In recent years, fiber reinforced polymer plastic composites are readily available in the construction industry. Fiber reinforced polymer composite has many advantages such as high specific strength and stiffness, high corrosion resistance, light-weight, magnetic transparency, etc. In this paper, we present the result of investigation pertaining to the flexural behavior of flange strengthened I-shape pultruded fiber reinforced polymer plastic (PFRP) member using carbon fiber sheet (CFRP sheet). The number of layers of strengthening CFRP sheet, with a value of 0 to 3 was the test variables. From the experimental results, flextural strengthening effect of flange strengthened I-shape PFRP member using CFRP sheet is evaluated and it was found that 2 layers of strengthening CFRP sheet is appropriated considering efficiency and workability.

태국에의 옥수수 재배는 종자 가격의 상승, 잦은 기후변화, 때때로 부족한 종자로 인하여 종자구입을 주저하고 있는 실정인데, 종자의 자가소비 및 이웃농가 보급을 통하여 옥수수 종자구입 비용의 절감을 목적으로, 태국 농업청(Department of Agriculture, Thailand)과 한국 농촌진흥청(Rural DevelopmentAdministration, Republic of Korea)과의 협력으로 AFACI(Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative)의 태국 국별 과제로 옥수수 종자마을 조성(Maize Seed Village) 사업을 선정하여 추진하였다. 대상 품종은 태국 자체 육성종인 건조저항성 단교잡종 나콘사완3(Nakhon Sawan 3)로 교잡종 채종기술은 나콘사완전작물연구소가 운영한 채종농가 훈련을 거쳐 이전되었으며 이를 위하여 종자채종기술 교재 600부를 제작 활용하였다. 2010 여름, 2011 우기, 2011 여름 기간, 총 3작기에 걸쳐 5개주 52개 마을 175농가 96 ha에서 종자 79,988kg을 생산하여 자가 소비 및 이웃 농가 보급에 활용하였다. 생산된 종자의 판매가격은 일반 상업화 종자 가격의 46~60%수준이었으며, 농가는 나콘사완 3 교잡 종자에 대한 채종재배기술과 품종의 성능에 크게 만족하였다.

Korean Volunteer Fire Departments are the representative disaster-related civilian organizations which are based on "Firefighting Framework Act Article 37"and ordinance for complementing the lack of fire-fighting personnel and volunteer and they play a part as community safety keepers. They are operated by the National funding, but cannot be defined as the organization in governmental sources completely or pure volunteer organization in terms of its founding purpose and activities. In these special characteristics, some Volunteer Fire Departments play an important role in Civilian Volunteer Disaster Prevention by being managed effectively, but the others do not. There can be many cause-analyses about this difference. They aren't profit-making organizations and are groups which have no compulsion. So it is important that who the leader is, and what type of leadership he has. By solving this bias by considering these characteristics, in this study we make them perform the center role of community safety network through analyzing the existing status and problems of volunteer fire department education and customized training program reengineering to meet class-specific and regional level.

The purpose of this study is to analyze flexural strengthening capacity of steel structures using composite materials through the experiment. Until now, A Flexural capacity reinforcing method of steel beams has been used by steel plate appending. The conventional method due to the increase in weight of the reinforcement reduces operation efficiency and welding process cause discomfort which due to the interference of other process. But, the specific gravity of AFRP(Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic) strip used as reinforcement in this study is less approximately 20% than steel(SS400) and tensile strength of AFRP is s higher approximately 4 times than steel(SS400). In overseas, CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) was used with civil steel structures but, it is difficult to find examples of applying AFRP. In this paper, A experiments were carried out as a variable(development length and thickness of AFRP and CFRP) for flexural strengthening of steel structures.

