The use of hanging scaffolding for exterior wall painting and cleaning in building construction and maintenance carries the inherent risk of fall accidents. While periodic rope replacement is crucial for preventing accidents resulting from rope breakage, current regulations lack specificity in determining appropriate disposal period for fiber ropes. This study analyzed the tensile strength of the most commonly used PP fiber ropes with different diameters (16 mm, 20 mm) in the domestic construction industry. Additionally, the effect of outdoor exposure was examined by measuring the tensile strength of new ropes and ropes exposing to outdoor conditions for 30 days and 90 days. The results showed that the new ropes and those exposed to outdoor for 30 days met the KS (Korean Standards) criteria for tensile strength. However, a significant decrease in tensile strength was observed in ropes exposed to outdoor for 90 days compared to both the new ropes and those exposed for 30 days. Furthermore, the ropes exposed for 90 days did not meet the KS criteria. These findings indicate the degradation of PP fiber ropes due to UV (Ultra Violet) radiation, highlighting the importance of considering this factor when determining the replacement period for fiber ropes used in scaffolding work.

The construction method of scaffolding structures is different from Mortise and Tenon and bucket arch structure of traditional large woodwork. It forms an independent construction system-fixing nodes with knots, a large number of diagonal braces are used to fix shelves and the structures mostly contain X-shape and triangular shape details. Simple ones include stalls, sheds, rain sheds, altars, lamp racks etc. But the scaffolding with larger scale and more complicated structure are modeled on archways, theatres and other buildings which are used in commercial and festival activities. At present, Macao, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shanxi and other places in China have retained the custom of using scaffolding structures in important festival activities, but their uses, techniques and building types are slightly different from place to place. Due to building and demolishing at any time, the construction and service cycle is short. As a result, there are almost no physical objects left. We can only deduce the use and technical characteristics of ancient scaffolding skills through the colorful building styles that have been preserved with folk activities in various parts of China, the craftsmanship handed down from generation to generation by the scaffolding guild and artisans, and the description of cultural and historical materials and the mutual corroboration of visual materials.

The purpose of this study is to analyze interactions between learners and the instructor (ILI) and interactions among the learners (IAL) themselves in a single university reading class with a focus on scaffolding. Thirty-three learners majoring in computer engineering and public administration participated in the class. Twenty-six out of 33 learners took a non-face-to-face online class (NFTFOC) for a 15-week semester, and the remaining seven learners chose to take a face-to-face class (FTFC) for the five weeks after the mid-term exam. Data from both the NFTFOC and FTFC were collected for 15 weeks from September to December 2021 including an automatic video recording system, quizzes, assignments, etc. through chatting boxes, bulletin boards, and emails. The obtained data were analyzed into both qualitative descriptions and quantitative statistical measures. The results showed that interactions in the low and mid-level of higher-order thinking from both the linguistic and cognitive perspectives occurred similarly, and both amplifying and simplifying of scaffolding functions in NFTFOC were more frequently observed than those in FTFC. In addition, both NFTFOC and FTFC got better scores on the post-test. As development occurs in language learning, a longitudinal and in-depth analysis of the language learning processes is required in future studies.

The desulfurizers facility is cylindrical shape. To operate properly it needs nozzles cleaned, get rid of lime adhesion and sludge, repair the wear and corrosion of facility regularly. For this purpose, workers shall access the ceiling or vertical wall at high place. Ordinary scaffoldings such as steel pipe scaffolding or system scaffolding have been using so that workers can access them. With these ordinary scaffoldings, openings around cylindrical wall are inevitable which make workers can expose always to the risk of falling. The purpose of this study is to develop customized scaffolding to minimize the openings to prevent workers form falling during maintenance it. It consists of a hexagonal central tower and six trapezoidal outer towers. And the bracing among the towers have connected each other for self-standing and for maintaining the structure of towers. Span decks, the circumference footstools, steps, etc. are laid on each floor. The safety is reviewed by structural analysis and performance test. With this study, openings each floor of this scaffold are removed. The gap between the cylindrical wall and the edge of the work stage is approximately 100 mm. Therefore, we expect that workers can work safely and efficiently.

Vygotsky의 인지발달이론은 구성주의 철학을 뒷받침하고 있으므로 그 이론을 현장에 적용하는 것은 학생이 스스로 지식을 구성하는 교육의 실현에 한 발 가까워 질 수 있는 기초를 제공한다는 점에서 의미가 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 Vygotsky의 비계 설정 이론을 고등학교 경제과 교수-학습 과정에 적용한 후, 비계설정의 효과 및 한계를 파악하고 이를 토대로 교수-학습 과정에서의 효과적 비계설정 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 농촌 소재 인문계 K고등학교 2학년 학생을 대상으로 동료 비계 전략을 활용한 수업을 진행한 후 형성평가와 총괄평가 결과, 효능감과 만족도 검사 결과를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 교수-학습 과정에서 효과적 동료비계 적용을 통해 학습자의 인지적, 정의적 성장을 촉진하기 위한 방안은 학습자의 학습습관(개별학습 선호 또는 동료학습 선호 여부), 학업 성취도에 따른 비계 설정 방법 차별화를 통한 멘토의 효능감과 멘티의 만족감 극대화이다.

