The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the discourse-analytic studies in Korean sociolinguistics, mainly analyzing articles published in The Sociolingustic Journal of Korea. To achieve this goal, this article discusses definitions of ‘discourse’ and ‘discourse analysis’, and approaches to discourse. The examination of the articles in the journal shows that major studies in Korean sociolinguistics can be summarized as in the following: (i) functional approaches to language and discourse markers, (ii) conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, (iv) media discourse and critical discourse analysis, (v) analysis of public speeches and advertisements, (vi) electronic discourse (internet and SNS discourse), among others. This overview shows that discourse-analytic studies in Korean linguistics have focused on certain specific topics such as discourse markers, conversation-analytic studies, critical discourse studies, and electronic discourse, differing in topics from sociolinguistic studies in American and other societies. This overview suggests that more sociolinguistic studies need to be carried out in the fields such as intercultural communication, electronic discourse, and gender-based discourse as further research topics in Korean sociolinguistics.

2019년 6월 30일, 일본은 상업포경을 위해 31년 만에 국제포경위원회를 공식 탈퇴했다. 일본의 이 같은 행태는 과거 호주와의 국제사법재판소 소송에서 예 고된 것이라 볼 수 있다. 2010년 5월 31일 호주는 “일본의 제2단계 남극에서의 고래조사프로그램(JARPA II)”의 특별허가에 따라 시행된 대규모 포경이 국제 포경규제협약 및 기타 해양포유류와 해양환경의 보전을 위한 국제 의무를 위반 하였다고 ICJ에 일본을 제소하였다. ICJ는 일본이 JARPA II 관련, 고래의 살상, 포획 및 취급을 위해 부여한 특별허가는 포경협약 제8조 제1항에서 규정한 “과학조사 목적을 위한” 것이 아니라고 결론을 내렸다. ICJ는, 일본이 고래를 살상 하고 포획하거나 취급할 수 있도록 JARPA II를 통해 발급한 모든 허가 또는 면허를 취소하여야 한다고 명령하였다. 또한 ICJ는 일본이 프로그램을 수행하 면서 포경협약 제8조 제1항에 따른 그 어떠한 추가적인 허가도 부여하는 것은 자제하라고 명령하였다. 이 사건의 특징이라고 할 수 있는 것은 ICJ가 오로지 사실관계가 협약에 부합하는 지의 여부만을 검토하였다는 것에 있다. 특히 ICJ 는 포경협약 제8조 제1항에 규정되어 있는 “과학조사 목적을 위한”이라는 문구 를 보다 면밀하게 검토하여 상업포경과 과학조사 목적의 포경을 명확하게 구분 하였고, 고래의 보존에 대한 국제사회에 인식을 환기시켰다. 이러한 국제 재판 의 판결 경향을 파악하여, 우리가 직면하고 있는 국제적 현안에 대한 향후의 대응방안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 이 논문에서는 남극해 포경사건에 대한 ICJ의 판결을 분석하여, 우리나라의 국제분쟁 대응에 대한 시사점을 도출해본다.

현대의 압수수색이 과거와 확연히 달라진 점 중 하나는 수사기관이 정보저장매체 등 대규모의 정보가 담긴 물건을 압수수색하여 비교적 수월하게 광범위한 전자정보를 확보할 수 있다는 점이다. 그러나 개인정보 보호 관점에서 현행 전자정보 압수수색 제도는 문제점이 많다. 압수수색 청구의 대상이 되는 범위에 관하여, 수사기관이 프라이버시에 대한 침해를 염두에 두지 않고 범죄혐의와 관련성이 존재할 수 있는 모든 정보저장매체 그 자체를 압수수색의 대상으로 특정하여 압수수색을 실행하는 경향이 있다. 또한 영장 집행과정에서 전자정보의 선별 압수보다는 복제본 또는 저장매체 원본을 외부로 반출하는 경우가 더욱 빈번하여 예외적 상황이 원칙화되고 있다. 선별절차에서는 범죄혐의 관련성 기준이 불명확하고, 담당 수사팀의 관여 하에 선별절차가 진행되어 충분한 선별이 이뤄지지 않고, 피압수자 입장에서도 개인의 내밀한 정보가 수사기관에 제공되는 것에 대하여 적극 저지할 인센티브가 생각보다 강하지 않다. 실무상 압수 목록 교부가 지연되는 경우도 있으며, 수사기관이 범죄혐의와 무관한 개인정보 를 보유하고 있는 것에 관하여 제도상 통제가 부족하다. 범죄사실과 무관한 개인정보를 압수하는 것은, 헌법과 법률에 규정된 적법절차 원리 및 영장주의에 위반됨은 물론이고, 나아가 헌법상 사생활의 비밀과 자유의 침해 및 개인정보법령 등 위반으로 이어질 수 있다. 그리고 개인정보 오남용, 유출 사태로 확대될 가능성도 존재한다는 점에서 문제의 소지가 적지 않다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 전자정보 압수 수색 시 키워드를 특정한 영장 청구/발부를 원칙화하고, 선별 단계에서 수사팀과는 별도의 중립적인 선별팀을 구성하고 피압수자의 충분한 검토를 보장하며, 압수수색된 전자정보 상세목록 제시 후 수사팀이 자료탐색을 개시하도록 하며, 수사기관이 법원에 집행계획서, 집행보고서를 제출하도록 하는 개선안을 제시해본다.

