Meanwhile, Korea has continuously promote economic growth strategy large enterprise-oriented under stateled. As a result, the economy has grown remarkably. But domestic industry structure is unbalanced because of the proportion of medium-sized enterprises is low. To growth of small enterprises to mid-sized enterprises, balanced development of the corporate ecosystem is necessary. For this purpose, it is necessary to continue the growth of small enterprises to mid-sized enterprises. But most companies do not escape stagnation phenomenon in the growth phase while experiencing growing pains. In this paper, we will study the concept of growing pains and stagnation cause of domestic small and medium sized enterprises. Through this, classifying small and medium sized enterprises growing step and Find out the factors that lead to growing pains at each step. To overcome growing pain, we suggest plan for conquest.

총담관결석의 진단방법은 여러 가지가 있으며 크게 임상양상, 영상검사 및 내시경검사로 나눌 수 있다. 이 중에서 임상증상, 검사실 소견, 초음파검사 또는 복부전산화 단층촬영과 같은 기본 검사 결과를 바탕으로 총담관결석이 있을 가능성이 높은 군과 낮은 군으로 구별 혹은 층화하여 몇 개의 위험군으로 나누어 치료 방침 및 추가 검사를 시행한다. 저위험군에서는 환자가 담낭담석을 동반하여 담낭절제술이 필요하다면 내시경역행담췌관조영술을 시행하지 않고 바로 담낭절제술을 시행할 수 있다. 중등도 위험군에서는 총담관결석의 제거를 위한 내시경역행담췌관조영술이 필요한지를 알아보기 위하여 자기공명 담췌관조영술이나 내시경초음파검사의 추가 검사가 필요하다. 고위험군에서는 다른 추가 검사 없이 담석 제거 등의 치료를 할 수 있는 내시경역행담췌관조영술을 바로 시행할 수 있다.

총담관결석은 임상의들이 흔히 진료할 수 있는 질환으로 임상적으로 무증상, 복통, 급성 담도염, 급성 췌장염, 그리고 응급처치가 필요한 패혈성 쇼크까지 임상증상이 다양하게 나타난다. 따라서 이를 신속하게 진단하고 적절한 치료를 조기에 시행하는 것은 국민보건과 삶의 질 향상에 매우 중요하다. 혈액검사, 복부 초음파, 복부 CT, MRCP, 내시경초음파 등의 여러 가지 영상 의학적 방법으로 총담관결석을 진단할 수 있다. 또한 대부분의 총담관결석은 내시경역행담췌관조영술과 내시경유두괄약근절개술로 치료가 되고 있지만, 필요에 따라서는 담도내시경, 내시경유두큰풍선확장술, 복강경총담관탐색술, 개복술 등이 사용될 수 있다. 임상적인 증상, 총담관결석의 크기, 환자의 상태에 따라서 총담관결석 진단과 치료 방법의 선택이 다를 수 있다. 이에 대한췌담도학회에서는 총담관결석의 진단과 치료에 관한 미국과 영국의 진료지침을 수용 개작하여 진료가이드라인을 개발하여 국민보건향상에 도움을 주고자 하였다.

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of indoor air pollutants in medical facility in Gyeonggi-do area from February to November, 2012, and to conduct the health risk assessment from obtained data. PM10, CO₂, formaldehyde, CO, and total bacteria count(TBC) did not exceed the maintained standards, but mean concentration of TVOC was 402.3 ㎍/㎥ and thirteen of them exceeded the recommended standard. In the concentration distribution of pollutants for the monthly samples, CO₂, formaldehyde, TVOC, TBC were the highest level in August. From the factor analysis of indoor air pollution provided three factors; the first factor was seasonal factor (indoor temperature and humidity, TBC and formaldehyde), the second factor was ventilation factor (CO₂, PM10 and CO), and the third factor was building(or interior) factor (TVOCs). In the health risk assessment results, the excess carcinogenesis of formaldehyde for resonable maximum exposure worker was 1.21×10-⁴ which means exceeding the cancer criteria(1.0×10-⁴). We confirmed the probability of health effect caused by TVOC. The lifetime excess cancer risk of carcinogens(benzene, formaldehyde) and hazard quotient of non-carcinogens(toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene), and risk of regulation substances(PM10, CO₂) were safety level for inpatients and out patients.

