The need for high-performance environmental remediation has increased due to the environment’s ongoing degradation in the form of significant growth in industrialization and urbanization. Therefore, the toxic heavy metals can easily enter into environmental as well as foods and thus the search of clean water for drinking, household and irrigation purposes is of crucial importance. To meet this challenge, microelectrodes are flexible, low-cost and easier for fabrication has become the strong role in the detection of heavy metals with high sensitivity towards higher adsorption of heavy metals from contaminated water. To improve the sensitivity of the microelectrodes, carbon-based microelectrodes decorated with nanomaterials have been explored for the detection of metal ions thereby their presence in trace levels can be estimated. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent developments in carbon-based microelectrodes for the electrochemical determination of heavy metals. It is followed by the various nanomaterials decorated on the carbon microelectrodes for detection of heavy metals was systematically discussed. Finally, the application and the future perspectives in the development of smart electrochemical sensing is provided. This short review will provide the useful information for the recent development in microelectrodes and also guide the pathway for the detection of heavy metals.

본 연구는 청소년의 온라인 활용에서 부모의 적극적 중재, 디지털 리터러시, 온라인 기회, 그리고 자기조절 등에 미치는 영향을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 연 구 목적을 달성하기 위해 중·고등학생을 대상으로 2022년 2월 26일부터 3월 12 일까지 2주 동안 인스타그램을 통한 온라인 설문조사를 활용하여 수집하였으며, 응답한 469부의 데이터를 이용하여 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석을 위해서 SPSS와 Smart PLS 프로그램을 활용하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 부모의 적극적 중 재는 디지털 리터러시, 온라인 기회, 자기조절에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 디지털 리터러시는 온라인 기회, 자기조절을 높이는 것으로 나타 났으며, 자기조절은 온라인 기회를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 부모의 적극적 중재와 온라인 기회의 관계에서 디지털 리터러시, 자기조절의 경로가 매 개 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 시사점은 부모 중재와 온라인 기회 관계에 있어 디지털 리터러시와 청소년의 자기조절 능력이 영향을 미치는지를 살 펴본 것이다.

Emotion AI, a subset of AI that measures, understands, responds to, and elicits human emotions, is an emerging area that has great potential for advertising research and practice. Studies on the applicability of emotion AI in advertising and marketing have been growing in academic journals. This rapidly burgeoning scholarship creates a need for advertising scholars to comprehend the current status of the research on emotion AI in advertising as well as opportunities and challenges that this new technological development will bring to. Thus, this study aims to offer an overview of research on emotion AI in advertising to identify the scope of existing research, gaps in knowledge, and opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.

In recent years, India has consistently increased its production of small fruits. India is the second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally, with a diverse range of small fruits grown across the country. Small fruits, such as kiwifruit and blueberries, are in high demand due to the growing popularity of healthier food options and increased awareness of their associated health benefits. However, the current status of small fruit production in India is substantially lower than that of other fruit crops. Nonetheless, there has been a growing interest in small fruit production, particularly in regions with suitable climatic conditions. Currently, only two types of small fruit are commercially produced in India: grapes and Indian jujube/ber. Three other fruit types, strawberries, blueberries, and kiwi, have production areas of less than 10,000 ha each. Despite the growing interest in small fruit production, several challenges, such as the lack of good planting materials, productivity issues, lack of packaging facilities, and marketing networks for farmers, need to be addressed to enhance the prospects for small fruit production in India. Future studies should focus on several areas to overcome these challenges. Firstly, it is crucial to understand the specific resource constraints that small fruit producers face and develop strategies to improve their access to essential resources, including planting materials, land, water, and financial support. Secondly, innovative marketing strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of small fruit production in India should be employed to expand domestic and international market opportunities. Lastly, adopting appropriate technologies and sustainable production practices is necessary to improve productivity and mitigate environmental impacts. Overall, the prospects for small fruit production in India appear promising, given the growing demand for healthier food options and the expanding domestic and international markets for small fruits.

There is no doubt that the BRICS countries established in 2000-01, have already made their mark on the international stage. Increasing relations among BRICS countries with less developed nations through south-south cooperation, especially, China, India, and Russia and with least developed countries are of significant importance. BRICS has been the forerunner of cooperation, collaboration and reformation of the present international governance structure and to move towards multilateralism. Over the years, BRICS has become a platform of, and for the developing countries. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has created divisions in the world, impacting diplomatic relations that BRICS needs to address. The fact that Russia is the member of BRICS makes things complicated and new challenges has emerged for the bloc to take necessary actions and policy considerations. The article examines the challenges and opportunities for BRICS (as a bloc) amid Russia-Ukraine conflict in a post pandemic world.

Investors must adopt profitable investment opportunities to maximize their wealth. Almost all investment, finance, engineering economics textbooks explain that net present value (NPV) measures the profitability (or value) of investment opportunities in absolute size, and internal rate of return (IRR) measures the profitability of investment opportunities in relative proportions. However, NPV is a measure of the relative size of the return on investment opportunity to do-nothing alternative. Moreover, IRR can occur in multiple investment opportunities and may not exist. To make matters worse, IRR and NPV also have conflicting problems in accept-or-reject decisions. In this study, the reason why NPV and IRR cannot accurately measure the profitability of investment opportunities is identified, and fundamental characteristics that investment opportunity profitability measures should have are presented.

