Formaldehyde is important because of its irritant and toxic properties, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, In this study, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used for the analysis of formaldehyde after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridge. Analytical parameters such as linearity, repeatability and minimum detection limit were evaluated. The linearity (r²) was 0.9999 when analyte concentration ranges from 50 to 400 ㎍/L. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 0.83% for the concentration of 400 ㎍/L, and the minimum detection limit (MDL) was 0.27 ppbv. We investigated the distribution of formaldehyde concentrations based on a total of 96 samples(industrial area : 32, complex boundary line : 32, affected (residential) area : 32) measured at the Shi-Hwa industrial complex from April to October 2006. By the statistical analysis of these measurement data, the average level of formaldehyde from industrial area, complex boundary line, and affected area was 2.7, 2.1, and 2.2 ppb during the daytime (10:00~16:00), and 1.4, 1.1, and 1.6 ppb during the nighttime (19:30~23:00), respectively. And also, we investigated the emission concentrations of formaldehyde from various emission sources of 33 individual companies located in the Shi-Hwa industrial complex from September to November 2006. The results of our study showed that the emission concentrations of formaldehyde greatly varied according to industrial and source types. The emission concentrations of formaldehyde showed in the descending oder of 11.4 ppm for insulation cable process, 2.0 ppm for sand casting process, 1.7 ppm for synthesis rubber process, and 1.3 ppm for hexamine process.

In this study, QA/QC (quality control/quality assurance) data of reduced sulfur compounds from several institutes were obtained and compared based on the Korean standard method for off-odor. From the results, attempts were made to optimize the analytical conditions and improve the measurement reliability of reduced sulfur compounds analyses from detailed CF/TD and GC/PFPD information. Analysis results (minimum detection limit, precision, recovery rate) of reduced sulfur compounds based on the each analytical condition corresponded with the Korean standard methods for off-odor. Therefore, we expect that we could execute the exact analysis if we use the analytical condition of CF/TD and GC/PFPD in this study

We investigated dilution ratio values of the threshold limit (DRVTL) and 12 odorous compounds from a number of emission points (stack and process) and boundary areas of 10 chemical industries in the Ban-Woll and Shi-Wha Industrial Complex in Gyeonggi Province. The results of our study suggest that differences in odor emission concentrations are caused by such as factors as : suitability and operational conditions of prevention equipment, suitability hood of process and exhaust ventilation system, differences of raw materials of chemical industry. It was found that trimethylamine and hydrogen sulfide recorded the highest contribution from two types of emission points (stack and process), respectively. Show some actual concentration values here, hydrogen sulfide recorded its maximum values from leather industry, while trimethylamine for hexamine production industry. On the other hand, the results of dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and methyl mercaptan were not useful, as their concentrations were not significantly high enough to judge from such respect. In the view-point of dilution ratio values of the threshold limit, the average emission ratio of stack and process from 10 chemical industries was 57, 43%, respectively. Therefore, it is important that the odor emission value from process and stack have to minimize and regulate for management of industrial odor.

버섯재배사에서 표고생산은 3월부터 11월에 이루어지며, 자연환경 조건의 변화를 이용하여 화고의 생산도 함께 추진하 였다. 5℃이하인 동절기에는 연료비에 대한 비용부담이 커서 이재배사는 버섯생산을 하지 않는 상황이었다. 그러나 상대 습도는 계속 75%를 유지하여 배지가 너무 건조하지 않도록 관리하였다. 보온과 난방으로 표고에 의한 소득을 올리는 재배 사관리가 고려될 가치가 있다고 생각한다. 1월은 버섯가격이 높으나 버섯생산이 적은 기간이다. 이것은 온도가 낮기 때문 이며, 톱밥재배사에서는 보온재와 햇볕을 이용하여 1월 중에는 -2℃~ 5℃로 유지하였다. 10월중에는 온도를 20도 이하 로 유지하였으며 상대습도를 60 ~85%로 유지하였다. 버섯품질은 상대습도에 크게 좌우되므로, 배지를 수직으로 180cm 에 이르는 7-8단으로 배열한 중국식 톱밥재배는 지면에서 높아질수록 수분관리가 불리할 수가 있다. 그러므로 수시로 재 배사의 통풍을 조절하여 상하 습도를 균질화시켰다. 이렇게 함으로써 육면체 배지의 모든 방향에서 표고를 발생시켰다. 노출된 배지로부터 수분관리 효과적으로 하기 위하여 온도를 조절하여 상대습도를 조절하고 있다. 이에 비하여 대만식 톱 밥재배에서는 25cm 높이에서 버섯이 발생하므로 이 위치에서 온도 습도를 집중 관리함으로써 고품질의 버섯생산을 추구 하고 있었다. 톱밥재배사에서 하루 중의 변화는 상당히 극심한 편이다. 1월 중에는 0~ 12℃까지 변하며, 이에 따라 상대습 도는 70%에서 거의 100%에 달하였다. 이 조건은 버섯생장은 느리지만 수분유지에는 좋은 조건으로 화고의 생산이 고려 된다. 10월 중에도 밤낮의 온도변화가 10~24℃로써 폭이 14℃나 되면서 상대습도는 60~100%를 유지하여 버섯생산이 매우 유리한 상황이다. 특히 이 기간에는 버섯가격이 낮으므로, 고품질의 표고생산이 매우 중요하다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cognitive development and motor development in children with developmental delays. Subjects were 43 children with a mean corrected age of 19.19 month (SD=7.48). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-second edition (BSID-II) were administered to the total children. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test and Pearson correlation, using SPSS software. The results were as follows: 1) Most of the children with developmental delays showed statistical delays on the mental scale rather than on the motor scale. 2) The correlation coefficients of cognitive performance and motor performance were ranged between r=.38 and r=.83 in children with developmental delays. 3) Lower motor performance showed significant association with lower cognitive score. The findings suggest that cognitive and motor performance in children with developmental delays was significantly correlated.

