In this paper, we investigate whether and how morality irrelevant inspiration can influence consumer’s own morality behavior. Thrash & Elliot (2003) conceptualized inspiration as a psychological construct with three core characteristics: evocation, transcendence, and motivation. Morality behavior include prescriptive morality (e.g., prosocial behavior) and proscriptive morality (e.g., immoral behavior), which have different antecedents. We propose a common antecedent for both faces of morality and found that morality-irrelevant inspirational experiences (triggered by others or oneself) could decrease proscriptive morality and increase prescriptive morality, via emotional and cognitive transcendence. This is the first paper to explore the roles played by the emotional and cognitive transcendence resulted from the inspirational experiences and the consequences of transcendence on a source-irrelevant context.

목 적：뇌심부 자극기의 폐전극을 가지고 있는 환자에 대해 MRI검사가 이뤄질 경우 열발생으로 인한 위험성에 노출 될 수 있다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 MRI로 인한 DBS 폐전극에서의 열발생 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법：1.5 T MRI(Avanto, Siemens, Germany)장치와 광섬유 온도계(FTX-301-PWR 3chTemperature Transmitter, OSENSA, Canada)를 사용하였다. 미국 재료시험협회 표준측정방법을 이용한 열발생 측 정은 하이드록시에틸 셀룰로즈와 염화나트륨을 혼합한 겔용액을 자체제작 한 팬텀내부에 채운 후 전극의 말단과 주변부의 온도를 15분간 스캔하며 온도를 측정하였다. 임상조건에서의 열발생 측정은 Brain, C-spine, L-spin의 Routine protocol과 B1+rms 2.0 uT이하의 Low RF protocol을 이용하여 전극 말단과 주변부의 온도를 측정하였다. 결 과：표준측정방법에서 온도발생은 전극말단 0.8 ℃, 주변부 0.2 ℃롤 나타났다. Brain, C-spine, L-spine 의 임상조건 중 Routine protocol에서의 온도증가는 전극말단에서 각각 1.7, 1.4, 0.7 ℃, 주변부는 각 각 0.3, 0.3, 0.1 ℃로 나타났으며, Low RF protocol에서의 온도 증가는 전극말단에서 각각 0.4, 0.3, 0.1 ℃, 주변부의 0.2, 0.4, 0.2 ℃로 나타났다. 결 론：뇌심부 자극기의 폐전극 말단에서의 MRI로 인한 온도발생은 Low RF protocol에서는 0.4 ℃ 이하였으 나 주변부의 온도발생과 비교하여 전극에서의 온도발생 현상은 확인 할 수 없었다.

목 적：뇌심부 자극기의 폐전극을 가지고 있는 환자에 대해 MRI검사가 이뤄질 경우 열발생으로 인한 위험성에 노출 될 수 있다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 MRI로 인한 DBS 폐전극에서의 열발생 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법：1.5 T MRI(Avanto, Siemens, Germany)장치와 광섬유 온도계(FTX-301-PWR 3ch Temperature Transmitter, OSENSA, Canada)를 사용하였다. 미국 재료시험협회 표준측정방법을 이용한 열발생 측정은 하이드록시에 틸 셀룰로즈와 염화나트륨을 혼합한 겔용액을 자체제작 한 팬텀내부에 채운 후 전극의 말단과 주변부의 온도를 15분간 스캔 하며 온도를 측정하였다. 임상조건에서의 열발생 측정은 Brain, C-spine, L-spin의 Routine protocol과 B1+rms 2.0 uT이하의 Low RF protocol을 이용하여 전극말단과 주변부의 온도를 측정하였다. 결 과：표준측정방법에서 온도발생은 전극말단 0.8 ℃, 주변부 0.2 ℃로 나타났다. Brain, C-spine, L-spine의 임상조건 중 Routine protocol에서의 온도증가는 전극말단에서 각각 1.7, 1.4, 0.7 ℃, 주변부는 각각 0.3, 0.3, 0.1 ℃로 나타났으 며, Low RF protocol에서의 온도 증가는 전극말단에서 각각 0.4, 0.3, 0.1 ℃, 주변부의 0.2, 0.4, 0.2 ℃로 나타났다. 결 론：뇌심부 자극기의 폐전극 말단에서의 MRI로 인한 온도발생은 Low RF protocol에서는 0.4 ℃ 이하였으나 주변부의 온도발생과 비교하여 전극에서의 온도발생 현상은 확인 할 수 없었다.

