Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is currently the most commonly used microbial pesticide. In the previous study, Bt IMBL-B9 known for its high toxicity against Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda and Plutella xylostella was characterized. To develop novel biopesticide, optimization of culture medium is required for the cost-effective mass production for toxin production of IMBL-B9. Through experimental design by Plackett-Burman design, ingredients that significantly influenced the production of IMBL-B9's toxin were selected. Using these results, the novel culture medium for IMBL-B9 was developed and the toxin yield of IMBL-B9 was significantly increased than conventional media by using this medium. These results could be useful for the development of biopesticides.

The objective of this study was to achieve biological control of green mold disease in Pyogo mushrooms using antagonistic microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis BSM320 cells inhibited mycelial growth by 48–60% against three Trichodermaisolates including T. hazianumisolated from the substrates of Lentinula edodes, showing their antifungal activity.The bacteria were cultured to a high density of 4.2 x 109±113.7 cfu/mlin aqueous extract of composted spent mushroom substrates of L. edodes containing 1% glucose and showed a higher growth rate than that observed when using the commercial medium, Luria-Bertani broth. The bacterial culture showed a 75% protective effect without damaging the mushroom fruiting bodies. These results suggest that B. subtilis BSM320culture is suitable for biological control of green mold disease during mushroom cultivation.

Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in pigs have great potential, their use is limited because the establishment efficiency of ESCs is extremely low. Accordingly, we tried to develop in-vitro culture system stimulating production of SCNT blastocysts with high performance in the colony formation and formation of colonies derived from SCNT blastocysts for enhancing production efficiency of porcine ESCs. For these, SCNT blastocysts produced in various types of embryo culture medium were cultured in different ESC culture medium and optimal culture medium was determined by comparing colony formation efficiency. As the results, ICM of porcine SCNT blastocysts produced through sequential culture of porcine SCNT embryos in the modified porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 and the PZM-5F showed the best formation efficiency of colonies in α-MEM-based medium. In conclusion, appropriate combination of the embryo culture medium and ESC culture medium will greatly contribute to successful establishment of ESCs derived from SCNT embryos.

Oyster mushrooms are one of the most popular edible mushrooms in Korea. The ‘Santari’ cultivar bred in this study, which belongs to the species Pleurotus pulmonarius, is a new oyster mushroom cultivar for bottle culture. It was bred by mating monokaryons isolated from ‘GMPO20404’ and ‘Hosan’. The optimum temperature for ‘Santari’ mycelial growth was 26–29℃ on PDA medium, and the temperatures for primordium formation and for growth of the fruit body on sawdust medium were 22℃ and 20℃, respectively. It took 34 days to complete the spawn run, 3 days to form primordia, and 3 days to finish fruit body growth in the bottle culture. The fruit body pilei were round in shape and brownish, whereas the stipes were long, thick, and white. The yield per bottle of ‘Santari’ was 172 g/1,100 mL, which was 43% higher than that of the reference cultivar (‘Hosan’). The springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and brittleness of the stipe tissue were 87%, 82%, 193 g, and 16 kg, respectively. These physical property values of ‘Santari’ were lower than those of the control cultivar, except for the cohesiveness.

‘Mantari’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom for bottle culture. It was bred by crossingmonokaryons isolated from ‘DM11732’ and ‘Chunchu-2ho’. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~29°C on PDA medium, and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of ‘Mantari’ on sawdust mediawas 18°C and 16°C. It took 32 days to finish spawn running, 4 days to finish primordia formation, and 3 days to finish fruiting body growth in the bottle culture. The fruitcharacteristics: the pileus was round and gray-black in color, and the stipe was long, thin, and light gray in color. The yield per bottle was 179 g/900 ml and was 5% higher than that of the control variety (Chunchu-2ho). The physical properties of the fruit body were as follows: springiness, cohesive, gumminess, and brittleness of the stipe tissue were 96%, 76%, 160 g, and 15 kg, respectively.

‘Mantari’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom for the bottle culture. It was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from ‘DM11732’ and ‘Chunchu-2ho’. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~29°C on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of ‘Mantari’ was 18°C and 16°C on sawdust media. It took 32 days to finish spawn running, 4 days to finish primordia formation, 3 days to finish fruitbody growth in the bottle culture. In the characteristics of fruit body, pilei were round type and dark grayish, stipe color was gray-white color and stipe shape was long and thin. The yield per bottle was 179g/900ml and was 5% higher than that of control veriety(Chunchu-2ho). As results of the physical properties of fruit body, springness, cohesive, gumminess and brittleness of stipe tissue were 96%, 76%, 160g and 15kg, respectively.

