This study investigated cultivar variation in biomass partitioning patterns and nutrient harvest index across eight Brassica napus cultivars (Akela, Capitol, Colosse, Naehan, Pollen, Saturnin, Sparta, and Tamra). Seed dry weight varied ranging from 5.8 ± 0.3 g DW to 35.7 ± 6.7 g DW, with Colosse showing the highest seed production and Tamra showing the lowest. Harvest index (HI) was divided two groups showing high group (Capitol, Colosse, Pollen, Tamra) and low group (Akela, Naehan, Saturnin, Sparta), which were ranged from 10.8% to 31.7%. Sulfur harvest index (SHI) ranged from 25.6% to 46.5%, with Capitol and Pollen exhibiting the highest efficiency and with Akela and Naehan exhibiting the lowest efficiency. Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) showed greater variation, ranging from 39.8% to 74.3%, with Capitol and Pollen recording the highest value but Akela and Naehan recording the lowest values. Together, these results demonstrate that seed yield, HI, and nutrient harvest index can be partially decoupled among cultivars, highlighting SHI and NHI as complementary traits for selecting nutrient-efficient rapeseed germplasm. Consequently, Colosse and Pollen emerge as promising cultivars for seed oil production, whereas Akela, Sparta, and Naehan are better suited for feed use.

The Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) is a globally vulnerable species whose breeding population is heavily concentrated along the South Korea, making it highly sensitive to habitat disturbance. South Korea has implemented conservation programs that include egg rescue, artificial rearing, and release, yet post-release movement ecology of captive-bred individuals remains poorly documented. We tracked six released Black-faced spoonbills from Gaksiam, Ganghwa Island (2021~2024) using solar-powered GPS Trackers. Released individuals showed substantial variation in dispersal distance, home-range size, and habitat use. Some released Black-faced spoonbills migrated long distances along the west coast to wintering sites in eastern China, similar to wild conspecifics. Others exhibited contrasting short-term dispersal patterns, either remaining near the release site or moving rapidly toward inland or North Korean wetlands. These results indicate that captive-bred spoonbills can perform natural long-distance migration, but also reveal strong individual variation in early dispersal strategies. Our findings provide essential baseline information for refining release timing, pre-release training, and adaptive management in ongoing restoration programs.

This study examines linguistic variation in Korean spoken by the first generation of Korean immigrants to the United States (1903–1924), a group that marked the beginning of Korean-American history. While some studies have explored the language of contemporary Korean Americans, limited prior research has addressed the Korean language of these early immigrants. Around 1975, second-generation Korean American Sonia Shinn Sunoo conducted a large-scale oral history project, interviewing early Korean immigrants. Among the collected recordings, more than 40 participants used Korean for their interviews. Despite their historical and linguistic value, these recordings do not appear to have been used for linguistic research. Analysis reveals that early immigrants’ Korean reflects the regional dialects of early twentieth-century Korea and extensive English lexical borrowing. Rather than showing large-scale lexical changes influenced by Japanese in Korea during the same period, their speech demonstrates a strong English influence. This study highlights the sociolinguistic and historical significance of the early Korean immigrants' language use and calls for further scholarly attention to this valuable linguistic heritage.

