In recent automobile development, vehicle weight reduction has become a very important goal. Seat weight reduction is a large portion of vehicle weight reduction. In this study, a specimen tensile tests were conducted on the Almag material, which is an alloy of aluminum and magnesium, and also conducted on SAFH440, SAFH 590, SAFC780, and SAFH980, which are mild steel materials used in the seat frame. The tensile specimen tests were carried out in two speed; 2mm/s and 4mm/s, and the obtained stress to strain curve was converted to the analysis material card of true stress to true strain curve to be used in the seat structural analysis. The constructed analysis material card was used in the specimen tensile finite element analysis, and the analysis result was able to obtain the stress to strain curve similar to the test result.

In this study, the elastic properties of aluminium nanocomposite representative volumetric element (RVE) reinforced with GNP have been analysed. Pure aluminium is lightweight and has low strength which is not suitable for various aerospace applications. Adding graphene to aluminium gives a highly strengthened nano-matrix. A 3D multiscale finite element (FE) representative volumetric element (RVE) has been developed to estimate the mechanical behaviour of GNP-reinforced aluminium graphene nanocomposite (AGNC). The factors influencing the behaviour of AGNC have been investigated with different weight fractions (wt%), sizes and orientations of GNP. The Young’s modulus of AGNC is enhanced by increasing the wt% of GNP and reducing the size of GNP in the aluminium matrix. The Young’s modulus of AGNC with 1% wt% has been enhanced two times and yield strength by five times than pure Al matrix. In the case of different sizes of GNP, the strength of 15-nm-diameter GNP AGNC enhanced two times and medium-sized GNP, i.e. 30 nm has shown a great combination of strength and ductility. After that different orientations have also influenced the mechanical properties and enhancement shown in layered orientation compared to different angles of GNP.

The sub-frame is located on the lower body of a monocoque type vehicle and serves as an engine and suspension, and is an important object part that receives a lot of load. The existing press-type sub-frame has a large number of parts for assembling, which causes an increase in cost. Changing the machining form of this part from the existing press-type machining method to the hydro-forming machining method has the advantage of reducing the cost and weight at the same time due to the reduction of the process. Therefore, in this study, the purpose of this study is to change the design so that the sub-frame of the existing press type can be changed to the hydro-forming process method. To this end, we intend to present a design method by analyzing the effect on the rigidity of the sub-frame using the existing machining method through shape optimization analysis.

물체의 무게감은 감각 측면에서 중요하게 다뤄진 연구 주제로 물체의 무게뿐만 아니라, 크기, 색상, 재질 등의 영 향을 받아 크기-무게, 색상-무게 그리고 재질-무게 왜곡 현상을 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 온도는 우리의 일상생활에 매우 중요한 환경적 요소이나, 물체의 온도가 무게감에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 충분한 연구가 되어 있지 않다. 본 연구는 물체의 온도가 무게감에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 물체의 온도, 무게를 조정하기 용이한 스테인리스 컵을 무게감 측정 물체로 선정하였고, 온도 5 수준(0, 9, 20, 40, 70℃), 무게 2 수준(250, 400g)의 조합으로 10개의 스테인리스 컵을 준비하였다. 무게감 실험에는 건강한 20대 남여 40명이 참여하였고, modulus 방법에 따라 기준 컵 대비 주어진 컵의 무게감을 평가하였다. 실험 데이터의 분석 결과, 온도, 무게 모두 무게감에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 온도가 무게감에 주는 영향은 물체의 무게에 따라 다르게 나타났는 데, 적은 컵 무게(250g)로 컵의 무게감이 작은 경우 컵의 온도는 무게감에 영향을 주지 않았다. 반면, 큰 컵 무게 (400g)에서 낮은 온도에서 무게감이 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 이의 결과는 온도의 물체 무게감의 영향이 크기-무게 왜곡에 따라 달라짐을 의미한다.

The 37 indicators for performance evaluation of public sewage management agencies are divided into four major categories (agency manpower management ability, wastewater treatment plant operation and management, sludge and water reuse, service quality) in the first stage, and the necessity and score acquisition for the detailed indicators by each major category in the second stages. Priority was investigated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis technique for ease and relevance of company efforts. Also, based on the results of this analysis, integrated type weighting and relative importance were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the weight and relative importance of the first stage classification were in the order of wastewater treatment plant operation and maintenance, operation agency manpower management ability, sludge and water reuse, and service quality. As a result of analyzing the weights and priorities of the detailed performance indicators in the second stage, it was found that operator’s career years, the percentage of certification holding rate in operators, compliance with the effluent water quality standards, training times for operators, and efforts to manage hazardous chemicals were important. Some of the indicators of operation agency performance evaluation may include indicators in which the performance of the company's efforts is underestimated or overestimated. In order to improve this, it is necessary to give weights in consideration of the necessity of the indicator, the relevance of the company's efforts, and the ease of obtaining scores.

