본 연구에서 Greenidea (Trichosiphum) nigra를 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다. 이 종의 무시성충에 대한 형태학적 정보, 기주식물, 분포지역, 한국에 분포하는 털관진딧물속 종들의 분류키를 제공한다.

This study quantitatively assessed the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events on the suitability zones and dry matter yield (DMY) of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Korea. Baseline climate (2006–2015) and recent climate (2021–2023) conditions were compared using national meteorological and crop yield data. A significant decrease in total annual precipitation (−84.3 mm, p<0.001) was observed, while winter minimum temperatures showed a slight but statistically insignificant increase (+0.27°C, p = 0.111). Suitability zone classification based on agro-climatic zoning indicated regional shifts, particularly a decrease in the best suitable zones in 2021 and partial recovery by 2023. Dry matter yield increased by 31.6% in central Korea due to improved winter survival under warmer conditions, while southern Korea experienced a 9.4% yield reduction in response to a severe spring drought in 2022. Pearson correlation analysis showed a moderate positive but non-significant relationship between precipitation and yield (r = 0.518, p = 0.292), and multiple linear regression explained 97.9% of yield variation (R² = 0.979). Precipitation had a stronger explanatory effect than temperature, suggesting that water availability is a more critical factor for forage productivity. These findings provide scientific evidence of regional climate sensitivity and support future data-driven cultivation planning.

목적: 본 연구에서는 각막 굴절교정 수술을 받은 지 1년 이상 경과한 사람들을 대상으로 근시 퇴행에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 각막 굴절교정 수술 후 1년 이상 경과된 20세 이상의 성인 44명을 대상으로 자각적 및 타각적 굴절검사, 원거리 및 근거리 사위도 검사, AC/A비, 각막 불규칙도(CIM) 및 고위수차를 측정하였다. 결과 : 원거리 및 근거리 사위도, AC/A비 및 트레포일 수차에서 그룹별 근시도 차이는 유의하지 않게 나타났으 며, 근시 퇴행과의 상관성도 나타나지 않았다(p>0.050). 연령이 많을수록, 수술 후 경과한 기간이 길수록 근시 퇴 행이 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.050). 각막 불규칙도(CIM)에서는 정상 각막 불규칙도가 이상 각막 불규칙도보다 근시 퇴행이 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.050). 코마수차는 양안 모두 정상 코마수차 그룹에서 이상 코마수차보다 근시 퇴행이 유의하게 높게 보였다(p<0.050). 구면수차에서는 우안에서만 정상 구면수차 그룹이 이상 구면수차 그 룹보다 근시 퇴행이 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(p<0.050), 좌안에서는 그룹 간의 차이가 유의하지 않게 나타났다 (p>0.050). 결론 : 본 연구는 각막 굴절교정 수술 후 근시 퇴행에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 나이가 많 을수록, 수술 후 경과한 기간이 길수록 근시 퇴행이 많이 진행되었고, 각막 불규칙도(CIM), 코마수차와 구면수차가 낮을수록 근시 퇴행이 많이 진행되었다.

본 연구에서는 국내 미기록종인 Euandrolaelaps yamauchii (Ishikawa, 1982)를 채집하여 해당종의 새로운 분포지로서 기록하였다. 또한, Euandrolaelaps yamauchii (Ishikawa)의 완모식표본과 한국산 표본을 함께 비교검경하여 개정된 분류학적 진단정보를 제시하였으며, 검경에 사용 한 현미경사진 및 도판과 국내에 보고된 Euandrolaelaps속에 대한 분류키도 함께 제공하였다.

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of gypsum application on dry matter yield (DMY), mineral content of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and soil properties in reclaimed tidal land in South Korea. The experiment was conducted in Seokmun, located on the west coast of South Korea, which is reclaimed with approximately 70 cm depth of degraded island soil. Treatments consisted of a control with no gypsum application (G0), 2 ton ha-1 (G2), and 4 ton ha-1 (G4) of gypsum application. The first harvest was carried out when the alfalfa reached 10% flowering, and subsequent harvests were conducted at 35-day intervals. Over the three-year experimental periods (2019-2021), the total DMY of G2 treatment was significantly higher than those of G0 and G4 (p<0.05). Although both G2 and G4 gypsum application treatments lowered soil pH, the G4 treatment increased the electrical conductivity (EC) content of the soil. Additionally, gypsum application affected the mineral contents of alfalfa, resulting in reduced concentration of sodium (Na) and Magnesium (Mg). Therefore, this present study suggests that a gypsum application rate of 2 ton ha-1 is optimal for improving alfalfa dry matter yield and mineral balance, as well as enhancing soil chemical properties in reclaimed tidal land in South Korea.

