This study was performed to investigate the enhancement of immunomodulatory activities of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by extreme process. The extracts are WE100 (water extract for 24 hours at 100℃), WE80 (water extract for 24 hours at 80℃), EE (70% ethyl alcohol extract for 24 hours at 80℃) and EPE (extreme process for 30 minutes at 25℃, 500 MPa after 70% ethyl alcohol extracts for 3 hours at 40, 50, 60℃). Extraction yield was increased up to 5~10% by extreme process, compare to the normal extraction such as water solvent extraction, 70% ethyl alcohol solvent extraction. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was showed in the range of 12.68~15.89% at 1.0mg/ml for human lung cell (HEL299). The EPE40 was showed the lowest cytotoxicity 12.68%. The EPE60 extracted by extreme process increased the growth of human B and T cells up to 12.12×104 cells/ml and 14.88×104 cells/ml, respectively and the EPE60 greatly increased the cytokine secretion of both IL-6 and TNF-α. The extracts by extreme process also exhibited higher levels of nitric oxide production from macrophages than the lipopolysaccaharides. It can be concluded that Lithospermum erythrorhizon has immune activities and The extreme process could increase higher immune activities possibly by immunomodulatory compounds.

To evaluate the displacement dependence capacity of steel plate metallic damper, which has I shape strut, performance test is conducted with the target displacement variables on constant velocity. From test results, larger target displacement(50mm) shows lower cyclic numbers and cumulated energy dissipated area than lower target displacement(25mm). Also it shows higher strength and early failure than short target displacement

Seismic capacities of the cable members of Incheon Bridge have been evaluated for the three different levels of earthquake motions, which are 1000-year-return-period(design basis level)), 2400-year-return-perioda and hypothetical maximum earthquake level(A=0.66), respectively. Both response spectrum method and time-history method were adopted for the analyses. The results showed that the cable members of Incheon Bridge has safe seismic capacity even under the maximum hypothetical earthquake which is more than three times higher magnitude of the design basis earthquake

To evaluate the confinement effect of aramid sheet in RC column end, structural tests are performed. Test variables are aramid sheet warping length as 300mm, 600mm. From test results, aramid sheet warped 600mm specimen shows good performance in strength capacity and ductile behavior

To define the shear reinforcing effect of steel fiber in high strength concrete, 4 column specimens designed with a volume fraction of steel fiber such as 0.0%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%. The column specimens were tested lateral cyclic load under constant axial load. From test results, steel fiber can reduced brittle shear failure, and can increased strength and ductility capacity in RC columns.

Nonlinear crack analysis was carried out to estimate crack behavior for caisson structures in various conditions such as wave load, salt attack and temperature change etc. Some kinds of modeling techniques were used to estimate exact solution with MIDAS FEA considering creep and drying shrinkage.

Domestic expressway are exposed to damage of combined deterioration by excessive use of deicer and a lot of cost is required for maintaining damage structures. Therefore, now is the time that durability of subsidiary concrete structures is required to enhanced in order to reduce maintenance cost of structures and to promote road safety. Thus, in this study measured compression strength and scaling resistance of concrete using the waste glass sludge

본 연구의 목적은 일자형 슬릿형 강재댐퍼보다 에너지 소산능력 등이 우수할 것으로 평가된 꺽쇠형 강재 댐퍼의 변위 및 속도의존성 평가에 있다. 이를 위하여 6개의 시험체를 대상으로 의존성 시험을 수행하였다. 시험변수는 변위의존성 및 속도의존성이다. 변위의존성 시험결과, 큰 목표변위 (50mm)의 반복횟수 및 누적에너지소산능력은 적은 목표변위 (25mm)에 비하여 감소하였다. 또한 짧은 목표변위보다 큰 항복강도 및 조기파단을 나타내었다. 속도의존성 평가에서는 빠른 목표속도(60mm/sec)의 반복횟수 및 누적에너지소산능력이 느린 목표속도 (40mm/sec)에 비하여 감소하였다. 따라서 강재댐퍼의 이력 의존성은 가력 변위 및 속도와 밀접한 연관이 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

According to previous reports, antioxidant activities of Codonopsis lanceolata could be increased by a steaming process. This study was performed to improve its antioxidant activity and skin whitening activities of C. lanceolata by high pressure and stepwise steaming complex process. The complex processed C. lanceolata showed highest free radical scavenging acitivity as 45.21%, and for phenol and flavonoid contents, complex processed C. lanceolata contained higher than those from conventional extraction process or steaming process alone. The Cytotoxicity of all C. lanceolata extracts also showed low cytotoxicity against human fibroblast cell (CCD-986sk) as 4.49 ~ 10.40%. In whitening activity, high inhibition of tyrosinase activity was estimated as 25.08% by adding the extracts from complex process. We found that whitening and antioxidant activity of complex processed C. lancolata extract was higher than those obtained from conventional extraction and a steaming process because various kinds of antioxidant compounds could be easily released by combined process, compared to one of each process.

