2013년 본 학회에서 총담관결석 진료 권고안이 발간된 이후, 최신의 치료 기술을 반영하면서도 국내 의료 환경을 고려한 임상 진료지침 개정에 대한 요구가 있었다. 이에 대한췌장담도학회는 최근까지 발표된 국내외의 총담관결석과 관련된 중요 문헌을 수집, 분석 및 고찰 후, 전문가 집단을 대상으로 설문조사 시행, 임상진료지침을 개정하였다. 개정된 임상진료지침은 1) 총담관결석의 진단, 2) 총담관결석의 내시경 치료, 3) 난치성 총담관결석의 내시경 치료 3개 분야로 작성되었으며, 총 13개의 권고사항과 그 근거를 제시하는 형태로 기술하였다.

본 연구는 관광 관련 서비스 분야에 필요한 특수 목적 중국어(CSP) 교육과정 개 발을 위한 첫 단계로 AI 데이터 기반으로 구축된 구어체 병렬 코퍼스에서 CSP 어휘 리스트를 선정하여 용어색인과 어휘다발(n-gram)등을 분석하였다. 어휘리스트 어휘 규모는 토큰 수 총 304, 228개와 타입 수 17, 286개로 나타났으며, 어휘 누적 증가율 을 분석하면 2-Gram과 3-Gram의 어휘다발이 가장 많았고, 실무 현장에서 가장 많 이 활용되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 구축된 특수 목적 관광 중국어 어휘 리스트는 실제 교육 자료로 제공하여 관광 중국어 학습자와 교수자에게 실용적으로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

래 아만트라우트(Rae Armantraout)는 퓰리처상을 받은 시인이다. 그녀는 24권이 넘는 시집을 출간했으며 수많은 문학상을 수상했다. 그녀는 서정적인 목소리와 자신이 벌거벗은 세상의 삶과 윤리에 대한 분석적인 접근 방식으로 “분석 서정적” 시인으로 인용되었다. 아만트라우트는 환경 시인으로 널리 알려져 있으며 주로 환경 문제와 어린이에 관해 목소리를 냈습니다. 인간 존재의 이중적 성격을 반영하는 그녀의 최근 시집 󰡔최종 후보󰡕(Finalists)(2023)에서도 유사한 문제가 추적되었다. 이 작품은 지구상의 마지막 세대이자 우승에 가까웠지만 결국 준우승자가 된 대회 결승 진출자라는 인간 존재의 이중적 성격을 반영한다. 본 논문을 통해 필자는 레이 아만트라우트의 전 작품과 현대 미국 시에서 그녀의 위치를 기릴 것이다. 그 핵심에서는 그녀의 최근 시집 결선작에서 생태시의 방법론을 분석하고, 다양한 은유와 언어적 모호성을 통해 이 시집에 예시된 물질화의 비판을 재검토할 것이다. 이 컬렉션의 시들은 인간의 정서를 상품화하는 그녀의 분석적 접근 방식을 통해 ‘대상’과 ‘경험’ 사이의 연결을 ‘탈맥락화’ 한다. 그녀의 주요 관심사는 어린이와 인간이 아닌 존재에 있다. 그녀는 물리적이든 디지털이든 물질적 객체가 과거 존재의 흔적을 담고 있다고 비판하며 끊임없이 변화하는 세계에서 물질화의 일시적인 특성을 강조한다.

In recent years, the government has strongly promoted multi-purpose utilization of paddy field. However, poor drainage causes waterlogging stress in upland crops, requiring subsurface drainage technology, resulting in high installation and management costs. To address this issue, a low-cost and high-efficiency technique was developed that utilizes wasted coir substrates which have characteristics of high porosity and good drainage, for upland crop cultivation in paddy fields. Soybeans were grown in both paddy soil and wasted coir slab with two planting densities (80×20 cm and 60×20 cm). The results showed that the coir substrates had better performance than the paddy soil in terms of soil physical and chemical properties and the growth and yield of upland crops are improved. The treatments using wasted coir substrate showed a 41.4% increase in yield and a 21.3% increase in protein content compared to PS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that recycling waste coir substrates to grow upland crops is a positive cultivation strategy to solve some drainage problems in paddy fields. This approach offers a sustainable solution for upland crop production while also addressing the issue of waste management in agriculture.

