도시 생활권 내 수목병해충 관리의 필요성이 증가하고 있으나, 전문화된 생활권 수목의 진료체계는 부족한 실정이다. 산림청에서는 관련 법령인 산림보호법 일부개정법률이 공포(2016.12.27.)됨에 따라 생활권 수목의 전문적 진료체계를 구축하는 한편, 수목진료 저변확대를 위한 수목진단센터 운영 및 민간컨설팅을 실시하고 있다. 생활권 수목병해충 관리 강화를 위한 정책의 기본방향은 나무의사 제도 도입 등 전문화된 수목진료 기반을 구축하고, 생활권 수목진료 민간컨설팅 지원을 통해 진단･처방서비스를 제공하며, 국･공립나무병원의 내실화 및 지역거점 수목진료 체계를 구축하는 것이다. 현재 산림청에서는 나무의사 자격시험 및 나무병원 제도 시행을 위하여 하위법령과 행정규칙을 마련 중(2018.6.28. 공포 예정)이며, 수목진료 전문화, 청년일자리 창출 등 나무의사 제도 조기정착을 위한 대국민 사전홍보에도 힘을 쏟고 있다.

최근 5년간(2013년~2017년) 국립나무병원으로 진단 의뢰된 수목 피해는 3,073건으로 매년 600여건 정도로 나타났다. 문의 유형별로 보면 전화가 79.6%로 가장 많았고, 내방이 10.7%, 인터넷 홈페이지 문의 또는 우편물 상담이 9.7% 순이었다. 수종별로는 소나무가 전체 대비 40.7%를 차지하여 소나무에 대한 국민의 관심이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 소나무 이외에 느티나무(5.9%), 벚나무(5.1%), 단풍나무(4.2%) 순으로 피해에 대한 문의가 많았다. 피해 원인별로는 병해충에 의한 생물적 피해가 1,385건(45.1%)이었으며, 그 중 해충에 의한 피해가 958건(31.2%)으로 병해에 의한 피해 427건(13.9%)보다 2배 이상 더 많이 발생하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 2017년도 진단 의뢰된 423건 중 피해의 원인을 정확하게 알 수 없는 경우 114건은 “기타”로 분류되었으며, 이들을 제외한 비생물적 원인의 144건 피해는 수목관리의 부적정 89건(61.8%), 생리적 피해 17건(11.8%), 약해 13건(9.0%), 기상해 9건(6.2%) 등이었다. 특히, 해충의 피해는 깍지벌레류, 진딧물류, 나무좀류, 나방류 등의 순으로 피해가 많았다.

대부분의 다른 종양과 마찬가지로, 담낭암의 영상의학적 평가는, 발견 혹은 감별진단과 그 이후의 병기 결정으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 담낭암의 진단 및 평가에 사용되는 영상 검사 는 주로 transabdominal US, CT, MRI, PET 그리고 EUS 등이 있다. 이러한 영상학적 검사를 적절하게 사용하면 조기 담낭암의 진단율 및 감별진단에 도움이 된다. 본고에서는 각 형태에 따른 감별진단을 다루고, 다음 단계로 병기 결정에 있어서 영상의 역할과 한계를 고찰하고자 한다.

Assays for detecting pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) levels in the blood of pregnant cattle have been developed and commercialized to determine pregnancy status. This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of a PAG-based ELISA test for pregnancy detection in Hanwoo. The anticoagulated treated whole blood was sampled from 595 Hanwoo that were 28-71 d (mean 49) and 85-128 d (mean 106) after artificial insemination. At the 2nd blood collection time, a transrectal palpation test was used as the standard for pregnancy diagnosis. For PAGs and the transrectal palpation test (n=595), the sensitivity was 98.4% (pregnancy, 481/489), the specificity was 100% (open, 106/106), and the accuracy was 98.7% (pregnancy+open, 587/595). In conclusion, the rapid PAG-based ELISA pregnancy test was highly sensitive and specific for pregnancy detection in Hanwoo.

