Cosmetics using natural materials which was purchased in retail stores, distributed in Gyeonggi province(32 samples) and online through internet(24 samples) were analyzed by pesticide residues and target preservatives for assessing the safety of it. Natural or organic certifications was identified in 22 samples among 56 samples and most of them were Ecocert. Pesticide residues was detected in 3 samples among 56 samples and each compound and concentration was permethrin(0.6 mg/kg), tricyclazole(11.7 mg/kg) and malathion(0.05 mg/kg). All of it was purchased through internet. Target preservatives was detected in 13 samples among 56 samples and one of them was over the maximum allowed concentration and the rest of them were within the maximum allowed concentration of the respective preservatives. The compound which was over the maximum allowed concentration was benzoic acid and compounds which were within the maximum allowed concentration were sorbic acid, benzoic acid and methylparaben. They were all identified substances in products and the number of detected preservatives in retail stores were higher than online samples purchased through internet. As a result of this study, The method of analyzing pesticide residues and limit in cosmetics using natural materials should be set up as soon as possible and the monitoring about preservatives in cosmetics using natural materials should be conducted on continuously.

느타리버섯은 시중의 재배기술이 발전하여 느타리와 큰느타리의 전체 생산 및 소비가 버섯전체생산의 약 50%를 차지하여 재배품종의 주류를 형성하고 있다. 하지만 UPOV 및 FTA 등의 문호개방에 따라 로열티 지불 등에 대응할 수 있는 품종육성이나 신기술 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 느타리버섯의 성장단계별 유전적 발현을 분석하기 위해 cDNA 라이브러리를 성장단계별 10단계로 구분하여 12,342 ESTs를 구축하였다. 기존에 등록된 29,211 EST와 함께 분석한 결과 contig 4,939로 40%를 보여주었다. 이것을 기능별로 분류하였을 때 생물학적 과정 (Biological process) 27%, 세포 요소 (Cellular component) 35%, 분자 기능 (Molecular function) 38%로 분포하였다. 생물학적 과정에서는 생리학적 과정과 세포 과정이 각각 50%와 46%, 세포 요소에서는 세포와 세포부분이 각각 35%, 분자 기능에서는 촉매활성과 결합력이 각각 44%와 40%를 차지하였다. 유전자군별로 다양한 발현 패턴을 보여주었으며 조직특이적 발현은 약 13%를 나타내었다.

Compared with bulk material, quantum dots have received increasing attention due to their fascinating physical properties, including optical and electronic properties, which are due to the quantum confinement effect. Especially, Luminescent CdSe quantum dots have been highly investigated due to their tunable size-dependent photoluminescence across the visible spectrum. They are of great interest for technical applications such as light-emitting devices, lasers, and fluorescent labels. In particular, quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes emit high luminance. Quantum dots have very high luminescence properties because of their absorption coefficient and quantum efficiency, which are higher than those of typical dyes. CdSe quantum dots were synthesized as a function of the synthesis time and synthesis temperature. The photoluminescence properties were found strongly to depend on the reaction time and the temperature due to the core size changing. It was also observed that the photoluminescence intensity is decreased with the synthesis time due to the temperature dependence of the band gap. The wavelength of the synthesized quantum dots was about 550-700 nm and the intensity of the photoluminescence increased about 22~70%. After the CdSe quantum dots were synthesized, the particles were found to have grown until reaching a saturated concentration as time increased. Red shift occurred because of the particle growth. The microstructure and phase developments were measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively.

The safety of liquid-type herbal preparations (47 samples) and beverages containing herbal medicines (18 samples), which are distributed in Gyeonggi province was studied by analyzing heavy metals,benzo(a)pyrene, preservatives and sugar content and to explain the differences between medicine and food based on the labeling standards. The herbal preparation is regarded as medicine and can be differentiated from the beverages containing herbal medicine, which is food, based on the fact that the herbal preparation should be labeled with usage,dosage, efficiency and effect. The mean concentrations of Pb, As, Cd, Hg were found to be 0.014 mg/kg, 0.113 mg/kg, 0.004 mg/kg and 0.003 mg/kg in herbal preparation and 0.009 mg/kg, 0.122 mg/kg, 0.003 mg/kg and 0.002 mg/kg in beverages containing herbal medicines, respectively. In 10 cases of herbal preparations and 6 cases of beverages containing Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Sukjihwang), benzo(a)pyrene was not found. According to preservative test on herbal medicine, dehydroacetic acid was found less than the indicated content in 6 cases out of 37 cases, which labeled with preservatives, and benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid and methylparaben were contained with 164.0~198.0 mg/kg, 149.8~272.5 mg/kg and 88.4 mg/kg, respectively, in 3 cases out of 10 cases, which was not labeled with preservatives. Among 16 cases of beverages containing herbal medicines, 3 cases of preservative-labeled beverages had the preservatives, and the rest of all, which was not labeled with preservatives, did not show that they contain any preservative, therefore, it was suitable for the labeling standards. As a result of sugar content test, preservative-labeled products were not appreciably different from the others.

분리막을 이용한 수처리 공정에서 유입 수에 함유된 부유물질이나 기타 오염물질이 막 표면 또는 내부에 축적 흡착 등의 막 오염현상으로 인해 막 성능 감소와 함께 막 분리 공정에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 막 표면에서의 막 오염현상을 실시간으로 모니터링 할 수 있는 기술을 연구하였다. 투명한 오염물질에 의한 분리막 표면 오염을 측정하기 위해 막 표면에 360 nm 파장의 가시광선을 조사하여 이미지를 R. G. B 값으로 추출하여 막의 오염현상을 실시간으로 모니터링 하였다. 추출된 이미지 중 400~499 nm 파장영역인 B 값이 가장 강도가 강하게 나타났다. 막 오염정도의 변화를 이미지의 강도 차이로 관찰함으로써 실시간 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다.