The seismically isolated nuclear power plants shall be designed for design basis earthquake (DBE) and considered to ensure safety against beyond design basis earthquake (BDBE). In order to limit the excessive displacement of the seismic isolation system of the seismically isolated structure, the moat is installed at a certain distance from the upper mat supporting the superstructure. This certain distance is called clearance to stop (CS) and is calculated from the 90th percentile displacement of seismic isolation system subjected to BDBE. For design purposes, the CS can be obtained simply by multiplying the median displacement of the seismic isolation system against DBE by scale factor with a value of 3. The DBE and BDBE used in this study were generated by using 30 sets of artificial earthquakes corresponding to the nuclear standard design spectrum. In addition, latin hyper cube sampling was applied to generate 30 sets of artificial earthquakes corresponding to maximum - minimum spectra. For the DBE, the median displacement and the 99th percentile displacement of the seismic isolation system were calculated. For the BDBE, the suitability of the scale factor was assessed after calculating the 90th percentile displacement of the seismic isolation system.

이 연구에서는 D광산 주변 A지역을 대상으로 주요 오염물질인 비소, 납에 대하여 토양 내 존재형태 를 확인하고 광물상을 파악하여 오염 토양의 정화방법을 제시하고자 하였다. D광산 주변 A지역 토양의 비소의 농도는 70.73mg/kg, 납의 농도는 612.80mg/kg로 토양오염공정시험기준의 우려기준을 초과하 였다. 비소는 대부분 잔류 형태로 약 50% 존재하였고, 약 40%가 철-알루미늄 산화물 결정화 형태로 존재하였다. 납은 철-망간 산화물과 결합된 형태로 약 50% 존재하였고, 잔류 형태로는 약 20% 존재하 는 것으로 나타났다. XRD 결과, 비소가 포함되어 있는 라벤듈란(NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O)과 납과 비 소가 포함되어 있는 기터마나이트(Pb3As2S6) 등이 확인되었다. 연구지역의 비소 및 중금속 오염원은 광 물찌꺼기가 토양에 직접적으로 유입되어 산화광물의 입자상으로 존재하는 비율이 높은 것으로 판단되 며, 특히 미립자에 오염물질이 분포하는 것으로 나타나 이를 선별하여 농축된 오염물질을 1차적으로 제 거하여 정화대상의 양을 저감하는 방안도 필요하다고 판단된다.

An investigation of the effects of Pb for domestic anuran embryos were evaluated with the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay; Xenopus (FETAX). Depending on the species, the difference between the embryo size and the embryonic development time was determined. As a result, mortality and malformation rates were increased, malformation patterns were changed and larval body length were decreased in a dose dependent manner of the Pb. The half maximal lethal concentration (LC50) of the Bufo gargarizans, Hyla japonica, Rana nigromaculata and Bombina orientalis were 0.58, 0.49, 0.52, 0.54 mg L-1, respectively. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of the Bufo gargarizans, Hyla japonica, Rana nigromaculata and Bombina orientalis were 0.35, 0.74, 0.30, 0.29 mg L-1, respectively. The teratogenic index (TI) were 1.66 in the Bufo gargarizans, 1.81 in the Hyla japonica, 1.73 in the Rana nigromaculata and 1.86 in the Bombina orientalis, respectively. Therefore, the Pb seems likely to have a teratogenic effect in all four species’ embryonic development. The Bombina orientalis was the most sensitive to the Pb. This means that the difference between the different species, even if they have all been exposed to the same concentration of pollutants depending on the species. The result above show that the Pb acts as a teratogenic agent in the development of the four domestic frog species.