갓색이 진한 중고온성 병재배용 고품질버섯 '흑타리'의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. 균사생장적온은 23~26˚C이고 버섯발생 및 생육온도는 각각 18~19˚C로 중고온성을 나타내었다. 병재배시 배양기간은 30일, 초발이 소요일수는 4일, 생육일수는 5일로 총재배기간은 39일이 소요되었다. 갓크기는 35.2 mm이며, 갓색은 진회갈색을 나타냈다. 대직경 11.4 mm, 대길이 84.2 mm로 굵고 짧은형태이며, 대색은 백색을 나타내었다. 수량은 생산력검정시 900 cc병에서 180 g을 나타내었으며, 농가실증재배시 광주 226 g/1100cc, 양평 188 g/900 cc, 여주 241 g/1100 cc의 수량을 나타내었다. 대의 물리성에서 있어 탄력성, 응집성, 씹읍성, 깨집성이 각각 96%, 82%, 511g, 47 kg을 나타내었다. DNA다형성을 비교 분석한 결과 UFPF2, UFPF3, UFPF4등의 primer에서 교배모본인 'P11056'와 'MT07156'의 DNA의 밴드가 혼합되어 있었으며 품종간, 균주간의 밴드 차이가 있었다.

This paper aims to present some arguments for introducing Korean culture in teaching of French at Korean high schools. First, it is compatible with Intercultural Approach, a general trend for foreign culture education. Second, it is helpful to the communicative competence of the Korean students who are supposed to communicate with French interlocutors. In a natural communication situation, a French speaking person is likely to ask a Korean interlocutor questions concerning the Korean culture, which makes it necessary for Korean highschool students to learn how to explain it in French. Third, it can help Korean learners to take up positive attitudes towards French learning with higher motivation for French speaking and stronger confidence in themselves. Finally, it is recommended that the elements of the Korean culture introduced in French lessons should concern everyday lives rather than the sophisticated intellectual culture and that they be introduced through ‘intercultural dialogues’ in French. l’introduction de la culture coréenne dans l’enseignement du français au sein des lycées coréens. Premièrement, son introduction permet aux lycéens coréens, tout en apprenant le français, d’être sensibilisés à l’approche interculturelle, préalable à une éducation des cultures étangères. Deuxièmement, elle peut leur servir à développer leur compétence de communication lors de leurs interactions avec des francophones. Il est en effet naturel que, dans les situations de communication dans lesquelles un lycéen coréen et un francophone dialoguent, le francophone pose des questions sur la culture coréenne et que le coréen y réponde. D’où la nécessité de préparer les lycéens coréens à en parler en français. Troisièmement, cette capacité à parler de culture coréenne en français, avec ses principaux corollaires : une grande confiance en soi et un comportement plus participatif, peut favoriser une acquisition plus aisée de la compétence de communication en français. Enfin, nous recommandons que les éléments de la culture coréenne portent sur le quotidien et que ces éléments prennent la forme de ‘dialogues interculturels’ en français entre un francophone et un coréen.

버섯생산성 향상을 위해서는 주년재배체계가 확립되어야 하는데 여름철 재배가 가능한 중고온성 봉지재배용 고품질버섯‘곤지5호’ 의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. ‘곤지5호’는 균사생장적온은 26～29℃이고 버섯발생 및 생육온도는 18～20℃로 중고온성을 나타내었다. 갓색은 20℃재배시 회색(색차값(L)=56.0)이고 얕은 깔대기형이며 다발형으로 발생하였다. 또한, 대는 회백색이고 굵고 긴형태를 나타내었으며 ‘수한1호’에 비해 탄력성이 우수하였다. 봉지재배시 20℃에서 초발이 소요일수는 3일, 자실체 생육일수는 4일이었다. 수량은 생산력검정시 1kg 봉지에서 221.4g을 나타내어 ‘수한1호’ 201.0g에 비해 10% 증수효과가 있었다. 또한, 농가실증재배시 Farm 1 과 Farm 3 지역에서는 대조구인 ‘수한1호’ 217g/1kg봉지 대비 13% 증수효과가 있었으며, Farm 2지역에서는 ‘부평33호’의 230.8g/1kg봉지 와 비슷하였다. DNA다형성을 비교 분석한 결과 URP-2F, URP-2R, URP-25F등의 모든 primer에서 모본과 다른 밴드양상을 나타내어 품종간의 구분이 확실하였고, 교잡모본과 혼합된 밴드양상을 나타내었다.

