Agriculture is a pivotal player in the climate change narrative, contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while offering potential mitigation solutions. This study delved into agriculture’s climate impact. It comprehensively analysed emissions from diverse agricultural sources, carbon sequestration possibilities, and the repercussions of agricultural emissions on climate and ecosystems. The study began by contextualising the historical and societal importance of agricultural GHG emissions within the broader climate change discourse. It then discussed into GHG emitted from agricultural activities, examining carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions individually, including their sources and mitigation strategies. This research extended beyond emissions, scrutinising their effects on climate change and potential feedback loops in agricultural systems. It underscored the importance of considering both the positive and negative implications of emissions reduction policies in agriculture. In addition, the review explored various avenues for mitigating agricultural emissions and categorised them as sustainable agricultural practices, improved livestock management, and precision agriculture. Within each category, different subsections explain innovative methods and technologies that promise emissions reduction while enhancing agricultural sustainability. Furthermore, the study addressed carbon sequestration and removal in agriculture, focussing on soil carbon sequestration, afforestation, and reforestation. It highlighted agriculture’s potential not only to reduce emissions, but also to serve as a carbon reservoir, lowering overall GHG impact. The research also scrutinised the multifaceted nature of agriculture, examining the obstacles hindering mitigation strategies, including socioeconomic constraints and regulatory hurdles. This study emphasises the need for equitable and accessible solutions, especially for smallholder farmers. It envisioned the future of agricultural emissions reduction, emphasising the advancements in measurement, climate-smart agricultural technologies, and cross-sectoral collaboration. It highlighted agriculture’s role in achieving sustainability and resilience amid a warming world, advocating collective efforts and innovative approaches. In summary, this comprehensive analysis recognised agriculture’s capacity to mitigate emissions while safeguarding food security, biodiversity, and sustainable development. It presents a compelling vision of agriculture as a driver of a sustainable and resilient future.

본 연구는 다년생 목본작물인 과수 바이오매스 부문의 온실가스 배출･흡수량을 우리나라 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 보고 시 고려되어야 할 적정 산정 방법을 모색하고자 수행되었다. IPCC 가이드라인에 따라 적정 산정 수준을 모색한 결과, 향후 우리나라에 알맞은 적정 산정 수준 (Tier)은 국가 고유의 활동자료와 국가 고유 배출흡수계수를 활용하는 수준 2 (Tier 2)로 나타났다. 국가 고유 배출흡수계수가 없어 수준 1 (Tier 1)을 적용해야 하는 현 시점에서는 매년 활동자료인 과수 재배면적 통계를 발표하기 때문에 손실획득법보다 축적차이법으로 산정하는 것이 적정하다. 수준 2에서 시범 산정한 결과, 이 부문의 상대적으로 낮은 중요도와 산정의 단순성 및 비용을 고려할 경우, 활동자료에 있어 단순화한 하위 범주를 사용하고 성숙목과 미성숙목을 구분하지 않는 것이 적정하다. 반면 온실가스 감축정책에 따른 반응성을 고려한다면, 성숙목과 미성숙목을 구분하는 접근 방법이 적정하다. 산정된 탄소축적량의 불확도는 활동자료보다는 국가 고유 배출계수의 불확도에 의해 크게 좌우되어 향후 신뢰도 높은 국가 고유 배출계수의 개발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

Indoor air contaminated with various pollutants commonly poses a risk to human health, and the need for installing air purifiers has been increasing. However, in commercial air purifiers pollutants-removal efficiency and durability are generally low. Since silver nano-composites are known to have catalytic oxidation and antibacterial capacities, it was anticipated to be applicable for indoor air purifiers. In this study, silver nano-composites were applied to granular activated carbon and scrubber solutions to treat a mixture of three air pollutants including toluene, formaldehyde, and bioaerosol. In the activated carbon deposited with silver nano-particles, the specific surface area decreased, resulting in a 10% loss of adsorption capacity for toluene. However, the removal efficacy of formaldehyde and bioaerosol increased by 10% due to the catalytic oxidation and antibacterial capacities. In the scrubber operation with silver nano-particles, the removal rates of formaldehyde and bioaerosol improved by 20%, while toluene removal was not observed. When the activated carbon column and the scrubber was connected in series, toluene was mainly removed by the activated carbon, and the removal rates of formaldehyde and bioaerosol increased in the presence of silver nano-particles. Consequently, for the improvement of indoor air quality, it is deemed appropriate to apply silver nano-material to indoor environments contaminated with pollutant mixtures.

Odor emitted from food waste is commonly known as a severe problem, and needs to be controlled to minimize public complaints against food waste collection systems. In this study, ozone oxidation with manganese oxide catalyst, which is known to effectively treat odorous substances at room temperature, was applied to remove acetaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide, the model odorous compounds from food waste. In addition, the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the ozone/catalyst oxidation was tested at 40%, 60%, and 80%. When the catalyst was not applied, the removal of acetaldehyde was not observed with the ozone oxidation alone. In addition, hydrogen sulfide was slowly oxidized without a clear relationship under RH conditions. Meanwhile, the ozone oxidation rates for acetaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide substantially increased in the presence of the catalyst, but the removal efficiencies for both compounds decreased with increasing RH. Under the high RH conditions, active oxygen radicals, which were generated by ozone decomposition on the surface of the catalyst, were presumably absorbed and reacted with moisture, and the decomposition rate of the odorous compounds might be limited. Consequently, when the ozone oxidation device with a catalyst was applied to control odor from food waste, RH must be taken into account to determine the removal rates of target compounds. Moreover, its effect on the system performance must be carefully evaluated.