남방큰무당벌레(신칭)를 한국 미기록종으로 보고한다. 본 종은 국내 Harmornia속의 3종과는 둥글고 볼록한 체형, 앞가슴등판의 갈라진 점 모양, 각 딱지날개에 7개의 검은점이 1-3-2-1 배열로 나타나는 특징으로 쉽게 구별할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Harmonia속의 종 검색표, 진단형질과 DNA바코드 정보를 제공하고자 한다.

목적: 본 연구는 대학생에서 콘택트렌즈 착용 여부에 따라 음주와 전자기기 사용이 안구건조 증상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 방법 : 대학생 32명(64안)을 콘택트렌즈 착용군(16명)과 미착용군(16명)으로 나누었다. 순목 횟수, 비침입성 눈 물막 파괴검사(NIBUT), 오큐튜브 검사를 기본 검사, 스마트폰 20분 시청 후, 목표 혈중 알코올 농도 0.03% 달성 후 측정하였다. 결과: NIBUT는 미착용군에서 착용군보다 일관되게 낮았으며, 기본 검사 및 전자기기 사용 후 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p=0.010, p=0.001). 음주 후에는 경계선상의 유의성을 보였다(p=0.057). 오큐튜브 검사값은 미착용군에서 높았으며, 음주 후 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p=0.016). 미착용군은 전자기기 사용 후 순목 횟수와 오큐튜브 검사값에서 유의한 변화를 보였고(p=0.001, p=0.000), 음주 후에는 모든 검사값에서 유의한 변화가 나타났다(p=0.039, p=0.000, p=0.000). 착용군은 전자기기 사용 후 순목 횟수(p=.034), 음주 후 오큐튜브 검사(p=0.008)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 건성안의 유병률은 미착용군에서 전자기기 사용 후(p=0.028), 착용군에서 음주 후 (p=0.022) 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론 : 음주와 전자기기 사용은 콘택트렌즈 착용 여부와 관계없이 대학생의 안구건조 증상을 악화시킬 수 있다.

Republic of Korea is building a multi-layered missile defense system against North Korea’s growing ballistic missile threat. To maximize the intercept performance of a multi-layered missile defense system, it is important to develop an efficient engagement plan that considers the interceptable time/space of each interceptor system for ballistic missiles. To do so, it is necessary to predict the flight trajectory of the ballistic missile, which must be done within a short time considering the short battlefield environment and the speed of the ballistic missile. This study presents a model for rapid trajectory prediction of ballistic missiles using the kinetic characteristics of each flight phase(thrust phase, midcourse phase, and re-entry phase) of ballistic missiles, a method for estimating kinetic information from ballistic missile observation data(time and position), and a mathematical analysis of the equations of motion of ballistic missiles.

This study was conducted from 2022 to 2024 at the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science (RDA), in Cheonan, Korea, to develop a medium-maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The newly developed tetraploid cultivar, named ‘Spider’, is characterized by its green leaves, semi-erect growth habit in late autumn, and erect growth habit in mid-spring. With a heading date of May 16, ‘Spider’ is classified as a medium-maturing variety. Compared to the control cultivar ‘Kowinmaster’, ‘Spider’ has a 1.0 mm wider leaf blade, a 1.6 cm longer leaf blade, and is 5 cm taller in plant height. Its dry matter yield (10,169 kg/ha) is significantly higher than that of ‘Kowinmaster’ (p<0.05). The crude protein content of ‘Spider’ is 10.4%, which is 0.2% higher than that of the control. Additionally, ‘Spider’ has a neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of 49.5% and an acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of 26.6%, showing a 2.2% lower NDF and a 0.2% higher ADF compared to ‘Kowinearly’.

Efficient yet realistic ship routing is critical for reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions. However, conventional weather-routing algorithms often produce mathematically optimal routes that conflict with the paths mariners use. This study presents a hybrid approach that constrains physics-based weather routing within an AISderived maritime traffic network (MTN) built from one year of global Automatic Identification System data. The MTN represents common sea lanes as a graph of approximately 10,956 waypoints (nodes) and 17,561 directed edges. Using this network, an optimal low-emission route is computed via graph search and then compared against both a traditional unconstrained route and an advanced weather-routing model (VISIR-2). In a May transitionseason case (Busan–Singapore voyage), the AIS-constrained route reduced fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions by about 1.9% relative to the fastest feasible route, while closely following real traffic corridors (over 90% overlap with actual 2024 AIS tracks). While this 1.9% saving does not reach the high-end potential of an unconstrained, state-of-the-art model like VISIR-2 (which can demonstrate double-digit savings in certain conditions), it is achieved with an increase in transit time of ~6.5 h (≈3.2%). This represents a crucial trade-off, prioritizing operational realism and adherence to real-world traffic corridors over maximum theoretical efficiency.

