Tantalum nitrides () have been developed to substitute the Cd based pigments for non-toxic red pigment. Various doping elements were doped to reduce the amount of high price Tantalum element used and preserve the red color tonality. Doping elements were added in the synthesizing process of precursor of amorphous tantalum oxides and then Tantalum nitrides doped with various elements were obtained by ammonolysis process. The average particle size of final nitrides with secondary phases was larger than the nitride without the secondary phases. Also secondary phases reduced the red color tonality of final products. On the other hand, final nitrides without secondary phase had orthorhombic crystal system and presented good red color. In other words, in the case of nitrides without secondary phases, doping elements made a solid solution of tantalum nitride. In this context, doping process controlled the ionic state of nitrides and the amount of oxygen/nitrogen in final nitrides affected the color tonality.

흑목이 버섯의 자실체로부터 열수추출에 의해 얻은 조다당 분획물은 흑갈색 색소를 함유하였으므로 활성탄에 의한 탈색공정이 검토된 바 있다. 하지만 활성탄에 흡착된 색소 성분의 회수 및 활성탄의 재사용이 필요하였으므로 용매추출법을 이용한 용출 실험을 실시하였다. 증류수, 중성용매(3종) 및 알칼리 용매(4종) 등 8종 용매에 의한 1단 침출 실험 결과, 색소성분의 용해성은 1 M KOH 용액이 가장 우수하였다. 이러한 최적 용매인 1M KOH 용액을 이용하여 용액의 부피 및 시간에 따른 용출효과를 조사한 결과, 용액의 부피는 활성탄 1 g당 45 mL에서 최적의 용출량을 보였으며, 10분 이내에 빠르게 용출평형에 도달하였고, 용출공정의 용출속도는 2차 속도식으로 나타낼 수 있었다. 또, 25oC에서 1 M KOH 용액에 의한 다단침출의 실험 결과, 7단계 침출에서 최종 용출효율은 88.9%이었다. 그러나 온도가 증가할수록 용출효율이 급격히 높아져 95oC에서는 단일용출만으로 82.6%의 용출효율을 보였다. 한편, 용출 후의 재사용된 활성탄의 흡착효율(75.3%)은 신선한 활성탄(78.5%)과 거의 비슷하였고, 다당 정제율도 거의 비슷하여(1.21-1.25배) 재생 가능함을 보였다. 따라서, 흑목이 버섯의 흑갈색 성분의 탈색 후 흡착된 활성탄으로부터 용매추출을 이용한 효율적인 색소성분의 회수 및 활성탄 재생 공정의 가능성이 확인되었다.

We make high-functional inorganic-composite pearlescent pigment material that coated with carmine on the plate-type particle such as mica. In this experiment, we synthesized composite powder using pH control precipitation method. We make an experiment with changing as synthesis factors that are concentrations of starting material and precipitation materials. We analyzed pearlescent powder's shape, and crystallization with FE-SEM, XRD, and EDS. Optimum condition for preparation of carmine coated mica pearlescent pigment is pH 4.5~5.5.

본 논문은 유색아스팔트 혼합물에 사용된 안료가 유색아스팔트 혼합물 성능에 미치는 영향에 대한 시험 및 분석결과이다. 안료 입자 크기는 필러의 입자에 비하여 매우 미세하기 때문에 배합설계시 필러 량의 조절이 필요하다. 현행의 배합설계를 조사한 결과 필러의 투입량에 관계없이 배합설계시 골재중량의 약 2%를 투입하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 안료의 투입은 필러의 양을 증가시키는 것으로 아스팔트 혼합물의 공극관련 인자(공극률 및 VMA)에 영향을 주어 매우 불안정한 혼합물을 구성하게 된다. 이러한 영향은 포장의 공용성과 파손에 밀접한 관련이 있으며 역학 성능(간접인장강도, 회복탄성계수, 수분 민감도 및 크리프) 저하를 초래하는 것으로 시험결과 발견되었다.