Because of advent of social network, not only many applications have been introduced but also many relationships have been made newly and rapidly. That one of the biggest factors of being made many relationships is plurality of social network game. Moreover the researches of EEG based game are increasing along with cheaper EEG (electroencephalogram) devices. Through Brain biofeedback training, peoples can gain concentration degrees and postpone Alzheimer's disease which have been became an object of public concern in aging society. In this paper, we proposed SNS-based game using EEG. Using BCI we can understand the degree of user's concentration and it will be used in SNS-based game. Our EEG-based SNS game will be used to postpone Alzheimer's disease and the thanks of nature of SNS, people can be leveraged to using the game to compete to others.

In order to improve the management of food waste treatment facility, this study investigated the emission characteristics of odorous compounds around treatment process and deodorization equipment of three food waste treatment facilities(the transformation, feed production and composting facility). Furthermore, the removal experiment of odorous compounds using various absorbent was conducted. The odor concentrations of food waste storage hopper and separation process were higher than other processes and the major odorous compounds were methyl mercaptan, acetaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The odor removal efficiencies of deodorization equipment such as activated carbon tower, wet scrubber and biofilter were mostly insufficient. Especially, the removal efficiency of wet scrubber is lower than the others, therefore the improvement of optimal operating condition is required. As a result of removal experiment of various absorbent, the removal efficiency was over 98% in case of 1% H₂SO₄+K₂HPO₄ for ammonia, KMnO₄ for acetaldehyde and KMnO₄ and 5% NaOH+KH₂PO₄ for hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan. To achieve the effective odor control of food waste treatment facility, it is necessary increasing the removal efficiency of scrubber by using optimal absorbent for target odorous compounds.

We studied an analytical method for 4 organic acids will be regulated in 2010 using on-line thermal desorber with gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector. Results for each compounds showed good linearity(r² ＞ 0.99) and good precision(RSD ＜ 3%). Minimum detection limit values are about 2~3ppb when we sampled 1.5 L. These values will be reduced to 0.4~0.5 ppb when sampling 10L. We analyzed the 56 ozone precursor standard gas using the same method to see if there are any peaks to be overlapped in ambient air and the results showed that there is no peak overlapped. The linearity, precision and MDL in this study satisfied the guideline of Korean standard method for 4 organic acids. This analytical method in this study could be utilized effectively as on-line monitoring instrument to detect 4 organic acids.

In this study, the removal efficiency of 24 odorous compounds was measured in diverse control process units of 7 individual chemical companies located in Ban-Wall & Shi-Wha Industrial Complex in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from March to August, 2007. To quantify the removal efficiency rates of major odorous compounds, we collected odor samples from the inside process and both the front and rear side of 7 control process units. As the results of this study, it was shown that toluene, ammonia, trimethylamine (TMA) and acetaldehyde were dominant odorous compounds in the inside process. In addition, VOCs, TMA and acetaldehyde were also detected at higher concentrations in the stacks and 10 (toluene, acetone, ethyl benzene, xylene etc.) out of 24 index compounds were found to have negative removal efficiencies. According to the removal efficiency evaluation of seven odor control facilities, a company equipped with two connected absorption processes was shown to have positive (＋) removal efficiencies for 16 odor substances and NH₃, TMA, acetaldehyde, the priority odor substances, which meant the proper control system was installed and operated. Hence, to obtain best removal efficiency of odorous pollutant emission, the database on source characteristics and the development of management techniques of diverse control process units are continually needed.

This article addresses the question of how the operational architecture for a railway safety information system should be developed. A successful railway safety information system can be developed by fully reflecting the business process and needs at the enterprise level. To date, there has been minimal research effort towards the development of the operational architecture for a railway safety information system. To this end, a variety of enterprise architectures have been studied so far. In this paper, as an important guideline, DoDAF (Architecture Framework) is selected to be used in developing a railway safety information system. In particular, we propose a method to implement the operational architecture based on DoDAF.

