은 유리시험관(20일)보다 망사시험관(약 21일)에서 약 1일 길었는데, 이러한 차이는 주로 5령충의 발육기간에 기인되었다. 우화율은 유리시험관()보다 망사시험관()에서 높았다. 성충수명은 유리시험관보다 망사시험관에서 암컷이 약 4.1배, 수컷이 약 6배 길었다. 산란전기간은 유리시험관보다 망사시험관에서 약 1일 길었으며, 산란수는 유리시험관보다 망사시험관에서 약 3.5배 많았다. 산란지속기간은 망사 시험관에서 약 30일, 유리시험관에서 약 8일 이었다. 따라서 톱다리개미허리 노린재의 발육특성을 정확하게 구명하기 위해선 공기유통이 원활한 망사시험관을 사용하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단되었다.

This study evaluated the efficiency and compared with different materials of loading vessels for vitrification-plastic/glass, copper grid and nylon. The loading method, vitrification, cryop-reservation and warming method of the oocytes were examined. The loading samples prepared in manual or company-made and sterilized, loaded the COCs selected on each samples and cultured for maturation during 40 hours, and then exposed sequentially to ethylene glycol solution. Thawing method was reversely treated and exposed for warmed oocytes. After oocytes were thawed, fertilized and cultured in vitro for 3-4 hours, rates of development and morphological appearance were examined. The results were as summarized: ㆍOPS from company-made or hand-made of the hematocrit micropipettes, NLS from fishing line and EMG from company-made for EM were used for loading oocytes, respectively. ㆍThe efficiency of freezing method and loading convenience were orderly higher in OPS, NLS and EMG. The optimal capacity per vessel was orderly lowered in NLS, EMG and OPS, respectively. ㆍAfter oocytes were warmed, the recovery rate, morphology and rate of development were orderly higher in OPS, NLS and EMG, respectively. ㆍIn conclusion, OPS has the advantages of achieving a little more survival and preserving results than other two loading methods.