The ‘Japanese Useful Fisheries Classification Table’, published in advance before the publication of the “Useful Fisheries of Japan”, is the first data to classify and introduce fisheries animals and plants in a single table. Therefore, it had received public attention immediately. However, The academy of animal studies at that time quickly pointed out that this classification table was a mixture of traditional and modern classifications, and that there were too many errors. However, Yoshio Tanaka, who was in charge of revising Yamamoto Arikatana, that wrote the classification table, was not an adherent of traditional taxonomy, nor was he ignorant of modern taxonomy. Nevertheless, the classification table, which was quite different from the well-known zoological classification at that time, was prepared. For example, the top classifications of marine organism are not at the same level, but rather a mixture of phylum and class, while the water insect contains several phylums, including Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Coelenterata. As such, the method of classification of animals in the classification table was hard to understand in the zoological academy at that time. The reason for this unusual taxonomy was that the classification table showed classification of useful fisheries products, not intended to convey academic classification. In other words, it is not for the purpose of academic classification of all fishery products, but for the purpose of presenting standards that can be easily understood by those engaged in the collection, manufacture, and aquaculture of fishery products. This principle of ‘Useful Fisheries of Japan’ is also ascertained in the “Fishing Methods of Japan” and “Fishery Products of Japan”. Regarding the collection and processing of marine products, it could have shown how to catch whales, which are mammals, and how to dismantle whales and obtain oil and meat, according to academic classifications. However, the first appearances in the book include dried squid, abalone, shark fins, and sea cucumbers. In other words, the most important fishery products at that time are presented first. The contents of the classification table, which is considered somewhat bizarre, show where the purpose to compile Useful Fisheries of Japan.

Voice assistance (VA) has been widely adopted in the tourism and hospitality industry to interact and communicate with tourists and provide useful travel recommendations. Although more companies in tourism have adopted environmental sustainability practices and tourists have increased their sustainability awareness, lack of research has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of VA in promoting sustainable consumption of tourism products or services. This study proposes that customising environmental sustainability messages for tourists with different cultural orientations and VA use purposes can enhance their engagement with the VA, which can affect their consumption decision. The results from a scenario-based experiment demonstrate that tourists with interdependent/independent cultural orientation have higher engagement with the environmental sustainability messages communicated by the VA when they are with a non-transactional/transactional purpose. Implications for tourism marketing strategies are discussed.

Corporate purpose is postulated across industries as a strategic success driver. In the context of a literature analysis, this study works out whether the concept of purpose is anchored in well-known concepts such as mission and vision. An empirical study will examine the assessment of purpose in relevant stakeholder groups.

백묘는 중국 전통 회화에서 단색 묵선으로 꽃을 묘사하는 기 법으로 선이 간결하고 간결하며 이미지가 생동감 있는 것이 특 징이다.화훼 스케치의 선화는 독자적인 미학을 나타낸다.그것은 제재에서 화조화의 범주에 속하며 이 범주의 기초이기도 하다. 시기에 따라 화훼 스케치의 선화는 서로 다른 형식적 특징과 정신적 의미를 나타낸다.예술가들은 화훼 스케치 선도의 내용 과 형식의 통일된 아름다움을 끊임없이 탐구한다.현재 세계 문 화 구조의 배경에서 중국과 서양 문화의 교류와 융합은 새로운 단계에 들어섰다.문화일군들은 세계문화에 대해 자신의 견해를 갖고있고 민족문화에 대해 책임감을 갖고있다. 그들은 반드시 우수한 전통문화에 대해 신심을 가지게 될것이며 또 그것을 부 흥시킬 책임도 있게 될것이다. 어떻게 전통적인 화훼 스케치 선도의 도식을 현대 표현과 심 미적 정취에 융합시켜 오늘날 사람들의 정신적 수요를 만족시 킬 수 있는지 우리가 연구하고 탐색할 필요가 있다.

Recently, elevator inspection and self-examination were strengthened through the revision of the Elevator Safety Management Act, but there have been no significant reduction in serious accidents and major failures. Therefore, the government intends to lay the foundation for reflecting the safety quality rating system, which adjusts the elevator inspection cycle, as a policy to induce safety management of preemptive and active management entities. This study systematically reviewed and classified the safety quality rating system for elevator inspection cycle adjustment in previous studies, collected expert opinions, and reconstructed the key items into realistic evaluation items, and evaluated and scored the relative importance of each factor through the AHP technique.

In this study, molten salt experiments were performed using a multi-purpose molten salt experimental loop to evaluate the corrosion and thermodynamic properties of the molten salt. The multi-purpose molten salt experimental loop is made of 1-inch austenitic 316 stainless steel, and 1/4-inch austenitic 316 stainless steel tubes were welded on the surface of a 1-inch pipe to measure temperatures of molten salt. During the experiment, the molten salt leaked due to corrosion of the welded part of the 1/4-inch tube connected to the 1-inch pipe. Therefore, the cause of corrosion damage of the leaked welded part was analyzed. The effect of NaCl-MgCl2 salt selected as the molten salt on corrosion failure was considered. And based on the operation data of molten salt experiments, the time of occurrence of the issue was estimated. Lastly, the cause of corrosion failure was estimated by comparing and analyzing the pipe shape before and after failure using SEM-EDS.