Survival rate and development of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae are decreased by UV-B irradiation (Otsuka and Osakabe, submitted). This is considered to be a reason why this mite prefers lower leaf surfaces host plants. On the contrary, the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri is known to remain on upper leaf surfaces of host plants. Such difference in the distribution was assumed to depend on the difference in UV resistance. Hatchability of P. citri eggs was decreased by UV-B irradiation, yet their eggs were more protected from the UV-B irradiation in company with T. urticae. Eggs of P. citri are reddish, while those of T. urticae are white. To test whether the reddish color invest UV resistance in eggs, pale white eggs of albino strain and reddish eggs of wild type of P. citri were simultaneously irradiated by UV-B. Reddish eggs of wild type showed higher resistant to the UV-B irradiation than the pale-white eggs of albino strain. For the next step, the wild type and the albino eggs of P. citri under UV opaque film (-UV) or under UV transparent film (+UV) were exposed to solar irradiation. Hatchability of albino eggs was signifycantly lower than that of wild type eggs under the + UV condition. Under UV –, both eggs showed higher hatchability than under UV+ conditions. From these results, the wild type eggs of P. citri were likely to have some mechanism protecting itself from ambient UV irradiation, and the red pigment possibly act as a shield againt solar UV radiation. F1 female proceeded by reciprocal crosses between the wild type and the albino strain exhibited reddish body color in their adult stage, indicating that the albino was recessive. Notwithstanding, F1 eggs from the crosses between albino female and wild type male were pale white. After hatching, the F1 larvae also exhibit pale white body color, then the females turned to reddish at their first quiescent stage. F1 progeny from the crosses between wild type female and albino male were all reddish during egg to adult stage. These revealed that the color of eggs and also larvae were conferred as a maternal effect (: eggs of P. citri might be protected by the red pigments as the first gift of their mother.)

황색 꽃의 압화 후의 변색의 원인이 무엇인지를 모색하기 위해 나리, 온시디움, 장미, 튤립, 금어초, 카네 이션, 프리지아, 칼라, 거베라, 해바라기와 라넌큘러스 황색 절화 11종을 식물재료로 사용하였다. 이들 식물 재료의 꽃잎의 특성과 화색소를 분석하고 압화 후의 변색 정도와의 상호 관련성을 검토하였다. 꽃잎 두께, 꽃잎의 장폭비, 그리고 꽃잎의 수분함량은 압화의 변색 에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 카로티노이드에 의해 황색이 발현되는 종은 나리, 온시디움, 장미와 튤립이 었으며, 플라보노이드에 의해 황색이 발현되는 종은 금 어초, 카네이션, 프리지아와 칼라였으며, 카로티노이드 와 플라보노이드가 공존하면서 황색이 발현되는 종은 거베라, 해바라기와 라넌큘러스였다. 카로티노이드가 단 독이거나 플라보노이드와 공존하거나 상관없이 카로티노이드에 의해 황색이 발현되는 경우는 압화의 변색 정도가 심했다. 그러나 플라보노이드에 의해 황색이 발 현되는 종은 거의 변색 되지 않았다. 암처리 한 압화 는 거의 변색되지 않았으나 광처리 한 것은 변색의 정도가 심했다.

Ceramic pigments were developed by using 4 kinds of Brass scraps. Each Brass scraps were mixed with same weight-ratio of Husk ash, and fine-ground by Rotate ring mill(RRG-120, Armstech industrial. co. Ltd, Korea) after firing at 900℃, 1000℃ and 1100℃. As a result, analysis of particle size of synthetic pigments by particle size analyser, they are 3μm as average. The resulting pigments were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, SEM Structure of the crystals are Zn2SiO4,, and ZnO, Cu2O, CuO, and cristobalite are existed and particles' shape are plate or needle. As a result of analysis of chemical composition by XRF, synthetic pigments have high SiO2 and CuO content and have SnO2, ZnO and NiO, too. 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt% pigments were added in each lime glaze, lime-barium glaze and lime-magnesia glaze, and fired at oxidation and reducing atmosphere to figure hue in glazes out. As a result of analysis of color, chroma and brightness by UV, colors of glazes fired at oxidation atmosphere turned into green from sky blue, and colors of glazes fired at reducing atmosphere turned into pink and red.