Odor compounds and air-born microorganisms are simultaneously emitted from various aeration processes such as aerobic digestion, food-waste compositing, and carcass decomposition facilities that are biologically-treating wastes with high organic contents. The air streams emitted from these processes commonly contain sulfur-containing odorous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide(H2S) and bacterial bioaerosols. In this study, a wet-plasma method was applied to remove these air-born pollutants and to minimize safety issues. In addition, the effects of a gas retention time and a liquid-gas ratio were evaluated on removal efficiencies in the wet-plasma system. At the gas reaction time of 1.8 seconds and the liquid-gas ratio of 0.05 mLaq/Lg, the removal efficiency of bioaerosol was approximately 75 %, while the removal efficiency of H2S was lower than 20 %, indicating that the gaseous compound was not effectively oxidized by the plasma reaction at the low liquid addition. When the liquid-gas ratio was increased to 0.25 mLaq/Lg, the removal efficiencies of both H2S and bioaerosol increased to greater than 99 %. At the higher liquid-gas ratio, more ozone was generated by the wet-plasma reaction. The ozone generation was significantly affected by the input electrical energy, and it needed to be removed before discharged from the process.

본 연구는 강원도 홍천군 운두령 일대에 설치된 잣나무 등 5개소 임목생장 모니터링구를 대상으로 생장변화를 구명하고, 탄소저장량 및 흡수량을 산정하고자 하였다. 임목생장 모니터링구에서의 각 수종별 단위면적(ha)당 연평균 임분재적 생장율은 잣나무 6.6%, 낙엽송 3.8%, 소나무 1.8%, 신갈나무 1.3%, 자작나무 0.7% 순으로 나타났다. 각 고정조사구의 단위 면적(ha)당 탄소저장량은 2004년과 2014년에 각각 활엽수인 신갈나무가 186.1 tC/ha, 200.0 tC/ha 로 가장 많고, 그 다음 소나무, 낙엽송 순이었다. 자작나무는 가장 적은 48.6 tC/ha, 55.2 tC/ha을 나타내었다. 연간 이산화탄소흡수량은 신갈나무(12.6 tCO2/ha/yr.), 낙엽송(12.1 tCO2/ha/yr.), 잣나무(11.3 tCO2/ha/yr.) 순으로 나타나 수종별 표준 탄소 흡수량 기준보다 모두 높은 수치를 보여 주었다. 실제 연평균 탄소흡수 증가율을 보면 상대적으로 신갈나무, 소나무에 비해 모니터링구 설치 당시 유령림이었던 잣나무(2.9%)와 낙엽송(0.6%)이 높게 나타났다. 이는 천연림 소나무와 신갈나무가 노령기에 접어들면서 어느 정도 생장이 둔화된 것으로 보인다. 고산지대 산림이라는 열악한 환경에도 불구하고 운두령의 산림은 수종별 전국적인 평균 탄소흡수량 기준과 비교하여 흡수량이 더 높아 이 지역에서의 산림도 여전히 충분한 탄소저감 기능을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

나리속(屬) 식물의 엽초는 품종에 따라 엽위별 형태와 숫자가 큰 차이를 보여 품종별로 식재깊이에 따른 엽초수를 조사하고, 엽초를 제거한 후 생육 반응을 알아보았다. 품종별 엽초는 0cm로 식재한 경우 'Jolanda'는 6매엽, 'Dream Land'는 5매엽과 'Casablanca'는 11매엽으로, 6cm로 식재한 경우 'Jolanda'는 6매엽, 'Dream Land'는 5매엽과 'Casablanca'는 14매엽으로 밝혀져 'Jolanda'와 'Dream Land'는 식재깊이에 따라 엽초수의 차이가 없었으나 'Casablanca'는 6cm로 식재한 것이 0cm로 식재한 것에 비해 엽초가 3장이 더 많아졌다, 한편 엽초를 제거함으로써 'Le Reve'와 'Casablanca' 두 품종 모두 초장이 작아졌으며 stem root의 생육이 나빠졌다. basal root의 생육과 꽃수는 품종별로 다른 양상을 나타냈으며 줄기 직경, 개화소요일수와 꽃의 크기는 차이가 없었다.

In this study, GC-MS linked with an automatic thermal desorber was used to quantitatively analyze the odorous and volatile compounds in the gas emitted from a sewage sludge drying facility. In addition, the removal characteristics of these compounds were investigated by using a pilot-scale packed bed wet scrubber. A quantitative analysis for 58 odorous and volatile compounds in the gas was successfully achieved with GC-MS and GC-FPD. The a quantitative analysis revealed the major odorous compounds were hydrogen sulfide and acetaldehyde. In addition, D-type siloxane compounds such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), were quantitatively measured. The concentrations of siloxane compounds measured in the gas were in the range of 4.54- 7.36 ppmv, higher than those in landfill gas. The average removal efficiency of the odorous and volatile compounds in a wet scrubber was 67.37%. D4, D5, and D6, which are hydrophobic compounds, were also removed by as much as 50.68%, 44.56%, and 70.26%, respectively.