프랑크 베르츠바흐의 􋺷무엇이 삶을 예술로 만드는가􋺸라는 책은 근대화 시대 와 포스트모더니즘의 시대를 거쳐 제4차 산업혁명의 시대를 맞이한 현대인에게 참다운 인간 삶의 의미를 반추하도록 만드는 저술이다. 많은 현대인은 과도한 노동으로 인해 진정한 자유를 얻지 못한 채 소진되어가고 있다. 그러나 노동이 물질적 부만을 추구하는 것이 아니라 본래의 영적 의미를 회복할 때에 인간은 노동을 통해 생기 있는 삶을 영위할 수 있는 것이다. 또한 과한 노동으로 쉼이 부족한 현대인은 노동을 중단하고 영적 성찰의 시간을 가질 때에 비로써 창조 적 삶을 살아갈 수 있다. 진정한 행복은 인간이 삶에 대한 올바른 태도를 견지 함으로써 자신의 삶을 하나의 아름다운 예술로 형상화해나갈 때에 가능하다. 제 4차 산업혁명 시대에 인간은 노동의 가치를 재정립함으로써 마음의 정원을 가 꾸어나가고, 쉼을 통해서 영적 삶이 충만한 아름다운 삶의 미학을 추구해야 하 는 것이다.

In order to modeling seismic isolation system such as lead-rubber bearing (LRB), bilinear model is widely used by many researchers. In general, an actual force-displacement relationship for LRB has a smooth hysteretic shape. So, Bouc-Wen model with smooth hysteretic shape represents more accurately actual hysteretic shape than bilinear model. In this study, seismic responses for seismically isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) with LRB modelled by Bouc-Wen and bilinear models are compared with those of NPP without seismic isolation system. To evaluate effect of earthquake characteristics for seismic responses of NPP isolated by LRB, 5 different site class earthquakes distinguished by Geomatrix 3rd Letter Site Classification and artificially generated earthquakes corresponding to standard design spectrum by Reg. Guide 1.60 are used as input earthquakes. From the seismic response results of seismically isolated NPP, it can be observed that maximum displacements of seismic isolation modelled by Bouc-Wen model are larger than those by bilinear model. Seismic responses of NPP with LRB is significantly reduced than those without LRB. This reduction effect for seismic responses of NPP subjected to Site A (rock) earthquakes is larger than that to Site E (soft soil) earthquakes.

This work focuses on the electrical conduction mechanism in a lead free (Na0.5K0.5NbO3 ; NKN) ceramics system with LiNbO3 content of approximately critical concentration x ≥ 0.2. Lead free (1-x)(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 - x(LiNbO3), NKN-LNx (x = 0.1, 0.2) ceramics were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Crystal structures are confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The electric-mechanical bond coefficient k p decreases and the phase transition temperature T c increases with increasing x content, as determined by dielectric and piezoelectric measurements. The value of the real dielectric constants ε' and kBTε'' showed anomalies around T c (462 oC in the NKN-LN0.1 and 500 oC in the NKN-LN0.2). For the ionic conduction of mobile ions, the activation energies are obtained as EI = 1.76 eV (NKN-LN0.1) and EI = 1.55 eV (NKN-LN0.2), above T c, and EII = 0.78 (NKNLN0.1) and EII = 0.81 (NKN-LN0.2) below T c. It is believed that the conduction mechanisms of NKN-LNx ceramics are related to ionic hopping conduction, which may arise mainly due to the jumping of Li+ ions.