한국에서 피조개(Anadara broughtonii) 생산량은 1980년대 중반 약 5만 8,000톤에서 2009년 1,714톤으로 급감하여 약 97% 감소하였다. 본 연구는 피조개의 번식 생태와 생리적 상태를 파악하고 산업 회복을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자, 2019년 2월부터 12월까지 남해 진해만에서 채집한 개체를 대상으로 생식소 발달 단계, 비만도 및 글리코겐 함량의 계절적 변화를 조사하였다. 매월 30개체(n = 30)를 수집하여 조직학적 분석을 통해 생식소 발달 단계와 에너지 저장 및 소비 양상을 확인하였다. 연구 결과는 뚜렷한 계절 패턴을 나타내었다: 생식소 발달은 겨울(2-3월)의 미분화기에서 초기 발달기(4월), 후기 발달기(5월), 완숙기(6월), 산란기(6-9월), 산란후기(9-10월)를 거쳐 12월까지 미분화기로 복귀하였다. 암컷은 수컷에 비해 약 1개월 빠른 발달 진행을 보였다. 비만도는 6월에 최대값 38.4 ± 1.5를 나타내었고, 9월까지 최소값 18.6 ± 1.1로 감소하여 산란 중 에너지 소비를 반영하였다. 육질부 내 글리코겐 함량은 4월에 최대값 19.5 ± 1.2 mg/g DTW를 나타내었고, 9월에 최소값 3.3 ± 0.4 mg/g DTW로 감소하였다. 생식소 발달 단계, 비만도 및 글리코겐 함량의 동시적 변화는 피조개가 하계 집중 산란 전략을 채택하며 에너지를 주로 번식에 할당함을 시사한다. 특히 산란 시기는 먹이원인 클로로필 a 농도가 가장 높은 시기와 일치하여, 유생의 생존율을 높이기 위한 생식 전략임을 시사한다. 이 연구 결과는 한국 남해안에서 피조개의 생식 특성을 이해하기 위한 필수적인 기초 자료를 제공하며, 이 종의 개체군 동태 이해에 생리적 기초를 제공한다. 본 자료는 피조개 양식의 효과적인 관리 전략 수립을 지원하고 산업 활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 스토리텔링 기반 LBE(Location-Based Entertainment) 전시에서 음악적 베리에이션과 공간음향이 감정적 내러티브 형성에 어떠한 역할을 수행하는지를 탐구하는 데 목적이 있다. 최근 LBE 기반 몰입형 콘텐츠 시장이 빠르게 성장함에 따라, 전시에서의 사운드디자인은 단순한 배경음 이 아니라 관람객의 정서 흐름을 설계하는 핵심 요소로 부상하고 있다. 본 연구는 경기도와 경기 콘텐츠진흥원의 'K-콘텐츠 IP 융·복합 제작지원' 사업 일환으로 2025년 현대백화점 판교점에서 진행된 「디즈니스토어와 함께하는 추석 달맞이 체험」 실감형 전시의 음악·사운드 설계를 대상 으로, 연구자가 창작 및 운영에 직접 참여한 실무기반 사례연구(Practice-Based Research)를 수 행하였다. 전시 기획 단계(Pre-Design)와 운영 단계(Post-Design)에 걸쳐 음악 구조, 공간음향 구성, 관람객 반응을 수집·분석한 결과, 동일한 코드·템포 구조 위에서 악기·음색·리듬을 변 주하는 방식이 존(zone) 간 감정 전환을 유도하는 핵심 장치로 기능함을 확인하였다. 또한 약 30 채널의 멀티채널 공간음향은 시각적 내러티브와 결합하여 감정 이동의 방향성을 강화하였으며, 제스처 기반 생성형 AI 이미지 콘텐츠는 선율 구조와 결합되어 관람객의 주체적 몰입을 증폭시켰 다. 본 연구는 LBE 전시에서 음악과 사운드가 수행하는 감정 설계적 역할을 실증적으로 제시함으 로써, 향후 감성 기반 전시 제작 및 AI 융합형 콘텐츠 개발에 유의미한 시사점을 제공한다.

In industry society, it is challenging to identify and prevent potential hazard factors since an industry is complex and changing variously. Particularly, as industrial accidents occur more frequently by secondary and tertiary indirect causes, rather than primary direct causes such as environmental changes or selfinduced disasters, it becomes more difficult to analyze the risk in safety management perspective. The purposes of this study are to reconsider the variable factors used in the existing Risk Priority Number (RPN) assessment method and to explore a new prioritization method for risks and disasters caused by various external environmental changes. To achieve this, various variables are considered including the currently used variables such as the occurrence frequency, the likelihood of occurrence, the severity. Among the variables, the eight key variables will be selected, and it is to take account of the relative weights between the variables.

This study evaluates how road profile and speed affect tire loads of a hydrogen tube trailer using MSC Adams/Car multibody dynamics simulation. A tractor and trailer loaded with 64 high-pressure cylinders were modeled, and four representative road profiles flat, pothole, short-wave, and long-wave were applied at 30, 60, and 80 km/h. Vertical tire load time histories were extracted for five wheel positions. Flat roads yielded stable loads matching static distribution. Potholes produced short, high-amplitude impacts (up to 120 kN at 30 km/h) with reduced peaks at higher speeds. Short-wave profiles caused severe asymmetric roll loads (67 kN at 80 km/h), while long-wave inputs generated smoother, moderate increases over longer durations. Load amplification diminished toward trailer axles due to suspension energy dissipation. The results inform structural design of tube trailers and development of speed-control or active load-mitigation strategies for autonomous hydrogen transport vehicles.

‘Ideographic’ originally referred to the expression of meaning or the transmission of thoughts and intentions. Its association with the issue of Chinese characters has undergone a complex process of discursive evolution. Western academia has sometimes used Chinese characters as a representative of ideographic writing systems to support the three-stage theory of world writing development, sometimes to support the construction of modern linguistic theories, and sometimes to support discourses on Chinese character education. After the Western concept of ‘ideographic writing’ entered China, the academic community, based on the structure and function of Chinese character symbols, developed a sub-conceptual system centered on ‘ideographic nature,’ refined the scope of discourse to adapt to different discursive contexts, and perfected the terminology system to create a distinctive conceptual framework; clarifying discursive positions, and redefining interpretive subjectivity. This process has localised the concept of ‘ideographic,’ forming a distinctive Chinese perspective on ideographic characters and research methodologies. The experience of the generation, variation, and reconstruction of the ‘ideographic’ concept provides important references for the construction of a Chinese-specific theoretical discourse in the field of writing systems.