본 프로그램은 2007개정 초등학교 과학과 교육과정을 기본으로 원예 활동에 과학교육을 접목하여 아동의 스트레스를 감소시키고, 정서지능을 높이며 사회성을 향상시키고자 실시하였다. 그 결과 스트레스가 감소하였으며, 정서지능 증가에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사회성에는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 교사의 관찰 일지를 통하여 관찰력과 탐구력 및 사회성 향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 학부모 설문지 결과를 통해 어린이과학생물학교 프로그램이 과학교육과 원예활동을 접목하여 창의적이고 탐구적인 효과를 얻고자 하는 새로운 시도로 평가 되었으며, 이에 대한 학부모들의 기대가 높은 것을 알 수 있었고, 이 수업과정을 통해 자녀들이 지적인 습득과 함께 심리 정서적 안정감을 얻기 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 원예와 여러 분야의 교과부분을 접목하여 통합적인 프로그램을 제시하고, 보다 심도 있는 원예활동을 실시하여 아동들의 성장 발전에 효과를 거둘 수 있도록 연구해야 할 것이다.

The study was performed to evaluate the effects of soybean meal (T1) and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS, T2) hydrolyzed by microbial proteolytic enzyme of Protame® on milk production and protein contents in dairy cows. Total of nine Holstein cows (i.e., 1.67 ± 0.47 average parity and 23.7 ± 1.2 kg/d average milk yield) were randomly assigned to control, T1, and T2 (e.g., 3 animals per group) and treated for 4 weeks. Milk yield of 3 different groups was similar in the beginning of the study, however the milk yield of T1 and T2 treatment group had increased by 0.93 kg/d and 1.89 kg/d, respectively. Milk protein level of T2 treatment group was increased by 0.19% (e.g., 0.14 kg/d protein content), whereas there was no significant different in control and T1 group. In conclusion, blood metabolites were ranged in normal level, but BUN content was reduced from 19.03 mg/dl to 17.70 mg/dl in T2 treatment group. This result suggests that DDGS hydrolysate supplement efficiently increase milk yield and milk protein level as well as feed protein availability in dairy cattle.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of increasing the dietary levels of nattokinase (NK) addi-tives on milk production and composition, and blood metabolites in dairy cows. NK additives with high fibrinolytic activity were produced by the strain with similarity to the Bacillus amyloliquefacines. A total 20 mid-lactating Holstein cows (average body weight 652.00 ± 4.38 kg; average 2.25 ± 0.35 parity; average milk yield 24.4 ± 0.38 kg/d) were randomly assigned to three treatments (5 animals per treatment). Cows were fed TMR supplemented with DDGS 100 g for control, NK additives 100 g and 200 g for T1 and T2 treatment, respectively for 4 weeks. By the increases of NK additives, milk yield increased for T1 (1.35 kg/d) and T2 (0.98 kg/d) at the final period than at the initial period (p < 0.05). But milk protein content decreased for T1 (3.20%) and T2 (3.24%) than for control (3.56%) (p < 0.05). Blood triglyceride, T-CHO and BUN levels in T1 decreased compared with that in control and T2 (p < 0.05). This finding showed that 100g of NK additives could possibly have a positive effect in lactation performance of mid-lactation Holstein cows by increasing milk yield, improving protein metabolism and decreasing cholesterol in blood.

보통 지루성 피부염은 과다 생성된 피지와 함께 피지를 영양분으로 상재하는 M. globosa 이스트에 의해서 얼굴,몸 및 두피에 자주 발생하는 피부질환이다. 본 연구는 천연정유성분(Natural essential oils)으로부터 지루성 피부염과 관련된 항염증 활성과 M. globosa 이스트에 대한 증식 억제 활성을 평가하고자 하였다. 지루성 피부염 진정 효능을 평가하기 위해서 지루성 피부염 환경을 모사한 공배양 세포 평가 모델을 구축하였다. 본 평가모델을 통해서 육계(Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamon bark)의 껍질 및 박하(Mentha arvensis, Cornmint)의 잎에서 추출한 천연정유 성분이 다양한 지루성 피부염 자극원에 따른 Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) 사이토카인의 발현량 증가와 피지생성 증가를 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 또한, 지루성 피부염 유발균으로 알려진 M. globosa 이스트에 대한 증식 저해 평가를 통해 두 정유성분에서 유의한 M. globosa 증식 억제 능(MIC ≤ 0.0625 %)을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과로부터 육계껍질 및 박하 잎 정유성분이 지루성 피부염에 따른 염증성 사이토카인의 발현량을 감소시켰다.특히 육계 껍질 오일은 지루성 피부염 주요 원인인 Malassezia furfur 및 M. globosa 증식을 억제함으로써, 지루성 두피 염증의 예방과 효과적인 관리 제품의 소재로서 활용가치가 높음을 알 수 있다.