구제역은 발생 시 전염이 쉽게 일어나며 심각한 경제적 피해를 일으키는 질병이다. 구제역의 방역정책은 발견 직 후 빠른 살처분이 최선책이나, 전파 속도나 상황 등에 따 라 타지역 백신 접종 등의 방법을 시행할 수도 있다. 이러 한 방법을 적용하기 위해서는 구제역을 빠르고 정확하게 진단할 필요성이 있다. 개발된 진단법들은 구제역의 확진, 혈청형의 동정, 백신 접종 후 항체의 생성 확인 등에 사용 된다. 많은 진단법들이 개발되었지만 아직은 빠른 시간 내 에 검출이 가능하며 동시에 정확성도 가진 방법이 드물다. 그렇기에 기존의 방법들을 개선시킨 새로운 진단법이 필 요하다. 현재는 대부분 혈청학적 진단법인 ELISA에 의존 하거나 분자 유전학적 기술인 PCR을 사용한다. 가장 최근 기술은 그 둘을 합치는 방법으로, 어떻게 하면 더 신속하 고 저비용이면서, 민감하고 정확한 방법이 될 수 있을지 연구가 진행되고 있다.

Ocean economy plays a crucial role in the strengthening maritime safety industry and in the welfare of human beings. Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) have been widely used in floating platforms on the sea to provide oil for machines. However, the ESP fault may lead to ocean environment pollution, on the other hand, a timely fault diagnosis of ESP can improve the ocean economy. In order to meet the strict regulations of the ocean economy and environmental protection, the fault diagnosis of ESP system has become more and more popular in many countries. The vibration mechanical models of typical faults have been able to successfully diagnose the faults of ESP. And different types of sensors are used to monitor the vibration signal for the signal analysis and fault diagnosis in the ESP system. Meanwhile, physical sensors would increase the fault diagnosis challenge. Nowadays, the method of neural network for the fault diagnosis of ESP has been applied widely, which can diagnose the fault of an electric pump accurately based on the large database. To reduce the number of sensors and to avoid the large database, in this paper, algorithms are designed based on feature extraction to diagnose the fault of the ESP system. Simulation results show that the algorithms can achieve the prospective objectives superbly.

만성 췌장염은 외분비 및 내분비기능의 저하를 유발하는 진행성의 염증 그리고 섬유화로 특징지어지는 췌장의 비가역 적인 염증질환이다. 만성 췌장염은 크게 석회화, 폐쇄성 그리고 스테로이드 반응 형태로 분류되나, 일반적으로 특별한 언급 없이 만성 췌장염이라고 하면 췌장실질 석회화 형태의 만성 췌장염을 일컫는다. 만성 췌장염의 원인으로는 다양한 변이, 여러 유전자 사이의 상호 연관성 그리고 환경의 영향 등이 복합적으로 작용한다고 여겨진다. 진단은 주로 전산화단층촬 영술이나 자기공명담췌관조영술과 같은 영상 검사가 주로 이용되었으나 최근에는 초음파내시경이 많이 이용되고 있다.

Since 1995 the special act for safety management of public facilities have been enacted in Korea. Since then undergoing safety accidents great and small, legal system was revised several times for safety promotion. As part of its efforts Korea Infrastructure Safety & Technology Corporation have periodically evaluated the building safety inspection or diagnosis reports based on Special Act for Safety Control of Public Structures and published annual casebook. This study investigates and examines the cases of bad or poor reports until now. This paper aims at reasoning out the technical and institutional improvement plan for error-prone problems when safety inspection of buildings.