The purpose of this study effectiveness of core strengthening exercise programs on symmetric double limb support and balance ability for elderly. The subjects that 30 persons between the ages of 65~80 elderly participated were divided into two groups randomly for 8 weeks. Tetrax interactive balance system and Berg's balance scale were used to assess support and stability. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate the changes before and after intervention. The difference between the groups was compared using an independent t-test. The experimental group showed significantly increase weight support, stability, balance(p<.05). However, the control group not showed significantly increase weight support, stability, balance(p>.05). In a variation, experimental and control groups showed significantly increased rate of weight support, stability, balance(p<.05). Consequently, core strengthening exercise program should be considered as a therapeutic method for the elderly to improve the balance ability and effectiveness on falls.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stabilization, resistance exercise, and combined exercise for lumbar on balance and walking ability of elderly. This study selected 22 subjects of over 65 years old elderly women who satisfy the study condition from A, B and C Senior Citizen's Center, in Daegu. The subjects were divided into groups; 7 for resistance exercise group, 8 for stabilization exercise group, and 7 for combined exercise group(resistance and stabilization exercise). The exercises were conducted for 60min a day, three times a week for 12 weeks. Balance and walking ability were checked before the exercise, 6 weeks later, and 12 weeks later. First, all lumbar muscle strengthening exercises were effective for static balance which changed according to exercising period. In dynamic balance, the resistance exercise group showed significant improvement in sit to stand. Stabilization exercise group showed significant improvement in all factors. The combined exercise group showed significant improvement in sit to stand and timed up and go. There was no difference between the exercise types. Second, the resistance exercise group showed significant change in Cadence which changed according to exercising period. The combined exercise group showed significant improvement in all factors. Between the exercise types, combined exercise was a bit more effective than resistance exercise. According to the result of 12 weeks of lumbar muscle exercise, combined exercise is considered to be the most effective exercise to prevent fall as it helps balance and walking ability slightly more than other exercises. Therefore, this study can understand the risk factors for fall accidents that frequently occur among elderly and adopt the combined exercise to prevent fall which in turn will prevent secondary problems occur from fall accidents and improve quality of life of elderly.

The aim of the study was to identify which fall-prevention program offered in community settings in Korea is the most effective in strengthening muscles. Muscle weakness is one of the major risk factors causing falls among the elderly. Randomized controlled trials and clinical controlled trials published between 1996 and February 2011 were included in this study. Seventeen of the 69 identified studies met the study's criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The overall effect size of the program was .822 (95% confidence interval= .717~.927). The general strengthening exercise (1.608), dance sports training (1.538), Thera-band exercise for lower extremities (1.517), Seniorobic exercise (1.146), gait training (.959), balance training (.909), gradual resistive exercise (.888), and multifactorial fall prevention (.842) programs all show positive effects on muscle strengthening. Subgroup analyses found that more relative effects are seen in programs offered to the more elderly. In this study, the effect of increasing muscle strength on the prevention of falls can only be indirectly suggested; there are few available studies that report the frequency or history of falls in Korea. Further studies are needed to examine the direct effect of fall prevention exercise programs among the elderly.

The aim of this study was to compare electromyography activity for long and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscle according to forearm positions during different triceps strengthening exercises. The muscle activities for long and lateral head of triceps brachii were measured by surface electromyography. Fifteen healthy volunteers participated for this study and performed elbow extension in three different elbow extension exercises (elbow extension in a supine position; EES, elbow extension with shoulder abduction at 90 degrees in a prone position; EESA, and elbow extension with one arm at the side of the trunk in a prone position; EESP) and forearm positions (supination, neutral, and pronation). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the effects of the exercise positions and forearm positions. The EMG activities of the long head of the triceps brachii increased significantly during EESP with forearm supination, whereas the activity of the lateral head of the triceps brachii increased significantly during EESA with the forearm in a neutral position (p<.05). The results of this study suggest that exercise positions and forearm positions should be considered for selectively strengthening the long and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscles.