밭농업의 기계작업을 복합기로 일관화하기 위하여 관행의 개별적 기계를 모듈화하고 일체화시켜 둥근두둑 작물의 재배체계에 맞추어 구성하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 둥근두둑 복합작업기의 작업성능을 파악하는데 근거가 되는 슬립의 특성을 분석하여 집약농업의 작업효율을 극대화 할 수 있는 복합작업기의 운용방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 도플러 레이더 속도계를 사용하여 무부하 기준속도를 콘크리트 지면에서 주행속도를 측정하고, 후륜 동반경을 결정함으로써 이론 회전속도를 이용하여 제로슬립 속도를 계산하였다. 연구의 결과는 변수의 유의한 영향에도 불구하고 심하게 낮은 슬립의 범위(3.9-8.9%)에 있음을 보였다. 이는 복합작업기의 무거운 중량에 대응한 정적 후방전도 안정성을 위하여 카테고리 2급 트랙터를 사용하였기 때문이다. 로타베이터를 기본으로 하는 집약농업의 경우 작업속도(2.0-4.0km/h)가 저속이므로‘gear up throttle down’원리가 적용되지 않으며 연료의 소비량은 운용비용에 절대적이지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 복합기의 운용은 견인 및 연료효율에 맞춰져서는 큰 이득이 예상되지 않으며, 파종상토와 멀칭작업의 품질, 즉 작업결과에 초점이 맞춰져야 한다.

Background: Stroke patients exhibit arm global synkinesis (GS), involuntary movement due to muscle weakness and irregular muscle tension. But currently there are few studies examined the effects of GS on activates of daily living in stroke patients. Objectives: To investigate the effects the effects of task-oriented bilateral movements, which promote brain plasticity and are based on neurological theory, using the unaffected arm and the affected arm. Design: Quasi-randomized trial. Methods: Twenty stroke patients were randomly assigned to experimental group I (n=10) and experimental group II (n=10). Before the intervention, arm GS was measured using surface electromyography, and the Motor Activity Log evaluated the quantitative and qualitative uses of the affected arm in daily life. The same items were measured four weeks later. Results: The changes in the GS of the arm of experimental group I showed statistically significant differences only in bending motions (P<.05). Both groups showed statistically significant differences in the amount of use (AOU) and the quality of movement (QOM) scores (P<.01). Comparing the groups, statistically significant differences in GS appeared during bending motions (P<.05), and in the AOU (P<.01) and the QOM scores (P<.05). Conclusion: The intervention in GS reduced the abnormal muscle tension of the affected side by increasing the use of the ipsilateral motor pathway, indicating its effectiveness in improving upper limb functions with smooth contraction and relaxation of the muscles.

The occurrence of exotic weeds and their influx into farmlands due to climate change poses many problems. Therefore, it is necessary to generate a prediction model for the occurrence pattern of these exotic weeds based on scientific evidence and devise prevention measures. The photosynthetic apparatus is known as the most temperaturesensitive component of a plant cell and its initial response to temperature stress is to inhibit the activation of photosystem II. This study investigated the potential of OJIP transients in assessing temperature stress in exotic weeds. The four exotic weeds currently flowing into Korean farmlands include Amaranthus spinosus, Conyza bonariensis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, and Amaranthus viridis. These weeds were treated at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C and the OJIP curves and JIP parameters were measured and analyzed. The results showed that heat and chilling stress affected the photosystem II (PSII) electron transport of A. spinosus, whereas C. crepidioides and A. viridis were more affected by high-temperature stress than by low-temperature stress. Lastly, C. bonariensis showed resistance to both high and low-temperature stress. The results of this study suggest that OJIP transients and JIP parameters can be used to analyze damage to the photosynthetic apparatus by temperature stress and that they can serve as sensitive indicators for the occurrence pattern of exotic weeds.