본 연구는 예비유아교사들이 생각하는 다문화 교육의 바람직한 교사상을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 유아교육을 전공하는 대학생 40명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 1학년 2학기에 교육학 강의를 수강하는 학생들을 대상으로 하였으며, 학생들이 교육에 대해 좀더 많은 고민과 생각 후에 갖는 생각을 파악하기 위하여 학기 후반부에 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 학생들이 생각하는 다문화 교육의 바람직한 교사상 작성, 내용 명료화를 위한 추가적인 면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 이 연구 결과에 따르면, 예비교사들이 생각하는 다문화 교육의 바람직한 교사상은 아홉가지로 나타났다. 첫째. 세계시민으로서 다문화를 이해하고 다문화 교육에 필요한 다양한 역량을 갖춘 교사, 둘째, 편견과 차별이 없는 교육을 하는 교사, 셋째, 모든 아이에게 지속적 관심과 애정을 가진 인간적이고 긍정적인 교사, 넷째, 문화적 갈등해소를 위해 다양한 문화 체험 프로그램을 운영할 수 있는 교사, 다섯째, 다문화 학생의 부족한 것을 파악, 이해하고 발달에 맞게 눈높이 교육을 하는 교사, 여섯째, 부모와 소통하면서 상담을 잘하는 교사, 일곱째, 한국어 학습을 잘 지원하는 교사, 여덟째, 학생 상호간의 다문화를 이해하고 조력하며, 타협하는 교사, 아홉째, 다문화 학생들이 소중한 존재라는 정체성을 갖게 하고 정서적 안정감을 주는 교사로 나타났다. 이 연구 결과는 다문화 가정의 자녀들이 급증하는 우리 사회에서 바람직한 교사상은 무엇이고, 다문화 교육을 담당할 교사를 어떤 교사로 길러내야 하는가를 이해하는데 많은 시사점을 준다.

본 연구에서는 콘크리트 교량 바닥판의 열화를 비파괴시험인 지표투과레이더(GPR)를 이용하여 평가하는 방법을 개발하였다. 콘크리트 교량 바닥판의 유전 상수를 계산하기 위하여 비접촉식 GPR 안테나를 이용하여 2층 구조체에 적용할 수 있는 확장형 공통중간점 방법을 개발하였다. 콘크리트 교량 바닥판의 열화 깊이와 열화 상태는 콘크리트 교량 바닥판의 유전 상수와 표면대비 평균 유전상수비를 이용하여 평가하였다. 제안된 방법을 검증하기 위하여 GPR 현장 시험을 공용수명이 오래된 콘크리트 교량에서 실시하였다. 시험 결과 새로 제안된 방법을 이용하여 추정된 두께와 열화 깊이가 어느 정도 신뢰성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

This study proposes an advanced type of a micropile system. The proposed micropile system consists of perfobond ribs installed steel rod to improve shear capacity between the thread and the grout, and partially expanded drill holes to increase resistance capacity between the grout and the ground. This study contains experimental evaluations on the proposed micropile system to verify the load-carrying capacity of shear key created by the partially expanded drill hole. Through on-site pullout tests, it was found that load-carrying capacity increased significantly in the proposed micropile system, due to the shear keys created by the partially expanded drill hole.

Reinforced concrete coupled shear wall systems in medium and high-rise construction, where RC beams couple two or more RC walls have been frequently used. The objective of this study is to investigate seismic performance of coupling beam with headed bar.

To evaluate the strength and energy dissipation capacity of straight type metallic damper, cyclic tests are conducted with the target displacement variables on constant velocity. From the strength and energy dissipation capacity comparison, cyclic test results are short of the static test result. Therefore more detailed cyclic tests and researches are needed.

Antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of the aqueous methanolic extract of Rhus javanica were investigated in vitro. The antioxidant properties was measured by radical scavenging assays using DPPH and ABTS+ radicals. The AChE inhibitory efficacy of R. javanica was tested by Ellman's assay and the total phenolic content was determined using a spectrophotometric method. All tested samples showed a dose-dependent AChE inhibitory and radical scavenging activities. In particularly, ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the methanolic extract of R. javanica showed significantly higher inhibitory activity than other organic solvent soluble-portions in an AChE and radical scavenging assay systems. These results suggest that R. javanica may be possess potential benefits which might be useful in development of antioxidant and anti-alzheimer's disease ingredient.