This study analyzed the velocimetry of runoff and measured the flood discharge by applying the SIV (Surface Image Velocimetrer) to the daytime and nighttime flow image data with special reference to Seong-eup Bridge at Cheonmi stream of Jeju during the flow by the severe rainstorm on May 27, 2013. A 1000W lighting apparatus with more than 150 lux was installed in order to collect proper nighttime flow image applied to the SIV. Its value was compared and analyzed with the velocity value of the fixed electromagnetic wave surface velocimetry (Kalesto) at the same point to check the accuracy and applicability of the measured velocity of flow. As a result, determination coefficient R2 values were 0.891 and 0.848 respectively in line with the velocity distribution of the daytime and nighttime image and the flow volume measured with Kalesto was approximately 18.2% larger than the value measured with the SIV.

This study Analyzed four of seven runoffs which had happened in 2012 in comparison with the runoffs shown in Kalesto data, using the fixed surface image velocimetry (FSIV) installed at Oedo stream, Jeju Island. As a result of identifying a runoff curve graph, it was analyzed that the flood runoffs calculated with two observation devices were almost equivalent. As the differences in peak flows were 10 m3/s, 0.7 m3/s and 3 m3/s, the very similar result values were calculated. Even though there were errors in RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) made by two observation devices according to the degree of the peak flow, the values of R² by flood event were 0.89, 0.87, 0.86 and 0.82, showing the result values almost close to 1. Therefore, there was a very high correlation in flood runoffs calculated with two observation devices. This research method was considered to be a very suitable method to measure unexpected flood runoffs which could happen in the island area such as Jeju island during bad weather.

The present study aims to apply a surface image velocimetry(SIV) system to video images captured with CCTV and estimate the flood discharge. The CCTV was installed at the Hancheon Bridge of the Han Cheon in Jeju Island for disaster surveillance, and seven flood events occurred in 2012 were used. During the image analyses, input parameters, interrogation areas and searching areas were determined with proper calibration procedures. To check for accuracy and applicability of SIV, the velocities and flood discharges estimated by SIV were compared with the measured ones by an electromagnetic surface velocimeter, Kalisto. The comparison results showed fairly good agreements. The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) values between two instruments showed a range of 4.13 and 14.2, and the determination coefficients reached 0.75 through 0.85. It means that the SIV could be used as a good alternative method for other traditional velocity measuring instruments in measuring flood discharges.

This study conducted a laboratory simulation using artificial and natural rainfall in order to investigate the runoff characteristics of livestock resources through the analysis of the surface runoff water and infiltration water by rainfall intensity and fertilization level. Cattle manure and pig liquid fertilizer was used as livestock resource. As a result of this study, it was observed that the surface runoff occurred over 32 mm/hr rainfall intensity, and flow rate of the surface runoff water and the runoff ratio of contaminant parameters from livestock resource was increased, as rainfall intensity was stronger. With doubled fertilization level, T-N increased in compost and the amount of CODMn runoff also considerably increased in liquefied fertilizer. In the case of natural rainfall, the runoff ratio of T-P clearly increased in compost and the T-N of final surface runoff ratio in compost and liquefied fertilizer was ranged from 0.13047 to 0.13623 with stronger rainfall intensity.

Surface Image Velocimetry(SIV) is an instrument to measure water surface velocity by using image processing techniques. Since SIV is a non-contact type measurement method, it is very effective and useful to measure water surface velocity for steep mountainous streams, such as streams in Jeju island. In the present study, a surface imaging velocimetry system was used to calculate the flow rate for flood event due to a typhoon. At the same time, two types of electromagnetic surface velocimetries (electromagnetic surface current meter and Kalesto) were used to observe flow velocities and compare the accuracies of each instrument. The comparison showed that for velocity distributions root mean square error(RMSE) was 0.33 and R-squared was 0.72. For discharge measurements, root mean square error(RMSE) reached 6.04 and R-squared did 0.92. It means that surface image velocimetry could be used as an alternative method for electromagnetic surface velocimetries in measuring flood discharge.