수처리 분리막 공정에서 막 오염 제어 기술은 현장 적용 기술 및 경제성 확보에 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 형광 나노 입자 및 형광 분광 분석법을 도입함으로써 수처리 분리막 공정에서 막 오염 정도를 실시간으로 측정 모니터링 할 수 있는 센싱 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 막 오염 정도를 모니터링 할 수 있는 분리막 제조를 위해 세 종류의 형광물질 OB, FP, KCB를 담지한 다공성 polysulfone (PSf) 비대칭 막을 제조하였다. 형광 분광 분석 시스템을 이용하여 분리막 표면에서의 오염 정도를 실시간으로 측정한 결과, 형광 물질을 첨가한 막은 막 오염이 진행됨에 따라 형광 신호가 크게 감소함을 보여 막 표면 오염층의 모니터링 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다.

Fish kill incidents are not rare in the upstream region of the Han River where overall water quality is suitable for supporting a fish community. However, the causes of fish kills are often not identified. In this study we examined the cause of a fish kill in an upstream tributary of the North Han River (Seo Stream, Yanggu County). In the field survey at the time when the fish kill occurred, the results did not indicate any harmful concentrations of heavy metals or toxic pesticides. Instead several tons of gingko (Ginkgo biloba) seed coat wastes were found in the water along the reach of fish kill site. Because gingko is known to be toxic, it was suspected as a cause of the fish kill. Recently gingko production has been increasing in Korea, and it is common practice for farmers to wash the seed coats of seeds in streams because the seed coats are toxic and emit an offensive odor. Toxicity of gingko fruit to humans is well known, but the toxicity to aquatic biota has not been previously reported. We investigated the toxicity of gingko seed coat extract to an invertebrate (Daphnia magna) and a fish (Oryzias latipes). After 48 hours exposure to seed coat extract the EC50 of Daphnia immobilization was 0.35% of a mixture corresponding to a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of 413 mgC L−1. In the fish experiment, the LC50 after 96 hours exposure was 0.4% of the extract mixture corresponding to a DOC of 440 mgC L−1. Thus gingko seed coat is toxic to aquatic animals and gingko washing was the likely cause of the fish kill incident. Our results suggest that gingko seed coat waste should be treated properly and not disposed of in streams.

약리반응속도론(Pharmacokinetics) 모델을 적용하여 최근 개발되고 있는 항바 이러스성 생화학 작물보호제의 정량적 약효 검정 및 작용기전 탐색 기술을 개발하 고자 본 연구에서는 이를 위한 약리반응속도론적 파라미터를 아래와 같이 정의하 고 사례 실험을 수행하였다. 시험약제를 식물체 또는 바이러스 매개충에 분무처리 하고 (매개충의 보독화 직후 약제처리 하고 시험 유묘에 충 접종) 경과 시간에 따 라 시험 유묘에서 바이러스의 발병율을 검정하면 약효에 따른 발병율을 무처리와 비교 가능하다. 이 때 시간에 따른 발병율의 회귀 곡선식에서 MVIT50 (바이러스 전달 후 감염율 50%에 도달하는 시간), MAT (Mean Antiviral Time = |MVITtreated- MVITcontrol|), AUG (Area Under Graph), 약효의 정량적 값인 F value (=AUGtreated/ AUGcontrol)를 얻을 수 있다. 애멸구에 의해 영속전염하는 벼줄무늬잎마름병바이러 스(Rice Stripe Virus, RSV)에 대하여 신규 개발된 2종의 항바이러스성 생화학 작 물보호제로 상기와 같이 약효 검정 시험을 수행한 결과, f(x)=a(1-exp(-bx))c의 회 귀곡선식이 얻어졌으며 무처리구에서 MVIT50이 1시간, MAT는 0, F value가 1.00으로 계산되었다. 이에 비해 시험 약제인 KNF2016은 MVIT50 5.75, MAT 4.75, F value 0.71, KNF2022는 MVIT50 5.55, MAT 4.55, F value 0.70으로 확인 되었다. 즉, 본 시험 약제는 무처리와 비교하여 각각 F value로 0.29, 0.30의 항바이 러스 약효가 있었다. 1회 처리에 따른 약효 지속기간도 KNF2016이 13.4일, KNF2022가 14일 이상으로 검정되었다. 애멸구 보독충에는 약제처리를 안하고 시 험 유묘에만 경엽처리 후 보독충을 접종할 때, 보독충에서 바이러스는 검정되면서 항바이러스 효과는 시간에 따라 감소하는 것으로 확인됨에 따라 본 시험 약제들을 처리한 벼를 애멸구가 흡즙하더라도 보독충 체내 바이러스에는 영향을 끼치지 않 는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 약리반응속도론 모델을 사용하면 항바이러스 작물 보호제의 정량적 약효 평가가 가능함과 동시에 약제의 작용기전 탐색에도 유용한 기술로 평가되었다.

The RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. Some RFID tags have been used in severe environment of temperature ranged from to for a long time and may cause serious problems such as signal error, short life cycle and explosion. Conventionally, the RFID tags for high temperature applications consisted of Fe-alloy housing part, ceramic powder and RFID sensor. However, it has disadvantage of heavy weight, signal noise and heat shield capability. In this study, we newly applied the aluminum porous materials fabricated by polymer leaching process into RFID tags in order to improve heat shielding ability, and compared the properties of RFID tag inserted by aluminum porous with the conventional one.