본 연구는 여름철 시설양묘시 생장 장해 요인으로 작용하고 있는 시설내 고온에 대한 수목 유묘의 생장 반응을 탐구하고자 임업시설양묘를 통하여 현재 우리나라에서 가장 많은 양의 묘목이 생산되고 있는 소나무(Pinus drnsiflora S. et Z.)를 대상으로 PE house 내에 일일최고온도가 각각 30~35℃, 35~40℃ 및 40℃ 이상 등 세 수준의 온도로 설계된 장소에서 실시되엇다. 생육 6주 후부터 상대적으로 온도가 높은 생육장소의 소나무 수고생장의 감소가 관측되었으며, 특히 40℃ 이상의 생육장소에서 자란 묘목의 생장감소가 시험 전 기간을 토하여 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 근원 경생장의 경우에도 상대적인 고온에서 자란 묘목의 생장이 낮아 40℃ 이상의 경우 30~35℃에서 보다 17.3%의 생장감소가 관찰되었다. 건중량의 경우 생육 10주 후의 지상부와 지하부 건중량은 30~35℃에서 자란 묘목에서 가장 높은 건중량을 나타내었으나 다른 두 처리 사이에서와 유의성은 나타나지 않은 반면 생육 16주 후의 건중량에서는 지상부, 지하부 모두 고온에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 한편 T/R율은 고온에서 자란 묘목일수록 높았다. 본 실험에서의 결과와 같이 여름철 고온에 의한 생장 감소는 건전 유량묘목 생산에 크게 영향을 끼치므로 PE 온실에서 양묘를 수행할 때애는 고온 조절에 보다 유의해야 할 것이다.

In order to determine the short-term impact induced by chloride ionic, CaCl2 was used to study the chloride ionic effects of salinity on substrate and growth of Dracacena braunii grown in ornamental hydro-culture. A distilled water (control) was enriched with 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150 g･L -1 of CaCl2, respectively. Before planting, acidity and electronic conductivity values remarkably increased with increasing concentration of CaCl2. However, 4 weeks after planting, acidity values decreased to a slightly acidic pH, while there were not significant differences among electronic conductivity values obtained. Number of root, fresh weight, and total chlorophyll content were significantly decreased in response to CaCl2 concentration in comparison with control, whereas dry weight, water content, and color of stem were no significant effect of CaCl2 concentration less than 20 g･L -1 . These results showed that initial CaCl2 concentrations above 20 g･L -1 is considered to be the threshold value that will sustain the Dracacena braunii in the growth condition and above which plant growth will be retarded.

Lysine is the first essential amino acid for optimal nutrient quality in rice grain. For the narrow genetic diversities of lysine contents in rice, somaclonal variation was the source of mutation in our breeding program. Biochemical selection was conducted using 1 mM S-(2-aminoethyl) cysteine followed by two passages of 5 mM lysine plus threonine in the callus subculture medium. The lysine contents in endosperm of all progenies recovered from the biochemical selection were higher than those of their donor cultivar 'Hwayeongbyeo'. These elevated lysine levels of mutants were successfully transmitted to M4 generation. The lysine contents in endosperm varied 3.85 to 4.80% compare to their donor cultivar 'Hwayeongbyeo' was 3.85%. Three of high-lysine germplasms, Lys-l, Lys-2 and Lys-7 were selected by biochemical selection and rapid screening methods. DNA analysis showed that a new insertion of Tos 17 which mapped to rice chromosome 11 on the high-lysine mutant, Lys-2.

벼 담수직파재배에서 적정 파종양과 입모수 설정을 위하여 낙동벼와 삼강벼를 공시하여 5월 4일 작물시험장 답작포장에서 파종양을 달리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시품종 모두 파종양이 증가할수록 최고분얼수는 많아졌고 유효경비율은 저하하였다. 2. 공시품종 모두 파종양이 증가할수록 유효분얼한계기는 앞당겨지는 것으로 나타났으며 3. 5kg/10a 파종구의 유효분얼 한계기는 6월 18일 전후이었다. 3. 단위면적당 수수는 공시품종 모두 파종양이 증가할수록 많아졌다. 수당영화수는 낙동벼에서는 파종양의 증가에 따라 차이가 없었으나 삼강벼에서는 감소하였다. 4. 파종양이 증가할수록 낙동벼의 등숙률은 떨어 졌으나 삼강벼에서는 차리가 없었다. 5.m2 당 적정 입모수는 삼강벼에서는 120개 정도, 낙동벼에서는 78개 정도이었으며 파종양으로 볼 때 삼강벼는 4kg /10a, 낙동벼는 2.7kg /10a 정도가 적당하였다.