목적 : 뇌성마비가 아닌 발달장애로 진단된 아동을 대상으로 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 평가를 각각 실시한 후 GMFM이 BSID-Ⅱ의 하위 항목들과 상관관계가 있는지 알아봄으로써 발달장애 아동의 평가도구로써 활용가능성을 검증하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 연구의 대상은 인하대학부속병원 재활의학과에서 뇌성마비 이외의 발달장애로 진단받은 만 3세 이하의 아동 26명을 대상으로 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ를 평가하였다. 대상자들의 특성에 따라 조산의 유무, 출생시 체중, 역연령에 따라 구분한 후 각 집단간 차이 및 두 평가도구의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 결과 : 발달장애 아동 26명 중 조산의 유무와 출생시 체중에 따라 각 집단간 GMFM, BSID-Ⅱ 정신척도, BSID-Ⅱ 운동척도의 점수를 비교한 결과 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 교정연령에 따른 집단에서만 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 또한 집단간 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 정신척도는 조산아(r=0.68), 만숙아(r=0.67), 저체중아(r=0.63), 평균체중아(r=0.72)에서 모두 상관관계가 있었으며, GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 운동척도도 조산아(r=0.57), 만숙아(r=0.89), 저체중아(r=0.65), 평균체중아(r=0.90)에서 모두 상관관계가 있었다. 전체 아동의 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 정신척도의 상관계수는 0.71, GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ 운동척도의 상관계수는 0.84로 관계가 있었으며, 교정연령 상 하위집단에서 0.56-0.85로 상관관계가 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과를 볼 때 발달장애 아동의 GMFM과 BSID-Ⅱ의 평가 결과는 모두 뚜렷한 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 발달장애 아동의 운동기능을 평가하는데 있어 GMFM의 적용가능성을 보여주는 기초 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

목적 : 연하곤란이 있는 환자에게 목에 붙이는 전극을 통하여 전기자극을 주는 신경근 전기자극 치료의 안전성과 치료효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 연하곤란 증상이 있는 10명을 대상으로 2주일 동안 1주일에 5번, 하루에 한 시간씩 신경근 전기자극 치료를 하였다. 전기자극 치료 시작 전․후에 비디오 투시조영연하검사로 환자가 흡입 없이 삼킬 수 있는 음식물의 형태를 근거로 삼킴 기능 점수를 최소 0점에서 최고 6점까지 주었으며 삼킴 기능에 관련된 임상증상을 치료 전과 치료 후로 평가하여서 Wilcoxon 부호 순위검증으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 삼킴 기능 점수는 1.6점에서 4.4점으로 유의하게 증가되었으며(p＜0.05), 환자의 90%에서 삼킴 기능이 증가하였다. 또한 삼킴 기능에 관련된 구토반사, 기침반사, 혀의 운동성, 후두 편위가 신경근 전기자극 치료 전에 비하여 치료 후에 유의하게 회복하였다. 결론 : 신경근 전기자극 치료는 목의 삼킴 기능에 관련하는 근육을 활성화시키는 것뿐만 아니라 삼킴 기능에 영양을 미치는 임상적 증상의 회복에도 도움이 되므로 연하곤란을 치료하기 위한 신경근 전기자극 치료는 안전하고 효과적인 것으로 입증되었다.