At high temperatures, molten salt has heat transfer properties like water. Molten salt has the characteristics of a strong natural circulation tendency, large heat capacity, and low thermal conductivity. Unlike sodium, molten salt does not react explosively exothermically with air. However, molten salt has a strong tendency to corrode materials, and its properties are easily changed by a sensitive reaction to oxygen and moisture. Therefore, it is necessary to study material corrosion properties and chemical control methods for nuclear fuel salts, which are eutectic mixtures. In this study, the optimal operation method of the thermal convection loop is established to perform the experiments on the molten salt. The process describes briefly as follows. The operation step consists of preparation, purification, transportation, and operation. In the preparation, the step checks the entire structure and equipment (TC, blower, vacuum pump, etc.). And melt the salt mixture at a high temperature (670°C) slowly in the purification step. Before injecting the molten salt, the surface temperature of the entire loop must retain temperature (about 500°C) constantly. Completely melted molten salt in the melting pot is flow along the pipe of the thermal convection loop in the transportation step. Lastly, the convection of molten salt goes to keep by the temperature difference. The thermal convection loop can be utilized for various experiments such as corrosion tests, component analyses, chemistry control, etc.

Molten salt used in the multipurpose molten salt experiment must be of high purity. Depending on the purpose of the experiment, only the base component of the molten salt be used, or a component simulating a nuclear fission product be added to the base component and used. In all cases, an increase in the concentration of impurities such as oxygen and moisture may lead to an erroneous interpretation when analyzing the experimental results. Therefore, molten salt should be purified before use. In this study, the purification of molten salt is described for multi-purpose molten salt experiments. The salt mixture is selected as MgCl2-NaCl and is quantified at a mixing ratio of 43mol%:57mol%. The salt mixture is treated in a glove box environment because of must minimize the reaction of adsorbing oxygen and moisture when the salt mixture is exposed to the atmosphere. MgCl2 is more likely to contain water than NaCl, the purification of the NaCl-MgCl2 mixture is established according to the purification process for removing water from MgCl2. A process for purifying the salt mixture briefly consists as follows: drying moisture, melting salts, purification, removing HCl, and stabilization. Through the process be able to obtain high-purity molten salt and more accurate experiment results.

이 논문은 프로파간다의 목적으로 사용되는 문화예술에 관한 연구로 독일 나치즘에 활 용된 바그너 음악을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 2차대전 전범국인 독일 나치는 자신들의 정책과 우월함을 과시하고 정당화하기 위해 전체주의 확립에 대표적으로 바그너의 음악을 활용하 였다. 그 예로 바그너의 음악들은 나치의 공식적인 국가행사나 정치쇼에 사용되었으며 게 르만 민족과 자신들의 우월성을 과시하기 위하여 바이로이트 축제를 통해 바그너의 극음악 들을 효과적으로 사용하였다. 이번 연구를 통하여 이익집단이 프로파간다의 목적으로 쓰이 는 모습을 통해 예술의 이용이 사회에 미치는 영향을 바라보았다. 전근대 대한민국에서 프 로파간다의 목적으로 예술가의 의도로 또는 의도와 상관없이 쓰이는 모습을 통해, 순수예 술의 목적성을 고찰하여 일반 시민이 경계해야 하는 예술의 모습을 살펴봐야 할 것이다. 이를 통해 문화예술이 이익집단 등 오류집단의 오용으로 인해 문화의 다양성이 파괴되고 획일화되는 위험성을 직시하고 차단 할수 있을 것이다. 이는 다양한 문화가 공존하는 지속 가능한 건강한 사회로 나아가기 위한 문화예술의 긍정적인 모습을 바라볼 수 있게 할 것이 다

Acute pancreatitis can range from a mild, self-limiting disease that requires no more than supportive care to severe disease with life-threatening complications. Therefore, to provide a framework for clinicians to manage acute pancreatitis and to improve national health care, the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) established the first Korean guideline for the management of acute pancreatitis in 2013. However, many challenging issues exist, which sometimes lead to differences in practice between clinicians. Taking together the recent dramatic changes of latest knowledge and evidence newly obtained, the committee of the KPBA decided to perform an extensive revision of the guidelines. These revised guidelines were developed by using mainly Delphi methods, and the main topics of these guidelines fall under the following topics: 1) diagnosis, 2) severity assessment, 3) initial treatment, nutritional support, and convalescent treatment, 4) the treatment of local complication and necrotizing pancreatitis. The specific recommendations are presented with the quality of evidence and classification of recommendations.