In this study, the mixing method of positive paste and mixing temperature to improve the capacity of the lead-acid batteries has been investigated. The results show that the initial current capacity of lead acid battery depend on the mixing temperature and mixing method of positive paste. In the results of the capacity cycle repetition tests for estimating the life cycle, the 3BS showed the PCL. but the fine 4BS represented certain improved cycles compared to that of the coarse 4BS. It was considered that the fine 4BS showed higher bond strength between active materials than the coarse 4BS and represented large contact areas and that lead to prevent possible sulfation due to the suppression of insulating layers.

Recently, many people have become interested in seismic stability enhancement and a chain of research and development be proceed for application of nuclear power plant according to increase the frequency and magnitude of earthquake event. Such as seismic isolation system is applied to general structure (architecture, bridge and LNG tank etc.) from ancient times. But the application results is limited for Nuclear power plant. In this paper, we proposed a stability of variable axial load from beyond design basis earthquake in Nuclear power plant. Also, the change of stiffness in isolator from the application of generally design equation is not equal to according to change in axial load compare with the experimental result in variable axial load. Therefore we proposed the empirical formula of design equation from test result of full-scale multi-lead rubber bearing for seismic analysis with real behavior (variable axial load) in the earthquake motion.

The lead-rubber bearing (LRB) dissipates seismic energy through plastic deformation of lead core. Under large-displacement cyclic motion, the temperature increases in the lead core. The shear strength of a lead–rubber bearing is reduced due to the heating effect of the lead core. In this study, the seismic responses such as displacement increasing, shear strength and vertical stiffness degradations of LRB due to the heating effect are evaluated for design basis earthquake (DBE) and beyond design basis earthquake (150% DBE, 167% DBE, 200% DBE).

Kim Gyu-nam. 2016. “Nation lead ideology and Social taboo emerged from Personal Records of a man in rural Korea”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 37~65. The aim of this paper is to analysis nation lead ideology and social taboo in the modernization era based on the language life history memoirs and diary of an old man in a rural area of Korea. Modern society in korea was built up through the colonial period, separated government of south-north Korea and the Korean war, Saemauel Undong. ≪Weolphayugo≫ and ≪Changphyeong diary≫ are a village dimension report on these periods. Even though the writer is an average person who adapted to the process of making a nation in each period successfully, he caused conflict with his family and neighbors constantly. His conflicts were caused by his attitude about the ideology of making a nation. It is modernity that influenced his conscience. It's affect on his conscience caused conflict with his family. He was the centre of power in the village in every period and is a typical self-made person. But his life was not happy and he became thought of as a troublesome person. In fact he was a victim of making a nation by each government in Korea. His success made him proud of by himself but it was a trap that made him a troublesome person in his family and village. Every society with conflict of a cross-cultural period and every nation should reflect upon his national consciousness and taboo seriously. This paper is beneficial for us because we can think back on ourselves in inter-cultural society.

본 연구의 목적은 임상의 핵의학, PET 진단 분야에서 진단 시에 사용되는 방사성 동위원소 중 18F를 이용하여 납가운의 두께 별 에너지스펙트럼을 측정하고 납가운 0.3, 0.5mmPb에 대한 차폐율을 측정하고자 하였다. 에너지 스펙트럼 측정의 경우 자체 제작한 방법으로 측정하였고 차폐율 및 선량 측정의 경우 납가운과 선원의 거리에 대 해 선원과 측정기에 대해 납 가운의 위치를 달리 하여 3가지 조건으로 나누어 각각 20회씩 측정을 하여 평균값을 산출하였다. 에너지 스펙트럼 상에서는 납가운을 위치하 였을 때 본래 방사성 동위원소로부터 방출되는 에너지 외의 에너지 피크영역이 측정 되었고 차폐율 및 선량측정에서는 방사성동위원소 18F은 납가운을 이용하여 차폐를 할 경우 차폐율이 매우 미비하거나 음수의 값이 측정되었다.