방사성폐기물 시료 중 Am 과 Cm 을 정량하기 위하여 음이온교환수지 및 DTPA-lactic acid 용리액을 사용하는 HDEHP 추출크로마토그래피로 이들 핵종을 분리하였다 분리된 핵종은 황산염 매질에서 전착한 다음 알파분광분석법으로 각 핵종의 방사능을 측정하였다. 모의 시료용액 중 Am 및 Cm 을 측정한 결과 각각 85.2 및 86.3 의 회수율을 나타내었다. 본 방법을 방사성 농축폐액 시료에 적용하여 Am 과 Cm 을 정량한 결과 각각 1.5-1.9 Bq/g 및 -1.7 Bq/g 의 방사능 값을 나타내었다.

생태학적 관점에 입각한 환경 교육 과정 개발 연구의 일환으로, 초, 중, 고등학교의 과학 교과서에 실려있는 환경 관련 내용을 1)환경 오염의 원인, 2)환경 오염의 실태, 3)생태계 원리, 4)환경 위기극복을 위한 노력 등 4분야로 구분하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 초, 중, 고등학교 과학 교과서에 실려있는 환경 관련 내용은 생태주의적 관점보다는 환경주의적 관점에서 저술된 것으로 파악되었고, 또한 환경 관련 내용들은 서로 교과목간 또는 교과목 내에서

For the purpose of developing Korean Herbalogy with the plants of Araceae which grow wild and is planted in Korea, the these and writings on herbalogy, from literature of successive generations, have been thoroughly investigated and the results obtained were as follows: 1. There were totaled to 14 genera and 42 species in Korea and among them medicinal plants are 7 genera, 23 species, some 55% in total but, the number of species may be added because of the similiar plants. 2. According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose, the medicinal plants belonging to the Araceae family were classified as Rhizoma 20, Radix 10, Folium 4, Flos 3, Herba 1. Thus it was noticed that Rhizoma and Radix was the main kind. 3. According to sum of 42 species in Araceae family, they were classified into Arisaema genera 17, Acorus and Zantedeschia genera 4 each, Philodendron and Symplocarpus genera 3 each, Anthurium and Colocasia genera 2 each. Thus it was noticed that Arisaema genera was the main kind, some 40.5% in total. 4. According to nature and flavour of medicinal plants, they were classified into warmth and heat ; 25, cold and cool ; 3, balance 2 and unidentified 6. Thus it was noticed that warmth and heat is the main in nature and flavour of medicinal plants. 5. Comparing to whole medicinal plants 23 kinds, toxic drugs include minor toxin were 18 kinds, 78.3% of the whole. From this result, It was revealed that the plants for medical purpose in Araceae was 55% of the whole, in which RHIZOMA and RADIX was mostly abundunt. It is considered that many experiements and clinical approaches must be continued to use Araceae plants widely.

A Herbalogical Study in the Plants of Labiatae in Korea. For the purpose of developing Korean Herbgalogy with the plants of Labiatae which grow wild and is planted in korea, the these and writings on herbalogy, from literature of successive generations, have been throughly investigative and the results obtained were as follows: 1. There were totaled to 27 genera and 86 species in Korea and among them medical plants are 24 genera, 59 species, some 68% in total but, the number of species may be added because of the similar plants. 2. According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose, the medical plants belonging to the Labiatae family were classified as Herba 29, Radix 4, Fructus 3, Folium 2, Lignum 2, Semen 1 and Flos 1. 3. According to sum of 86 species in Labiatae family, they were classified into Scutellaria genera 10, Salvia genera 6, Ajuga genera 5, Clinopodium genera 5, Elsholtzia genera 5 and Mosla 5. Thus it was noticed that Scutellaria genera was the main kind, some 12% in total. 4. According to the number of species of the original plants about each chinese materia medicals, they were classified into HERBA AGASTACHIS 5 and HERBA AJUGAE, HERBA SCUTELLARIAE, HERBA LYCOPI 3 each. 5. According to nature and flavour of medical plants, they were classified into warmth, heat: 20 each, cold, cool: 16 each, balance 4 and unidentified 2. Thus it was noticed that warmth and heat is the main in nature and flavour medicinal plants. 6. According to the Properties and Principal curative action, they were classified into drugs for clearing up heat and toxin 8, drugs for clearing up heat and dispelling pathogenic heat from blood, drugs for clearing up heat and heatstroke 3 each, drugs for activating the blood and removing blood stasis, drugs which is sudorific and pungent in nature and flavour for dispelling wind and cold in the treatment of exterior symptom complex 4 each. Thus it was noticed that drugs for clearing up heat was the main kind. 7. Comparing to whole medical plants 42 kinds, toxic drugs include minor toxin were 3 kinds, 7% of the whole. Thus toxic drugs were rare. From this result, it was revealed that the plants for medical purpose in Labiatae was 68% of the whole, in which HERBA was mostly abundunt and toxic plants was so rare that it will be used for clinical treatment more easily. It is considered that many experiements and clinical approches must be continued to use Labiatae plants widely.