Formaldehyde is important because of its irritant and toxic properties, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, In this study, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used for the analysis of formaldehyde after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridge. Analytical parameters such as linearity, repeatability and minimum detection limit were evaluated. The linearity (r²) was 0.9999 when analyte concentration ranges from 50 to 400 ㎍/L. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 0.83% for the concentration of 400 ㎍/L, and the minimum detection limit (MDL) was 0.27 ppbv. We investigated the distribution of formaldehyde concentrations based on a total of 96 samples(industrial area : 32, complex boundary line : 32, affected (residential) area : 32) measured at the Shi-Hwa industrial complex from April to October 2006. By the statistical analysis of these measurement data, the average level of formaldehyde from industrial area, complex boundary line, and affected area was 2.7, 2.1, and 2.2 ppb during the daytime (10:00~16:00), and 1.4, 1.1, and 1.6 ppb during the nighttime (19:30~23:00), respectively. And also, we investigated the emission concentrations of formaldehyde from various emission sources of 33 individual companies located in the Shi-Hwa industrial complex from September to November 2006. The results of our study showed that the emission concentrations of formaldehyde greatly varied according to industrial and source types. The emission concentrations of formaldehyde showed in the descending oder of 11.4 ppm for insulation cable process, 2.0 ppm for sand casting process, 1.7 ppm for synthesis rubber process, and 1.3 ppm for hexamine process.

In this study, QA/QC (quality control/quality assurance) data of reduced sulfur compounds from several institutes were obtained and compared based on the Korean standard method for off-odor. From the results, attempts were made to optimize the analytical conditions and improve the measurement reliability of reduced sulfur compounds analyses from detailed CF/TD and GC/PFPD information. Analysis results (minimum detection limit, precision, recovery rate) of reduced sulfur compounds based on the each analytical condition corresponded with the Korean standard methods for off-odor. Therefore, we expect that we could execute the exact analysis if we use the analytical condition of CF/TD and GC/PFPD in this study

We investigated dilution ratio values of the threshold limit (DRVTL) and 12 odorous compounds from a number of emission points (stack and process) and boundary areas of 10 chemical industries in the Ban-Woll and Shi-Wha Industrial Complex in Gyeonggi Province. The results of our study suggest that differences in odor emission concentrations are caused by such as factors as : suitability and operational conditions of prevention equipment, suitability hood of process and exhaust ventilation system, differences of raw materials of chemical industry. It was found that trimethylamine and hydrogen sulfide recorded the highest contribution from two types of emission points (stack and process), respectively. Show some actual concentration values here, hydrogen sulfide recorded its maximum values from leather industry, while trimethylamine for hexamine production industry. On the other hand, the results of dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and methyl mercaptan were not useful, as their concentrations were not significantly high enough to judge from such respect. In the view-point of dilution ratio values of the threshold limit, the average emission ratio of stack and process from 10 chemical industries was 57, 43%, respectively. Therefore, it is important that the odor emission value from process and stack have to minimize and regulate for management of industrial odor.

버섯재배사에서 표고생산은 3월부터 11월에 이루어지며, 자연환경 조건의 변화를 이용하여 화고의 생산도 함께 추진하 였다. 5℃이하인 동절기에는 연료비에 대한 비용부담이 커서 이재배사는 버섯생산을 하지 않는 상황이었다. 그러나 상대 습도는 계속 75%를 유지하여 배지가 너무 건조하지 않도록 관리하였다. 보온과 난방으로 표고에 의한 소득을 올리는 재배 사관리가 고려될 가치가 있다고 생각한다. 1월은 버섯가격이 높으나 버섯생산이 적은 기간이다. 이것은 온도가 낮기 때문 이며, 톱밥재배사에서는 보온재와 햇볕을 이용하여 1월 중에는 -2℃~ 5℃로 유지하였다. 10월중에는 온도를 20도 이하 로 유지하였으며 상대습도를 60 ~85%로 유지하였다. 버섯품질은 상대습도에 크게 좌우되므로, 배지를 수직으로 180cm 에 이르는 7-8단으로 배열한 중국식 톱밥재배는 지면에서 높아질수록 수분관리가 불리할 수가 있다. 그러므로 수시로 재 배사의 통풍을 조절하여 상하 습도를 균질화시켰다. 이렇게 함으로써 육면체 배지의 모든 방향에서 표고를 발생시켰다. 노출된 배지로부터 수분관리 효과적으로 하기 위하여 온도를 조절하여 상대습도를 조절하고 있다. 이에 비하여 대만식 톱 밥재배에서는 25cm 높이에서 버섯이 발생하므로 이 위치에서 온도 습도를 집중 관리함으로써 고품질의 버섯생산을 추구 하고 있었다. 톱밥재배사에서 하루 중의 변화는 상당히 극심한 편이다. 1월 중에는 0~ 12℃까지 변하며, 이에 따라 상대습 도는 70%에서 거의 100%에 달하였다. 이 조건은 버섯생장은 느리지만 수분유지에는 좋은 조건으로 화고의 생산이 고려 된다. 10월 중에도 밤낮의 온도변화가 10~24℃로써 폭이 14℃나 되면서 상대습도는 60~100%를 유지하여 버섯생산이 매우 유리한 상황이다. 특히 이 기간에는 버섯가격이 낮으므로, 고품질의 표고생산이 매우 중요하다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cognitive development and motor development in children with developmental delays. Subjects were 43 children with a mean corrected age of 19.19 month (SD=7.48). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-second edition (BSID-II) were administered to the total children. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test and Pearson correlation, using SPSS software. The results were as follows: 1) Most of the children with developmental delays showed statistical delays on the mental scale rather than on the motor scale. 2) The correlation coefficients of cognitive performance and motor performance were ranged between r=.38 and r=.83 in children with developmental delays. 3) Lower motor performance showed significant association with lower cognitive score. The findings suggest that cognitive and motor performance in children with developmental delays was significantly correlated.