This paper is concerned with the single vendor single buyer integrated production inventory problem. To make this problem more practical, space restriction and lead time proportional to lot size are considered. Since the space for the inventory is limited in most practical inventory system, the space restriction for the inventory of a vendor and a buyer is considered. As product’s quantity to be manufactured by the vendor is increased, the lead time for the order is usually increased. Therefore, lead time for the product is proportional to the order quantity by the buyer. Demand is assumed to be stochastic and the continuous review inventory policy is used by the buyer. If the buyer places an order, then the vendor will start to manufacture products and the products will be transferred to the buyer with equal shipments many times. The mathematical formulation with space restriction for the inventory of a vendor and a buyer is suggested in this paper. This problem is constrained nonlinear integer programming problem. Order quantity, reorder points for the buyer, and the number of shipments are required to be determined. A Lagrangian relaxation approach, a popular solution method for constrained problem, is developed to find lower bound of this problem. Since a Lagrangian relaxation approach cannot guarantee the feasible solution, the solution method based on the Lagrangian relaxation approach is proposed to provide with a good feasible solution. Total costs by the proposed method are pretty close to those by the Lagrangian relaxation approach. Sensitivity analysis for space restriction for the vendor and the buyer is done to figure out the relationships between parameters.

This study has assessed mechanical bonding strength of lead-free solder joint. Assessment methods was performing long-term reliability test about thermal shock, thermal life and high temperature & high humidity. Based on the results of analyzing mean values that was obtained from repetion of 5 times according to each conditions, reduction of mechanical bonding strength of each tests was confirmed. When it comes to HB chip, the order of high deviation rate was shown thermal shock, high temperature & humidity and thermal life. And the higher deviation rate of R0 is high temperature & humidity, thermal life and thermal shock. The order of high deviation rate of C1 chip is high temperature & humidity, thermal shock and thermal life. Related to this result of experiment, the most stable error range of mechanical bonding strength is established. From now on optimized quantity of solder and shape of solder-joint is needed by establishing a test method which can make error range of mechanical bonding strength minimize.

The single vendor single buyer integrated production inventory problem with lead time proportional to lot size and space restriction is studied. Demand is assumed to be stochastic and the continuous review inventory policy is used for the buyer. If the buyer places an order with lots of products, then the vendor will produce lots of products and the products will be transferred to the buyer with equal shipments many times. Mathematical model for this problem is defined and a Lagrangian relaxation approach is developed.

본 연구는 중금속으로부터 안전한 약용작물을 생산하기 위한 시비방안을 제시하기 위해 토양의 화학 적 특성과 식물이 이용 가능한 형태의 중금속 함량의 관계를 구명하고자 실시되었다. 전국의 173개 지 점에서 재배중인 약용작물 재배지의 토양을 채취하였으며 1M NH4OAc로 식물이 이용할 수 있는 형태의 중금속인 비소(As), 카드뮴(Cd), 납(Pb)의 함량과 토양의 화학적 특성을 분석하였다. pH가 증가함에 따 라 식물이 이용할 수 있는 형태의 Cd과 Pb은 감소하였지만, As는 증가하였다. 유기물 함량이 증가함에 따라 식물이 이용할 수 있는 Cd와 Pb의 함량은 증가했지만, As는 감소하였다. 유효인산의 함량이 증가 함에 따라 식물이 이용할 수 있는 형태의 As 함량은 증가했지만 Cd과 Pb의 함량은 감소하였다. 위의 결과들은 토양의 pH, 유기물 함량, 인산함량의 차이에 따라 식물이 이용할 수 있는 As의 함량과 식물 이 이용할 수 있는 Cd, Pb의 함량이 대조적으로 나타나는 경향을 명확하게 보여준다. 따라서 약용작물 재배지에서 중금속 안전 농산물을 생산하기 위해서는 대상으로 하는 중금속의 종류를 설정 후 시비를 통한 토양의 pH, 유기물 함량, 유효인산 함량의 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.