The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the effects of temperature and relative humidity on two electrochemical sensors measuring hydrogen sulfide and ammonia using a laboratory testing system for various sensors, and (ii) to propose a calibration method for those concentrations to collect more reliable monitoring data. The effect of temperature and relative humidity was tested under three different conditions, respectively. The linearities measured data under all different conditions for the relative humidity and temperature were excellent, indicating more than 0.99 of R2 for both odor sensors. Under the condition of zero concentration, baselines (intercepts) at zero increased with increasing relative humidity for both hydrogen sulfide and ammonia sensors. The rate of gas concentration according to ADC variation (slopes) increased with increasing relative humidity about only the hydrogen sulfide sensor. In this study, slope, and intercept are utilized for calibration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia concentration, and the reliability of the data of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia sensors is further enhanced by the relational expression obtained by this paper.

단감 과수원에서 문제가 되고 있는 노린재의 방제 목적으로 사용되는 페로몬트랩의 유인거리를 확인하고, 페로몬트랩의 효율을 증가시킬 수 있는 끈끈이트랩의 사용효과에 대하여 알아보고자 수행되었다. 노린재에 마커로 표시한 후 방사하여 페로몬트랩과 끈끈이트랩에 재포획된 개체수를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 페로몬트랩에 톱다리개미허리노린재가 60 m까지 유인되는 것을 확인하였으며, 끈끈이트랩의 포획률은 0주차 35%, 1주에서 27%, 2주에서 34%, 3주에서 2.9%, 4주에서 0.6%로, 3주 이후부터 급격히 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. 페로몬트랩과 끈끈이트랩을 동시에 사용한 경우가 페로몬트랩만 단일로 사용한 경우보다 약 12배 높은 포획률을 보였다.

As the part of efforts to respond to the environmental pollution, the demand for clean energy is increasing. Natural gas is one of the most realistic alternatives, and interest in the storage and transportation containers to utilize the natural gas is growing. The production area of ​​natural gas is limited, and in Korea, it is imported in the form of liquefied natural gas. LNG is a cryogenic state with a vaporization point of -163°C, so the ordinary metal cannot be used due to its brittleness. The international maritime organization (IMO) defines the metals that can handle LNG in the IGC Code, and the research is ongoing. This study was a preliminary study to check the weldability of related metals and confirmed the shape of bead on plate (BOP) during the laser welding for each material. In part I, a study was conducted on the high manganese steel, and in part II, a study was conducted on the materials of STS304L and STS316L among the stainless steel. Based on this study, it can be used as an optimal welding condition for the butt and fillet welding.

The estimation of heat source model is very important for heat transfer analysis with finite element method. Part I of this study used adaptive simulated annealing which is one of the global optimization algorithm for anticipating the parameters of the Goldak model. Although the analysis with 3D model which depicted the real situation produced the correct answer, that took too much time with moving heat source model based on Fortran and Abaqus. This research suggests the procedure which can reduce time with maintaining quality of analysis. The lead time with 2D model is reduced by 90% comparing that of 3D model, the temperature distribution is similar to each other. That is based on the saturation of heat transfer among the direction of heat source movement. Adaptive simulated annealing with 2D model can be used to estimate more proper heat source model and which could enhance to reduce the resources and time for experiments.

In this study, Bacillus sp. SRCM 112835 was isolated from soybean paste (Doenjang, Korean Fermented Soy Paste). Bacillus sp. SRCM 112835 showed biosorption of the Cu (II) in aqueous solution. The strain effectively absorbed 30.2% of the Cu (II) from a 52.3 mg/L within 60 min. The properties of the Bacillus sp. SRCM 112835 were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), point of zero charge (pHpzc), and phylogenetic analysis. The influence of initial pH (2.08-9.98) and biomass dosage (0.005-0.07 g) were likewise probed. Isotherm and kinetic experiment results suggested that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models well-fitted the experimental data, respectively.

Natural gas is the most realistic fuel among eco-friendly fuels. Natural gas production is limited, and in Korea, it is supplied and utilized in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG). In the case of LNG, the vaporization point is 163 degrees below zero, so ordinary metal cannot be used due to its brittleness. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) defines metals that can be used in the IGC Code, and is used for storage containers, transportation containers, etc. based on the metals. Welding is essential in the manufacture of large structures such as LNG storage tanks. In this study, weldability studies related to cryogenic materials were conducted. In Part I of this study, high-manganese steel and part II were studied for two types of stainless steel (STS304L, STS316L), and in Part III, aluminum (AL5083). During laser welding, the shape of the Bead on Plate (BOP) was analyzed, and a total of nine cases were analyzed using laser power and welding speed as variables. It was confirmed that the penetration and the width of the welding width were linearly proportional to the amount of heat input. Based on this study, it is possible to conduct a follow-up study to find the optimal welding conditions for butt welding and fillet welding.