Aerosol characterization study for individual particle in Busan metropolitan industrial complex was carried out from December 2010 to August 2011. SEM(scanning electron microscope)-EDX(energy dispersive x-ray) analysis was used for the analysis of 600 single particles during the sampling periods to identify non-metallic aerosol particle sources. Average PM10 concentration was 65.5 ㎍/㎥ in summer, 104.1 ㎍/㎥ in winter during the sample periods. And Average PM2.5 concentration was 24.5 ㎍/㎥ in summer, 64.5 ㎍/㎥ in winter individually. Particle density, enrichment factor, correlation analysis, principle component analysis were performed based on chemical composition data. Particle density distribution was measured to 2∼4 g/㎤, and the density of PM2.5 was measured above 3 g/㎤. In general, the elements Si, Ca, Fe and Al concentrations were higher in all samples of individual particles. The non-ferrous elements Zn, Br, Pb, Cu concentrations were higher in summer than in winter. The concentrations were not changed with the seasons because of non-ferrous industry emission pattern.

Due to the difficulties for measuring flood discharge in the dangerous field conditions, conventional instruments with relatively low accuracy such as float still have been widely utilized for the field survey. It is also limited to use simple stage-discharge relationship for assessment of the flood discharge, since the stage-discharge relationship during the flood becomes complicated loop shape. In recent years, various non-intrusive velocity measurement techniques such as electromagnetic wave or surface images have been developed, which is quite adequate for the flood discharge measurements. However, these new non-intrusive techniques have little tested in the flood condition, though they promised efficiency and accuracy. Throughout the field observations, we evaluated the validity of these techniques by comparing discharge and velocity measurements acquired concurrently during the flood in a mountain stream. As a result, the flood discharge measurements between electromagnetic wave and surface image processing techniques showed high positive relationship, but velocities did not matched very well particularly for the high current speed more 3 m/s. Therefore, it should be noted here that special cares are required when the velocity measurements by those two different techniques are used, for instance, for the validation of the numerical models. In addition, authors assured that, for the more accurate flood discharge measurements, velocity observation as well as stage height is strongly necessary owing that the unsteady flow occurs during the flood.

메주의 산업화를 위해, 종균으로서는 A. oryze와 A. sojae 그리고 B. subtilis를 병용하고, 습도조절과 함께 에서 12일간 발효하면서 메주의 품질특성 변화를 조사하였다. 그리고 이들 종균 접종 메주와 순창 고추장 민속마을에서 입수한 된장용 전통메주의 효소 활성도를 비교하였다. 즉, A. oryzae를 접종한 메주(=AO메주), A. oryze와 B. subtilis를 접종한 메주(AOBS메주), A. sojae를 접종한 메주(=

This study makes an attempt to argue for the so-called `Strongest Minimalist Thesis` as an optimal alternative to Chomsky`s (2001, 2004, 2005a, 2005b) Strong Minimalist Thesis. I prove, based on the perspective of the modern biolinguistics, that the innate faculty of language, so far assumed in the Strong Minimalist Thesis, doesn`t exist and, therefore, the narrow syntax must be eliminated from the grammar system just as a major real imperfection. Furthermore, I propose a new grammar framework, that is, the Language Generation System along the line of the Strongest Minimalist Thesis suggested in this study.

저에탄올 딸기 발효주 제조를 위한 딸기 과즙의 수율을 향상시키기 위하여 4종의 pectinase를 이용하여 효소처리시 최적조건을 설정하였으며, 발효기간에 따른 이화학적 특성, 에탄올함량, anthocyanin 색소함량의 변화를 조사하였다. 4종의 pectinase를 1,000 ppm의 농도로 30, 60분간 처리하여 수율을 측정한 결과, Viscozyme L 효소를 1,000 ppm에서 30분간 처리시 수율이 81.7%로서 가장 높았으며, 대조구