Monochamus alternatus (M. alternatus) and Monochamus saltuarius (M. saltuarius) are major vectors for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in South Korea. When an adult, they are easily distinguishable by several morphological classification. However, it is difficult to identification between M. alternatus and M. saltuarius when they are larvae as they have very similar morphological characters. Thus, they are not easily distinguishable without expertise about Cerambycidae taxonomy. Furthermore, during epidemiological investigation, sometimes, adults or larvae would not be founded in death pine trees. For these reasons, in this experiment, we are able to identified between M. alternatus and M. saltuarius by mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene primers that are specific to 12S rRNA gene fragment of M. alternatus using larvae tissue and frass. Moreover, we had examined whether vectors that were already escaped from dead pine tree have Bursaphelenchus xylophilus or not by multiplex PCR using larva frass that was remained in dead pine tree.

Increasing numbers of insecticide resistant insect is one of the main problem in current agriculture. To manage the insecticide resistance, IRAC suggest some tips for farmers : First, sequence or alteration of insecticide based on MOA. Second, choosing the effective insecticide. In this point raised following question : How to distinguish the effective or non-effective insecticide. Until now, bioassay is the right answer. However that is time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly process. So we have been steadily advancing molecular based insecticide resistance diagnosis for supporting and/or substitution of classical bioassay. It can summarized following steps : First, identification of insecticide resistance mechanism. Second, marker development. Third, development molecular diagnosis such as PASA, LAMP etc. Forth, application on field collected insects. Here we discuss some case of these study particular several major pests in highland agriculture.

In recent years, there have been many serious disasters caused by the lack of basic safety and health measures at workplaces, such as chemical poisoning accidents and fire and explosion accidents at large shipyards. At the same time, interest and awareness of the safety of our people is rising. There are several schemes to preemptively remove industrial accidents. Among them, the safety and health diagnosis system that provides the safety and health of the workplace is proposed as an alternative and the system is expanding quantitatively every year by suggesting problems and remedial measures. Therefore, it is very important to secure the safety and health of the workplace through the safety and health diagnosis. However, due to the lack of laws and regulations on safety and health diagnosis system, dumping of diagnosis amount due to the existence of too many diagnosis agencies, lack of expertise of diagnostic workforce, etc. there has been serious disasters in the diagnostic workspaces. In this regard, the reliability of the safety and health diagnosis is questionable. Therefore, in this study, I intend to improve the reliability of safety and health diagnosis by reviving the intention of safety and health diagnosis legislation

In order to reduce damages to major railroad components, which have the potential to cause interruptions to railroad services and safety accidents and to generate unnecessary maintenance costs, the development of rolling stock maintenance technology is switching from preventive maintenance based on the inspection period to predictive maintenance technology, led by advanced countries. Furthermore, to enhance trust in accordance with the speedup of system and reduce maintenances cost simultaneously, the demand for fault diagnosis and prognostic health management technology is increasing. The objective of this paper is to propose a highly reliable learning model using various machine learning algorithms that can be applied to critical rolling stock components. This paper presents a model for railway rolling stock component fault diagnosis and conducts a mechanical failure diagnosis of motor components by applying the machine learning technique in order to ensure efficient maintenance support along with a data preprocessing plan for component fault diagnosis. This paper first defines a failure diagnosis model for rolling stock components. Function-based algorithms ANFIS and SMO were used as machine learning techniques for generating the failure diagnosis model. Two tree-based algorithms, RadomForest and CART, were also employed. In order to evaluate the performance of the algorithms to be used for diagnosing failures in motors as a critical railroad component, an experiment was carried out on 2 data sets with different classes (includes 6 classes and 3 class levels). According to the results of the experiment, the random forest algorithm, a tree-based machine learning technique, showed the best performance.