This study has been conducted on the subjects of eight undergradu˗ ate students with abdominal obesity and eight undergraduate stu˗ dents with normal weight to find out correlation between substantial fatigue and Ratings of perceived exertion through analysis of their blood components when they took exercises to strengthen their abdominal muscular power. Comparatively analyzing HDL-C, LDL-C and lactic acid before and after they took sit-up at level of RPE 19-20, no statistically significant differences in HDL, LDL, lactic acid meas˗ ures were observed between groups, but a significant difference in RPE was noted between groups(p<0.05) Our findings suggest that control group showed no significant differ˗ ence in increase of fatigue material whereas the obese group showed a lower frequency of sit-up, though both groups took the same abdominal exercise. Additionally, the lower frequency of sit-up in obese group results from relatively higher Ratings of perceived exer˗ tion rather than increase of substantial fatigue material. This study invites future research that examines the effect of a comprehensive obesity exercise program combined with dietetic

본 연구는 반복 횡하중 하에서 CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) Sheet로 보강된 철근콘크리트 프레임면내 조적벽체의 전단내력을 평가하여 국내 조적벽체 학교 건축물에 적합한 CFRP Sheet 보강 방안을 제안하는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 조적 허리벽이 있는 1층, 1경간, 1/2 스케일의 시험체를 4개 제작하여 CFRP Sheet의 보강량을 변수로 실험을 수행하였으며 이를 통하여 보강량에 따른 강도와 강성의 변화를 분석하였다. 실험 결과 CFRP Sheet는 시험체의 내력과 강성을 향상시켰으며 특히 기둥과 조적벽을 모두 보강하는 방법을 통한 보강방법에 있어 그 적용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study examined the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and the vastus lateralis (VL) onset time differences (OTD) during quadriceps contraction in different hip positions. Twelve healthy subjects were recruited (four men, eight women). Surface EMG activities of the VMO and VL were measured during a quadriceps strengthening exercise in a long sitting condition and in a sitting at a chair with feet hanging condition. For each condition, subjects were tested in two hip positions (neutral and adduction). The OTD between the two muscles was calculated for each condition, by subtracting the onset time of the VL from the VMO. Therefore, the negative value of OTD represent earlier EMG onset of the VMO compared to the VL. The OTD was not significantly different between the hip neutral and the hip adduction position in the long sitting condition (p=.064). However, the OTD was significantly different between the hip neutral position (15.83±109.51 ms) and hip adduction position (-5.58±121.08 ms) during the sitting at a chair with feet hanging condition (p=.047). The negative OTD value in the hip adduction condition during quadriceps strengthening exercises is the result of earlier onset of the VMO than VL. Therefore, quadriceps contraction in the hip adduction position can prevent the risk of patella lateral tracking. We expect that quadriceps strengthening exercise in the hip adduction position will be a safe way to prevent patellofemoral pain syndrome resulting from abnormal patella lateral tracking.

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Dual Phase (DP), Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP), and Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) steels were investigated in order to define the strengthening mechanism of 0.2 C steel. An intercritical annealing between Ac1 and Ac3 was conducted to produce DP and TRIP steel, followed by quenching the DP and TRIP steel being quenched at to room temperature and by the TRIP steel being austemperingaustempered-air cooling cooled the steel toat room temperature, respectively. The Q&P steel was produced from full austenization, followed by quenching to the temperature between Ms and Mf, and then enriching the carbon to stabilize the austenite throughout the heat treatment. For the DP and TRIP steels, as the intercritical annealing temperature increased, the tensile strength increased and the elongation decreased. The strength variation was due to the amount of hard phases, i.e., martensite and bainite, respectively in the DP and TRIP steels. It was also found that the elongation also decreased with the amount of soft ferrite in the DP and TRIP steels and with the amount of the that was retained in the austenite phasein the TRIP steel, respectively for the DP and TRIP steels. For the Q&P steel, as the partitioning time increased, the elongation and the tensile strength increased slightly. This was due to the stabilized austenite that was enriched with carbon, even when the amount of retained austenite decreased as the partitioning time increased from 30 seconds to 100 seconds.