Pectinase 처리가 복분자 과즙의 추출 수율에 미치는 영향과 알코올 발효 중 이화학적 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. Pectinex 100L 처리(500 ppm, 30분)에 의해 복분자 과즙의 추출 수율은 대조구보다 8.60%가 증가되었다. 설탕 첨가에 의해 에서 발효를 시작한 처리구(24B-group)와 에서 발효를 시작하고 발효 4일 후에 설탕 16%를 첨가한 처리구(8B-group)의 고형분 함량은 발효 10일 후에 각각 와 로 감소하였으

새로운 형태의 쌀겨단무지를 개발하기 위하여, 쌀겨에 스테비아 잎 분말 및 호박산, 효모 추출물 등을 첨가한 쌀겨 단무지의 절임기간 중 이화학적 특성과 조직감의 변화를 측정하였다. 첨가물로써 대조구는 삭카린나트륨을 사용하였으며, 처리구 S1은 스테비아 잎 분말을, 처리구 S2는 스테비아 잎 분말 + 호박산, 처리구 S3은 스테비아 잎 분말+ 호박산 + 효모 분말을 사용하였다. 쌀겨단무지의 절임 90일째 pH는 호박산을 첨가한 처리구 52와 53에서

Yong-Suk Kim. 2000. A Morpho-Syntactic Analysis of Reflexives: A Minimalist Approach. Studies in Modern Grammar 19, 1-26. This study proposes a minimalist DP-analysis of the internal structure of reflexives in natural languages, along with Chomsky`s (1995) assumptions. This analysis proves that X^0-reflexives as well as XP reflexives should syntactically fall under the DP structure, as expected in Abney (1987). Consequently, the analysis uncovers the following long-pending mysteries: (i) why English has the occurrence of only phrasal reflexives; (ii) why phrasal reflexives consist of a pronominal element and a reflexive morpheme; (iii) why so many different types of reflexives are empirically identified in Korean. Besides, this study illustrates that the contrast of long-distance anaphora between X^0-reflexives and XP reflexives is attributed to the analyzability of the D head of X^0-reflexives as LF clitic, which is assumed to cliticize to a higher relevant functional category at LF.

Yong-Suck Kim. 1966. A Study on the Feature-Checking Theory of Reflexives: Focusing on the Reflexivization in Korean. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 8: 91-127. The main goal of this study is to argue that the various types of anaphora, displayed by Korean reflexives, can be explained in terms of a reformulated version of feature-checking theory along the line of Chomsky`s(1992, 1999) minimalist theory. As a result from this study, it comes to light that all kinds of Korean reflexives, including X^0 reflexives, except the caki type are analyzed as complex reflexive NP consisting of a pronominal element, either overt or covert, and a reflexive element, as analogous to English reflexive, him+self. These internal elements of reflexives must move up to the relevant positions within the upper functional category DP at LF level for their feature-checking respectively, which virtually gives rise to another movement of D (or DP in some instance) for the identification of its feature-variables by higher AGR. It also turns out under the argumentation that the subject-orientation of reflexives may be captured by the `subject-orientation principles for reflexives,` proposed here under the feature-checking theory of reflexives.

The main purpose of this article is to account for the linguistic variations of blocking effect on the long-distance binding of reflexives under the `feature-checking theory of reflexives,` proposed here based on Chomsky`s (1992) minimalist theory. As a result from this study, it comes to light that all kinds of reflexives, including even X^0 -reflexives except the caki type, are analyzed as complex reflexive NP, consisting of a pronominalizer(pronom) and a reflexivizer(reflex) as analogous to English reflexive, him+self. By this observation, it is argued under the `feature-checking theory of reflexives` that the differences in the blocking effects on long-distance reflexive binding among languages are mainly attributed to the interaction of the typological variations of Φ-feature checking process among languages and those of internal structure among reflexives, and some other types of problems with long distance bound reflexives in the pro-drop languages like Korean and Chinese may be explained by the analysis of them as an emphatic reflexive for pro subject.