High reproductive efficiency is a prerequisite for dairy animals in order to optimize dairy production. An accurate and early pregnancy diagnosis is a crucial aspect for better reproductive management in livestock. The indigenous, visual and clinical methods have various limitations including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, later stages of applicability and requires highly skilled manpower. This hurdles the researchers to ensue further research on developing novel early pregnancy diagnostics for dairy animals. However, the advantage of molecular techniques like proteomics has given a new hope to look for pregnancy biomarkers in animal research. In this study, we assayed the pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) levels using anti-bPAG antibody. Serum plasma samples were collected 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after insemination. Cattle diagnosed pregnant with singleton are used for this experiment in which blood samples were collected. The plasma PAG level is gradually increased after insemination to until 60 days and drastically decreased after that. The PAG level was approximately 2-fold greater during 30 days compared with 60 days. These results concluded to validate our other pregnancy diagnosis methods including circulating microRNA and cell free DNA concentration (data not shown). Despite this proteomic approach, validating all other molecular technique results may give the exact time for early pregnancy diagnosis.

The air conditioner is an instrument to make a low degree fresh wind by compress a refrigerant and through the heat exchanger. As change a refrigerant of low degree and low pressure to high degree and high pressure, it is needed to the compressor. The compressor compress a refrigerant by transfer the rotational energy to reciprocating energy. The goal of this research is for easy use to failure diagnosis of an automotive compressor according to vibration characteristics of each failure types of automotive compressor. To do this, we have prepared the normal products and made some detective products which several kinds of detective types to measure and analysis of vibration characteristics. From the results, we have made a close investigation into the vibration characteristics of each kinds of detective type.

In 2015, we reported a viral disease extremely fatal to Allomyrina dichotoma larvae spread in the majority of the larva-rearing farms in Korea. Currently, the virus-infected larva is diagnosed by PCR-based amplification but this requires laboratory equipment and agarose gel electrophoresis. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a highly sensitive DNA amplification method, uses DNA polymerase isolated from Bacillus stearothemophilus and a set of six primers. It has great potential for field use because DNA is amplified under single temperature and the overall reaction completes in 30 min without laboratory equipments. Here, we report the development of on-site diagnosis method for Korean horn beetle larva infected by Allomyrina dichotoma Nudivirus.

This study was conducted to suggest the cause analysis and mitigation measures of foaming generated in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant. The foam generated in the outlet connected with the tidal river system was identified as structural problems. And the main cause of foaming was air entrainment by an impinging jet and the internal accumulation by the diffusion barrier. In consideration of these conditions, it present the effective ways such as micro-screen and submerged outlet, to mitigate the foaming generated in the water channel and outlet end.

Microfluidics based on nanobio sensors technologies can provide convenient and accurate diagnosis tools. In this talk, we present recent developments of nanobio sensors & diagnosis chip using microfluidics, with special emphasis on disposable plastic devices format. In detail, we overview of the common methods used in the fabrication of polymer microfluidic systems, including replica and injection mold-ing. Also we explain the different methods by which on-chip operations—such as the pumping and valving of fluid flow, the mixing of different reagents, and the separation and detection of different biochemical species implemented in a microfluidic format. Finally, a few select biotechnological applications of microfluidics are presented to illustrate both the utility of this technology and its potential applications with insect models in the near future.

This study using TWINSPAN and Ordination target Mt. Mireuk analyzed the relationship between vegetation and environment. In addition, direction of the succession to predict the future by examining diameter of breast height and actual vegetation and proposed vegetation landscape management plan that meets them. As a result of the classification by TWINSPAN, communities of vegetation landscapes were composed in six communities such as Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, Q. acutissima, P. thunbergii community. DCCA ordination analysis, and distribution of Q. mongolica community where there is high altitude and low P. densiflora community. The analysis is expected to be diameter of breast height of vegetation Mt. Mireuk result, the dense P. densiflora dominated in large objects, but the young forward the succession to a high density object and Q. mongolica community of intermediate objects progress. The vegetation landscape was subdivided into the priority management zone, core management zone, restoration management zone, and buffer management zone. In particular, the study suggests the ecotone of Mt. Mireuk, which, as it borders Mireuksaji, seems to require management to be redeveloped into a forest of world cultural heritage, should be configured into a scenery forest using Pinus densiflora. We also suggest management of visitors via year breaks for hiking roads, as well as the removal of artificial vegetation species and control of density, which will lead to succession.