Lilium속 식물들에서 화색 생합성조절 유전자의 대 사경로 규명을 위해 화학적 및 생화학적 방법을 이 용하여 백합의 flavonol과 anthocyanidin 색소의 생 성여부를 분석하였다. flavonol은 L. longiflorum과 11개의 다른 품종에서 kaempferol(Km)과 quercetin (Qu)의 형태로 spectrophotometer에 의해 검출되었 다. Anthocyanidin 색소로는 ‘Le Reve’, ‘Etude’, ‘Acapulco’, ‘Star Gazer’, ‘Montreux’, ‘Monte Negro’ 에서 cyanidin이 검출되었고, 나머지 품종인 ‘Siberia’, ‘Royal Lace’, ‘Nove Cento’, ‘Elite’, ‘Cannes’에서는 anthocyanidin이 검출되지 않았다. 즉 이들 5개 품종 은 DFR효소 활성이 없는 acyanic 품종인 것으로 나 타났다.

This research paper was studied about current status and utility value of the anthocyanin pigment, according to rise of interest. This was based on past paper and studied current status about anthocyanin pigment of individually crop. And we studied and drew up question form in order to judge utility value of functional food. Analysis showed that it was high recognition of anthocyanin and functional food. Also, the older age rose , the higher distribution of recognition. This recognition was the most by broadcasting. And most people thought that the major effect of anthocyanin is anti oxidation , anti cancer. Also, the older ate the more functional food for the health. We should perform the functional food development, taking advantage of antioxidation, anticancer of anthocyanin. Therefore, the market of the functional food taking advantage of Anthocyanin pigment will grow up.

The study for producing the flake powders by milling of aluminum foil and gas atomized powders was carried out. The effects of lifter bars on the ball motions and milling of aluminum foils were also investigated. The aluminum foils were laminated each other, elongated, fragmented into small foils and finally formed into the flake powders during the dry ball-milling. The spherical atomized-powders were milled to coarse flake powders with high aspect ratio and then changed to fine flake powders with lower aspect ratio. Even though long times were required for making flake powders by milling of foils, the water covering areas of them were higher than those of powders milled using gas-atomized powders, suggesting aluminum foils were more plastically deformed by micro-forging. On the other hand, as the number of lifter bars increased, the necessary rotation speeds of milling jar for cascading mode and cataracting mode decreased drastically. It was possible to achieve same quality of milled flake powder by using the lifter bars under the lower milling speeds. The painting test showed that the appearance of painted surface was good and optimum content range of aluminum paste in car paint to maximize the degree of gloss was 3-5%.

오미자 추출물의 가열 및 저장에 의한 변색을 지연시킴으로써 식품 소재로써 오미자 추출물의 이용도를 증진시키고자 식품에 가장 광범위하게 이용되는 첨가물인 당과 색소 안정화제의 효과를 조사하였다. 단당류로써 glucose, fructose, 이당류로써 sucrose, maltose를 처리한 결과 단당류는 가열에 의한 변색을 촉진시켰고 이당류는 가열에 의한 변색을 억제시키는 효과가 있어 maltose를 10%처리하였을 때 40%정도 변색이 억제되었다. 색소 안정화제 로 각각 1%와 5%의 maltodextrin, β, γ-cyclodextrin, ascorbic acid, phosphoric acid를 첨가하여 조사한 결과 β- 및 γ-cyclodextrin과 maltodextrin 5% 처리구의 경우 DI값이 대조군보다 낮게 나타나 가열 변색에 대한 안정화 효과를 나타내었다. 복잡한 구성성분으로 인하여 matrix 효과를 나타내는 식품에의 적용효과를 조사하고자 오미자 색소 추출물을 첨가한 겔 시스템을 모델 식품으로 사용하여 25℃ 및 35℃에서 저장하면서 표면 색도의 변화를 측정하였다. 저장 온도 및 기간이 증가할수록 a값이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 maltodextrin을 5.0% 첨가한 경우 a 값이 15~20%증가하여 matrix effect가 고려된 실제 식품에서도 색소안정화 효과가 확인되었다.

The morphological patterns and the cytopathogenicity time of the Vero cells induced by free Cd2+ and pigment-bound Cd2+ were observed by inverted microscope in order to investigate the difference of cadmium toxicity. The Vero cells induced by He