The contributions of teachers in building foundation of social processes, promoting learners’ agency and engagements have been constantly highlighted. This study explores language socialization of English Language Learners (ELLs) in an elementary school in U.S., focusing on the role of an ESL teacher. It examines how the ESL teacher provides linguistic and cultural scaffolding, and creates a learning environment conducive to ELLs’ socialization into American school academic discourse (Gee, 1999). A prevalent approach for linguistic scaffolding was through using questions. Questions were used for assessment, identifying prior knowledge, current understanding level, and potential level for future development, and to train ELLs to think critically and analytically. Cultural scaffolding was made through classroom scripts, such as whole group and small group activities, individual work with teacher assistance, and working locations in the classrooms. The classroom script projected American values of power functioning, respect for individuals, and freedom of choice. The findings imply that ESL learners need more than linguistic scaffolding and having the knowledge of cultural learning dynamics could be crucial in multicultural students’ socialization into the mainstream American school discourse.

Due to increased demand for remodeling and repair in construction market in recent year, the usage of horse scaffold is increasing in the indoor finish works. Injuries related horse scaffold are mainly caused by poor installation or of careless handling of scaffold. Approximately 300 workers are injuried at construction site every year, it is accounting for about 1.5% of the total construction sector and has increased on a year-to-year trends. But the main contents between national standards and speccifications related to the manufacture and usage of horse scaffolds are mutually inconsistent, In particular, the rules on occupational safety and health standards are the basis for the prevention of industrial injuries, there is no explicit application being made to the horse scaffold commonly used on construction sites. The purpose of this study was to analye the manufacture and usage situations in order to reduce construction injuries that occur at the horse scaffolds. It will be utilized the results of the analysis as the basis data for unifying the major domestic standards and specifications associated with the manufacture and usage of horse scaffold.

During five years (Year 2009~2013), Total victims of 72 %( 81,560 people) and those 50.6 %( 1,258 people) of death accident occurs in small scale construction site which operate 2 million USD less construction budget. Especially, falling death accident account for 785 people, in the share of 33.2 %( 261 people) death disaster takes due to defect of original cause materials. The major safety issues in small scale work place take place while scaffold installation, disassembling, work-plate improper installation or non-professional skills of workers. Furthermore, labor subcontract systems make small construction site shortage of resources. Those workers regard work-plate as unnecessary and consumables supplies. Because of that most of workers use unsafe workplace in most construction site. Therefore, in order to prevent falling accident occurring in small scale work site, government should organize related regulations such as “Work site safety construction method” and then expands education support, financial aid, and sourcing safety supplies for work plate which offer broad variety experiences. Also, introduce certificate solutions for various work plates to improve safety function such as anchoring type method and anti sliding function.

According to the statistics of occupational accidents in 2009, the scaffolds and work platforms were main objects causing fall accidents in construction sites. But many workers install and use the work platforms on the mobile scaffolding without considering about safety standards. We had conducted a nationwide survey about how workers obey safety standards for the work platforms of the mobile scaffolding. As the result of a survey, no one follow a gap standard between materials of work platforms and installation of toe board. And it is a low proportion that comply with the install of safety guard rails and the use of stoppers. This is lack of consciousness for the safety certification and regulations. For safe use a mobile scaffolding, It is needed to educate a manager on the safety standards and to develop a product to install and dismantle easily.

The law(construction standard specification, construction, standard-work regulation, Industry safety standard related regulation) related to the installation of scaffolding being used commonly on the construction site is regulated that the gap of ledger is within 1.5m and first ledger is within 2m. The gap of ledger here is essential for the stability of scaffolding structure. But it is determined that it is possible for the gap of ledger is applied by explaining safety handrail as ledger, because of the fact that in current, on the construction site, safety handrail is installed with the material of scaffolding ledger as a steel tube pipe. On this study, it is aimed to guarantee the safety by analyzing the ledger of scaffolding practically and prevent the accident of manager and laborer through the actualization.

이 논문에서는 이동식 지보를 이용한 MSS공법에 의해 건설되는 콘크리트 교량의 설계 모멘트를 산정하기 위한 관계식을 제안하고 있다. 각 시공 단계에 따른 시간 의존적 거동해석을 통해 교량의 부재력 변화와 처짐 변화를 고찰하였으며 변위와 하중조건을 토대로 한 지배방정식을 구성한 후 복잡한 장기 거동 해석 없이 탄성 해석 결과를 토대로 설계 부재력과 임의의 시간 경과 후 모멘트 변화를 예측할 수 있는 관계식을 구성하였다. 나아가 다양한 예제 해석을 통해 제안한 관계식의 적용성을 검증하였으며 모멘트 포락선을 토대로 보다 합리석인 설계 부재력의 산정 방안을 소개하였다.

시스템비계의 좌굴 강도는 가새재 미설치 등 현장에서 발생할 수 있는 시공적 결함에 많은 영향을 받으며, 시스템비계의 강도를 예측함에 있어 단일 수직재에 대한 축력 실험을 근거로 측정된 좌굴 강도로부터 조립된 시스템비계의 정확한 극한강도를 예측하는 것은 어렵다. 또한 국외에서 연구된 조립 시스템비계는 국내에서 사용되는 시스템비계와 연결부 형태의 차이가 발생된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에서 주로 사용되는 시스템비계를 대상으로 실물실험을 통해 가새재 설치 유무와 수평방향 단수(bay)의 변화에 따른 조립된 시스템비계의 극한하중 변화를 분석하였다.