자연재해 발생을 예방하기 위한 방재센서 기술이 중요하며 광섬유를 이용한 센서에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문은 광섬유 센서 내장 탄소섬유시트로 보강된 RC보의 계측된 데이터로 결함 탐지 연구를 수행하였다. 미분의 국부적 변동 특성을 이용한 Method Ⅰ과 컨벌루션 방법을 이용한 Method Ⅱ를 비교, 분석하였다. 다른 차원의 데이터를 비교하기 위해서 무차원화 시켰으며, 분석 결과 Mehtod Ⅱ가 결함의 위치를 예리하게 잘 탐지하는 것으로 나타났다. Method Ⅱ인 컨벌루션에 사용 되는 필터 벡터를 잘 응용하면 더 좋은 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In a previous paper, ambient vibration tests were conducted on a cable stayed bridge with resilient-friction base isolation systems (R-FBI) to extract the dynamic characteristics of the bridge and compare the results with a seismic analysis model. In this paper, a nonlinear seismic analysis model was established for analysis of the bridge to compare the difference in seismic responses between nonlinear time history analysis and multi-mode spectral analysis methods in the seismic design phase of cable supported bridges. Through these studies, it was confirmed that the seismic design procedures of the “Korean Highway Bridge Design Code (Limit State Design) for Cable Supported Bridges” is not suitable for cable supported bridges installed with R-FBI. Therefore, to reflect the actual dynamic characteristics of the R-FBI installed on cable-supported bridges, an improved seismic design procedure is proposed that applies the seismic analysis method differently depending on the seismic isolation effect of the R-FBI for each seismic performance level.

This experiment was aimed to identify concentrations of mineral nutrients in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown on hydroball aquaponics and in the water for growing fish by conducting two experiments. The experiment I (Expt. I) was conducted with 12 fishes (F12) with and without filter, hydroball and plants (H12 (12 fishes, hydroball), FHP12 (12 fishes, filter, hydroball, 6 plants) and HP12 (12 fishes, hydroball, 6 plants)), and the experiment II (Expt. II) was with and without plants (FH15 (15 fishes, filter, hydroball), FHP15 (15 fishes, filter, hydroball, 6 plants)). The pH level in the water of all the treatments was decreased during the growing period, and the pH and EC of the water were lower in all the treatment with plants than those without plants in both Expt. I and Expt. II. When compared with adequate nutrient concentrations for hydroponics, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the fish growing water were higher under the FHP15 treatment in Expt. II; however, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were only 16, 49, and 82% of hydroponics, representatively, and iron (Fe) was not detected. The fresh weight of lettuce harvested from the FHP15 treatment was 38 g, only a 30% of marketable lettuce yield. The T-N and P contents of the leaf tissue grown under the FHP15 treatment were close to the optimal level; however, the K, Ca, and iron (Fe) contents were less than the optimal with no deficiency symptom.

The purpose of this study was to compare the earth science curriculums of South Korea and North Korea. Aspects such as the content of the curriculums and the timing of learning were analyzed, in order to provide basic data that can be used to design a revised and integrated Korean curriculum. The objects of this study were South Korean Science textbooks from grades 5-9, and the high school Unity of Science and Earth Science I and II textbooks. Additionally, from North Korea, the junior middle school Natural Science 1 and 2 textbooks and the senior middle school Chosun Geography 2 and Geography 1 textbooks were analyzed. The results of this study obtained through an analysis that used the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS 2019) grade 8 earth science assessment framework were as follows. First, South Korea needs to adopt iterative learning. Repetitive learning, which is effective for understanding what is being learned, is applied to only 1 by 8th grade. Second, South Korea needs to adjust the time when certain content is learned. This is because there is a disparity between when content is learned in comparison to North Korea, and the timing of learning of about 50% of the TIMSS standards have not been followed. Third, it is necessary to reflect the content present within the TIMSS that have not been learned. This can be a way to increase the nations’ educational competitiveness in the international community. This paper proposed a comparative analysis of South korean and North Korean approaches to the earth science curriculum and conducted practical research to facilitate the construction of an integrated curriculum.