This study analyzed the performance of the national fishing port development project, which lacked ex-post impact evaluation despite a lot of investment in terms of fishery income opportunities. Using micro data from the Census of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, the sales amount of fishery products and the proportion of fishery-related businesses were used as performance indicators. The fishery households in the fishing port area (treatment group) and those not in the area (control group) were classified through data pre-processing, and factors unrelated to the fishing ports were controlled using the propensity score matching difference-in-difference method. The analysis target is six fishing ports with large investment in from 2010 to 2014. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the sales of fishery products increased significantly in four of the six fishing ports, and the proportion of fishery-related businesses increased in two fishing ports. The analysis method of this study can be fully utilized in the evaluation of the Fishing Community New Deal 300 Project, which is in need of performance analysis.

우간다에서 쌀은 식량, 농가소득 및 안보를 위한 전략적 작물로 목화, 커피, 옥수수에 이어 우간다의 농업 전략 계획 (ASSP)에서 우선순위12개 작물 중 4번째로 선정될 정도로 매우 중요한 작물이다. 쌀은 생산 측면에서 옥수수에 이어 두 번째로 중요한 곡물이다. 최근 우간다에서는 쌀 소비가 빠르게 증가함과 동시에 매년 쌀 수입 또한 비례적으로 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 쌀의 소비 증가는 우간다 쌀 생산량의 90%를 차지하는 소규모 재배 농민들에게 엄청난 경제적 기회를 제공하고 있는데 이는 쌀은 다른 곡물에 비해 상대적으로 훨씬 높은 금액으로 판매되고 이익 또한 높기 때문에 현금 작물로서 벼 재배 면적이 빠르게 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 벼 생산성은 여전히 낮은 수준인데, 이는 주로 수확량이 적은 쌀 품종의 사용, 개선 된 품종의 종자에 대한 농부의 접근 제한, 낙후된 재배 기술, 비료 및 농약 사용이 매우 저조하기 때문이다. 우간다의 쌀 재배 현황과 여건에 대하여 조사한 바는 아래와 같이 정리할 수 있다. 1. 쌀 생산을 위한 기후적 여건: 연평균 강수량은 1,180 mm 정도이고 연평균 기온은18도에서 35도 사이로 벼 재배에 좋은 기후적 여건이다. 2. 주요 재배 지역: 우간다에는 3곳의 주요 벼 재배 중심지역이 있다. 동쪽 지역은 주로 관개시설과 강수에 의존하는 밭 벼를 재배하고 있으며, 북쪽과 중서부 지역은 논벼를 주로 재배하고 있다. 우간다 쌀 생산량의 90%를 차지하는 소규모 재배 농민들은 주로 위의 3지역에서 벼를 생산하고 있다. 3. 벼 생산성에 영향을 미치는 요소들: 제한적 관개시설과 기계화, 그리고 양질의 종자 부족과 낮은 수준의 농업기술 등이 낮은 생산성의 주요 요소들이며, 수확 후 관리 기술과 저 장 시설 부족, 충분하지 못한 재정적 지원 그리고 병해충 등의 요소들이 있다. 4. 주요 벼 품종: 우간다 현지에서 주로 재배되는 벼 품종은 9종으로서 다음과 같다. Namche, Komboka, Kaiso, Wita 9, Basmat 370, IR 64, Supa, Buyu 및 NERICA 품종이다. 5. 농촌진흥청 한-아프리카 농식품 기술협력 협의(KAFACI)를 통해 높은 생산성과 질병 저항성을 목적으로 개발 후 육종 된 두 한국 품종(KAF-172-67과 KAF-304-287)은 우간다에서 등록절차가 진행될 예정이다.

The advance of information technology with governmental support allows researchers to utilize big data to conduct rigorous rehabilitation-related studies in both the United States and Korea. While big data research has been actively conducted in the United States, few Korean rehabilitation scientists currently conduct big data research. In this paper, we discuss the existing rehabilitation-related big data in Korea and introduce the current big data research trends in the United States. In addition, we provide potential research areas by discussing the previous big data studies in the United States, including 1) functional outcomes, 2) geographical variation, 3) linkage of a population-based cohort to hospital data, 4) cross-national comparison, and 5) scale development. We also discuss various statistical methods required in big data research and compare how these methods differ compared to the traditional research methods in rehabilitation research. Lastly, we discuss the importance of workforce development in rehabilitation-related big data research. We hope this paper will provide occupational therapy scientists and clinicians with practical and useful information about big data research and accelerate big data rehabilitation research communities in Korea.

Cumulative effects are defined as the joint and aggregated effects of many factors and processes. Their consideration in landscape and environmental assessments are integral at both the project and strategic level, and they can help to bridge the different spatial and temporal scales. The primary challenge of conducting cumulative effect assessments (CEAs) is the difficulty in understanding the complicated nature of cumulative effects. We used three criteria for a systematic understanding of the barriers to addressing cumulative effects that are critical for improving knowledge systems for sustainable development and environmental assessment: salience, credibility, and legitimacy, and analyzed three cases through a variety of studies and resources: the Middle Humber in the U.K., the Transboundary Crown of the Continent in the U.S. and Canada, and the Great Sandhills in Canada, to understand how CEAs have been applied and obstructed in terms of the three criteria. In addition, a series of focus group interviews with experts and practitioners were performed to illuminate the critical barriers based on the criteria for addressing CEA in the context of South Korea. Based on the lessons, we suggest several key strategies such as securing a cooperative consulting process, and active and transparent partnerships; using a strategic environmental assessment as a framework; understanding and incorporating stakeholder knowledge; using advanced computer modeling and simulation techniques including effective visualization tools; and preparing a simple model design and understandable scientific information.