Objective: Limited evidence exists concerning whether combined pharmacotherapy is more effective than monotherapy for increased smoking abstinence and post-cessation weight gain prevention. This research investigated the effect of combined pharmacotherapy on smoking abstinence and post-cessation weight change. Methods: A meta-analytic review of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published between January 1990 and July 2016 was conducted across PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Aggregate fixed effects were estimated for continuous abstinence and mean post-cessation weight change. Keyword search terms included: “smoking cessation,” “naltrexone”, “varenicline”, and “bupropion”. Results: Eight RCTs with 2,513 participants were included. Aggregate fixed effect estimates revealed an increase in continuous smoking abstinence (OR = 1.81, p < .001) and mean decrease in post-cessation weight change (-.15 kg, p = .001). Decreased weight change was observed at 6-8 weeks follow-up (-.14 kg, p = .02). Increased mean weight change was observed among varenicline plus nicotine patch abstainers (.21 kg, p = .01), whereas bupropion plus NRT pharmacotherapies showed decreased mean weight change (-.15 kg, p = .01). Conclusion: Combination pharmacotherapy generates increased smoking abstinence and small short-term post-cessation weight change among abstainers, particularly among bupropion plus NRT when compared against varenicline plus nicotine patch.

According to Livestock Inspection Standards, the piglets enter the feedlot at approximately 30 kg, and the inspection starts after the preliminary feeding period. The reason for applying the preliminary feeding period is to select inspection piglets with no diseases after the complete growth of the internal organs until 10 weeks of age. Furthermore, the age of 10 week is the time when the muscle fibers grow to their maximum size and the piglets are prepared for fat deposition at the later fattening period. In the study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed through the mlma command of the genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) program with 703 purebred Landrace population, and the candidate genes associated with the weight of 10 week were searched. The GWAS identified 3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, which have a significant genome-wide suggestive level, on chromosome 6 (DIAS0002615; p-value=1.62×10-6, MARC0083933; p-value=4.94×10-6, ASGA0028717; p-value=5.40×10-6). The 2 genes (Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 4; UBR4, WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1; WDTC1) in which these 3 SNP markers are located are positional candidate genes of the weight of 10 week of the purebred Landrace population. 2 candidate genes have been reported to be associated with fattening. Therefore, the positional candidate genes in this study, UBR4 and WDTC1, are expected to be usable as genes for traits associated with the weight of 10 week weight and fattening through additional experimental research with other population.

A study has been conducted on the structural analysis to reduce the light weight of the electric vehicle rotor shaft. ANSYS Static Structural was used for structural analysis. For weight reduction, the solid shaft was converted into a hollow shaft. The yield strength of the existing material SCM 440 is 655MPa, but to increase its safety, the yield strength is changed to 1,030MPa with SCM822H. At this time, weight reduction of about 47% was achieved. The resonance frequency of the rotor shaft was determined by vibration analysis and the structural safety was analyzed.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the weight values of evaluation items by traffic safety project type. METHODS: In general, a large-scale investment in projects such as the traffic safety project requires economic analyses to be performed in advance. However, there is an argument for considering special characteristics of the traffic safety project. Therefore, this study conducted characteristic analysis of the weight values of evaluation items. The analysis consisted of two steps. The first step was hypothesis verification using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this process, the authors examined whether the weight of evaluation items is the same regardless of the traffic safety project type. Based on the first step's results, the authors proceeded to the second step. The objective of this step was to analyze how different the weight values are by traffic safety project type using an analytic hierarchy process. RESULTS: According to the ANOVA test results, the benefit to cost ratios have different weight values based on traffic safety project type at the 0.01 significance level. The policy evaluation items, such as the plans connection, resident opinion, and regional equity, also showed the same results except that the result for the related plans connection was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Based on the first step's result, the AHP analysis in the second step showed that the traffic safety projects for vulnerable users and pedestrians have very low weight values in economic evaluation factors compared with other safety project types. The weight values for vulnerable users and pedestrians were 0.29 and 0.26, respectively, in economic evaluation items. On the other hand, the weight values for other safety project types were around 0.6. Among the policy evaluation items, resident opinion showed a higher weight value than other factors, such as connection and regional equity items. CONCLUSIONS: The social and economic impact of a traffic safety project varies by project type and project characteristics. Although the economic approach is overarching and a reasonable methodology is applied for large-scale projects, it should be noted that the safety issue, especially for transportation of vulnerable uses, requires a non-economical approach. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests that the priority of the projects should be determined by separating them into independent assessment groups depending on their characteristics.