목적 : 뇌성마비가 아닌 발달장애로 진단된 아동을 대상으로 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 평가를 각각 실시한 후 GMFM이 BSID-Ⅱ의 하위 항목들과 상관관계가 있는지 알아봄으로써 발달장애 아동의 평가도구로써 활용가능성을 검증하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 연구의 대상은 인하대학부속병원 재활의학과에서 뇌성마비 이외의 발달장애로 진단받은 만 3세 이하의 아동 26명을 대상으로 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ를 평가하였다. 대상자들의 특성에 따라 조산의 유무, 출생시 체중, 역연령에 따라 구분한 후 각 집단간 차이 및 두 평가도구의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 결과 : 발달장애 아동 26명 중 조산의 유무와 출생시 체중에 따라 각 집단간 GMFM, BSID-Ⅱ 정신척도, BSID-Ⅱ 운동척도의 점수를 비교한 결과 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 교정연령에 따른 집단에서만 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 또한 집단간 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 정신척도는 조산아(r=0.68), 만숙아(r=0.67), 저체중아(r=0.63), 평균체중아(r=0.72)에서 모두 상관관계가 있었으며, GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 운동척도도 조산아(r=0.57), 만숙아(r=0.89), 저체중아(r=0.65), 평균체중아(r=0.90)에서 모두 상관관계가 있었다. 전체 아동의 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 정신척도의 상관계수는 0.71, GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 운동척도의 상관계수는 0.84로 관계가 있었으며, 교정연령 상 하위집단에서 0.56-0.85로 상관관계가 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과를 볼 때 발달장애 아동의 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ의 평가 결과는 모두 뚜렷한 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 발달장애 아동의 운동기능을 평가하는데 있어 GMFM의 적용가능성을 보여주는 기초 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

목적 : 연하곤란이 있는 환자에게 목에 붙이는 전극을 통하여 전기자극을 주는 신경근 전기자극 치료의 안전성과 치료효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 연하곤란 증상이 있는 10명을 대상으로 2주일 동안 1주일에 5번, 하루에 한 시간씩 신경근 전기자극 치료를 하였다. 전기자극 치료 시작 전․후에 비디오 투시조영연하검사로 환자가 흡입 없이 삼킬 수 있는 음식물의 형태를 근거로 삼킴 기능 점수를 최소 0점에서 최고 6점까지 주었으며 삼킴 기능에 관련된 임상증상을 치료 전과 치료 후로 평가하여서 Wilcoxon 부호 순위검증으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 삼킴 기능 점수는 1.6점에서 4.4점으로 유의하게 증가되었으며(p＜0.05), 환자의 90%에서 삼킴 기능이 증가하였다. 또한 삼킴 기능에 관련된 구토반사, 기침반사, 혀의 운동성, 후두 편위가 신경근 전기자극 치료 전에 비하여 치료 후에 유의하게 회복하였다. 결론 : 신경근 전기자극 치료는 목의 삼킴 기능에 관련하는 근육을 활성화시키는 것뿐만 아니라 삼킴 기능에 영양을 미치는 임상적 증상의 회복에도 도움이 되므로 연하곤란을 치료하기 위한 신경근 전기자극 치료는 안전하고 효과적인 것으로 입증되었다.