이 글에서는 제4차 APEC 교육장관회의를 위한 사전준비 심포지엄인 2008년 1월 중국 시안회의 및 4월의 제30차 HRD WG의 EDNET 필리핀 보홀 회의 그리고 6월 페루 리마에서 개최되었던 본 회의언 제4차 APEC 교육장관회의에서 다루어졌던 의제 및 이들 관련자료，그리고 연구자의 중국 시안 회의 참여관찰 등을 바탕으로 APEC 회원국 및 우리나라의 진립기술교육현황을 살펴보고，이 분야에서의 APEC 회원국간 상호 호혜적 국제협력을 위한 시사점 및 몇가지 제안을 제시하였다. 진로/기술교육 분야에서 우리나라가 제안할 수 있는 협력 사업으로APEC HRD WG의 EDNET 진로/기술교육 분야 소그룹 회의 아래에도 특정 진로/기술교육 관련 정책에 대하여 관심이 있는 이해당사국끼리 의견 및 정보를 교환할 수 있는 온라인/오프라인 지원체제 구축과 회원국의 진로/기술교육 발전을 도모하기 위한 정기적인 진로/기술교육EXPO 개최를 제시하였다.

본 연구에서는 현대 가족의 건강한 가족생활을 위한 가족 내ㆍ외적 자원의 지지와 활용이 가능하도록 돕고, 가족의 변화에 적응하고, 새로운 가족의 가치를 창출하고, 가족이 리더로서의 역량을 발휘하는 한 가지 방법으로 리더십 코칭의 이론적 틀을 구축하고, 그 적용방안을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 가족리더십 코칭을 위한 이론적 접근으로서 가족의 역량강화를 위한 기법으로서 코칭 접근의 가능성, 리더십 및 가족리더십 코칭의 이론적 틀을 제시하였다. 그리고 가족리더십 코칭의 실제적 접근에서는 가족리더십 코칭의 모델, 셀프리더십 코칭(7가지 습관), 4가지 리더의 역할(4RL)에 따른 가족통합성장 코칭, 가족리더십 코칭 질문을 제시하였다. 이상을 통해 가족의 역량을 지지하기 위한 한 가지 방법으로 질문을 통해 스스로 해결책을 찾아가는 코칭 대화식 기법과 가족역량강화를 위한 강력한 질문의 일부를 도출해 내었으며, 앞으로 가족코칭 시 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of serratus anterior strengthening exercises on scapular position and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain measurements taken at the resting position in young adults with adducted scapular. The exercise program included stretching of the scapular retractor and strengthening of the serratus anterior muscle. We measured the distance from the midline of the thorax to the vertebral border of the scapular with a tape line (Superior Kibler), and the distance from the 7th cervical spinous process to the acromial angle with 3-dimension motion analysis system, to compare the resting scapular position before and after exercise. Fifteen subjects with adducted scapular were recruited to compare the resting scapular position and VAS. The distance from 7th cervical spine process to acromial angle of the scapular and VAS decreased significantly (p<.01) after exercise, while the distance from the midline of the thorax to vertebral border of the scapular increased (p<.05). The conclusion is that the serratus anterior exercise program altered the resting scapular position and decreased VAS.

This study aims at first reviewing the international principles and domestic law and rules for juvenile inmates' contact with their family members. The convention on the rights of the child and the U.N. rules for the protection of juveniles deprived of their liberty stress the role of family contact and family strengthening strategies in achieving successful reentry and reintegration of inmates. And the Correction law and the Regulation for treatment of juvenile inmates define family strengthening program such as letter sending, visitation in person, family reunion events, telephone service but do not give more detailed directions for juvenile inmates. Based on the notion that the role of family contact and family solidarity is more significant meaning in psychological, mental development of youthful offenders, more active family involvement is inevitable for juvenile inmate's reentry. This article also shows current status of family contact of juvenile inmates with a small survey results. Most of them appear to maintain family contact via letter, telephone, and in-person visitation but, as expected, the frequency decreases as prior criminal records and the sentencing length increase. However, regardless of frequency of family contact, juvenile inmates expect that their family helps them in reintegrating into society. In that point, we need to think offender's family as necessary resources for successful reentry of inmates.