RC 플랫 플레이트 시스템은 공기단축, 시공성 향상, 층고 절감 등의 장점이 있으나, 장스팬 적용 시 슬래브의 작은 휨강성 으로 인해 균열 손상 및 과다 처짐이 발생하는 경향이 있다. 특히, 시공 중 슬래브 자중에 의한 과하중의 작용이 슬래브의 장단기 처짐을 증가시킬 수 있다. 이러한 문제점은 자중 저감이라는 장점을 갖고 있는 중공 슬래의 사용을 통해 해결할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 슬래브 처짐에 대한 중공 슬래브의 자중저감 효과를 분석하기 위하여 변수연구를 수행한다. 콘크리트 강도, 슬래브 시공주기, 동바리 지지층수, 압축철근비, 인장철근비 등의 변수조건들을 포함하여, 시공단계, 콘크리트 균열, 장 기 효과를 고려한 시공하중 및 처짐을 산정한다. 일반 슬래브와 중공 슬래브에 대한 시공 중 단기처짐과 완공 후 장기처짐을 비교하고, 슬래브 처짐에 대한 중공 슬래브의 효과를 분석한다.

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of block pavements using multi-load level falling weight deflectometer (FWD) deflections. METHODS: Recently, block pavements are employed not only in sidewalks, but also in roadways. For the application of block pavements in roadways, the structural capacities of subbase and subgrade are important factors that support the carry traffic load. Multi-load level FWD testing was conducted on block pavements to analyze their nonlinear behavior. The deflection ratio due to the increase in load was analyzed to estimate the nonlinearity of block pavements. Finite element method with nonlinear soil model was applied to simulate the actual nonlinear behavior of the block pavement under different levels of load. RESULTS: The results of the FWD testing show that the center deflections in block pavements are approximately ten times greater than that in asphalt pavements. The deflection ratios of the block pavement due to the increase in the load range from 1.2 to 1.5, indicating that the deflection increased by 20~50%. The material coefficients of the nonlinear soil model were determined by comparing the measured deflections with the predicted deflections using the finite element method. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the nonlinear behavior of block pavements was reviewed using multi-load level FWD testing. The deflection ratio proposed in this study can estimate the nonlinearity of block pavements. The use of nonlinear soil model in subbase and subgrade increases the accuracy of predicting deflections in finite element method.

본 논문에서는 유한요소법을 이용하여 공동주택의 중량충격음을 예측하기 위해 구조해석 모델과 음향해석 모델을 개발하고 예측결과와 실험결과를 비교하여 정확성을 검증하였다. 패널 임피던스 값을 사용하여 거실의 적절한 흡음 특성을 반영할 수 있었으며, 수치해석에 주파수 응답함수 특성을 적용하여 1회 수치해석만으로 다양한 충격원에 대한 응답을 예측할 수 있도록 하였다. 구조진동에 의한 실내 소음해석은 유한요소 수치해석 기법이 진동 및 음향모드에 대한 응답을 비교적 정확하게 예측할 수 있도록 하였으며, 본 연구의 예측결과는 실험결과와 비교적 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 향후 정확도가 보다 향상된 수치해석 모델개발을 통해 바닥충격음 저감에 효과적인 공동주택 설계가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Two key challenges in statistical relational learning are uncertainty and complexity. Standard frameworks for handling uncertainty are probability and first-order logic respectively. A Markov logic network (MLN) is a first-order knowledge base with weights attached to each formula and is suitable for classification of dataset which have variables correlated with each other. But we need domain knowledge to construct first-order logics and a computational complexity problem arises when calculating weights of first-order logics. To overcome these problems we suggest a method to generate first-order logics and learn weights using association analysis in this study.

The automotive industry in the research and development cost ratio accounted for high technology coefficient of specialization research and development budget. development and adoption of innovative technologies such as new materials technology, electronics technology, information and communications technology and new production systems is a source of competitive products. because permanent magnets without applying an external magnetic field in the BLDC motor drive system parts for EV can be supplied. it has been used in several areas. permanent magnet in the different kinds of motor parts materials is one of the key components. permanent magnet is a relatively fast rate of technological advances, changes in price is considered the fastest. in this paper, the BLDC motor parts produce by the core making method of casting method moulding analysis. moulding density was measured. As a result, the moulding density is measured 7.2~7.5g/cm2 results were excellent.

The objectives of this study were to make comparative kinematic and kinetic analysis on major motions in clean & jerk and snatch of weight lifting and to systematize the results for enhancing the athletic performance of male middle school students beginni

프로테오믹스 기법을 이용하여 벼 고온 스트레스 관련 단백질을 분리 동정하기 위하여 에서 고온처리한 벼의 줄기로부터 단백질을 분리하였다. 분리한 단백질로부터 Rubisco 단백질을 제거하기 위해 15% PEG fractionation을 실시한 후 상등액 분획의 단백질을 이차원전기 영동한 후, CBB 염색을 통해 차별적 발현을 보이는 단백질을 분석하였다. 총 46개의 단백질 spot이 발현양에 변화를 보였으며, 그 중 24개의 단백질이 고온 스트레스에 의해