This case report describes a 40-year-old captive male hippopotamus exhibiting systemic clinical signs, including anorexia and coughing, prior to death. Despite comprehensive medical treatments, the animal died due to age-related immunodepression, which led to severe pneumonia. Necropsy and subsequent histopathological examination revealed severe acute diffuse seropurulent bronchopneumonia, right ventricular hypertrophy, hepatic congestion, and glomerulonephritis. These findings highlight the vulnerability of geriatric large animals to systemic infections and emphasize the need for improved pathological understanding and the development of evidence-based treatment protocols for these less-studied species like the hippopotamus. To enhance disease management and veterinary care for aging zoo animals, future research should prioritize gut microbiome analysis and antimicrobial resistance profiling.

본 연구는 환경 요인을 바탕으로 절화용 국화 생장 예측을 위한 최적의 모델을 개발하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 13개의 모델(Linear Regression, Lasso Regression, Ridge Regression, ElasticNet Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Neural Network, Decision Tree, Random Forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, CatBoost, Stacking)의 성능을 R2, MAE, RMSE를 평가 지표 로 비교하였다. 단일 모델 중에서는 Decision Tree가 가장 우수한 성능을 보였으며, R2값은 0.90에서 0.91 사이였다. 앙 상블 모델 중에서는 CatBoost가 가장 높은 성능을 보였으며 (R2=0.90~0.92) Random Forest와 XGBoost 또한 유사한 성 능을 보였다. 전체적으로 트리 기반 앙상블 모델이 국화 생장 예측에 적합한 모델로 나타났다.

The commercial feed additive, native rumen microbes (RC), derived from a diverse microbial community isolated from the rumen of Hanwoo steers is being explored to enhance rumen fermentation and improve ruminant feed utilization. This study evaluated the impact of native rumen microbes supplementation on methane emissions, microbial diversity, and fermentation efficiency on in vitro assessment. Treatments were as follows: CON (basal diet, without RC); T1 (basal diet + 0.1% RC); T2 (basal diet + 0.2% RC). Rumen fermentation parameters, total gas, and methane production were assessed at 12, 24, and 48 h of incubations. The in vitro gas production was carried out using the Ankom RF Gas Production System. Supplementation of RC significantly reduced the total gas production at 12, 24, and 48 hours of incubation (p < 0.05). Volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased, while acetate and propionate were decreased (p < 0.05) at 48 h by the supplementation of RC. Notably, the 0.1% inclusion level of RC significantly reduced methane production by 28.30% and 21.21% at 12 and 24 hours. Furthermore, microbial diversity analysis revealed significant shifts (p < 0.05) in bacterial composition between the control and treatment groups, while supplementation also promoted the growth of bacterial populations, such as Succiniclasticum. These findings suggest that native rumen microbes supplementation, particularly at 0.1% inclusion level, can enhance rumen microbial composition while significantly reducing methane production in vitro.

This study was conducted to reset the withdrawal time (WT) for amoxicillin (AMX) in pigs as a part of positive list system (PLS) program introduction. Forty-two healthy pigs were orally administered with AMX at doses of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) (AMX-1, n=20) and 20 mg/kg BW (AMX-2, n=20), twice daily for 5 days, respectively. After the treatment, tissue samples were collected from four pigs at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days post-administration, respectively. Based on a previously established analysis method, residual AMX concentrations in pig tissues were determined using LC-MS/MS. In both AMX-1 and AMX-2 groups, AMX levels in all tissues except fat was below the limit of quantification (LOQ) at one day after the final administration. According to the European Medicines Agency’s guideline on determination of withdrawal periods, the withdrawal periods for AMX-1 and AMX-2 in fat tissue were established as 0 and 2 days, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated WT of AMX in edible tissues of pigs is shorter than the current WT recommendation of 5 days for AMX.

Background: The 75-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75) plays a crucial role in regulating the formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), facilitating the transfer of Ca2+ ions, and is essential for lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis in mammalian cells. However, the relationship between GRP75 expression and preimplantation embryonic development in pigs remains unknown. Methods: In this study, we investigated whether GRP75 influences ER–mitochondrial junctions and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels in porcine embryos in vitro . We examined the expression of GRP75 at the zygote, cleavage, and blastocyst stages using immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Results: GRP75 fluorescence and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the blastocysts than in the zygotes. Western blot analysis revealed a decline in the expression of mitochondrial fusion factors mitofusin 2, GRP75, and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex MICU1 protein at the blastocyst stage. To investigate the effects of GRP75 on blastocyst developmental competence, porcinespecific GRP75-siRNA (25 nM) was microinjected at the zygote stage. The results showed a significant decrease in the development capacity until the blastocyst stage (Control: 31.2 ± 2.0%, N.C. siRNA (25 nM): 29.8 ± 3.1%, vs. GRP75-siRNA (25 nM): 24.1 ± 1.6%; p < 0.05). GRP75 in the mitochondria and ER-localized GRP75 were both significantly reduced in blastocysts of pigs microinjected with GRP75 siRNA. Along with ER–mitochondrial colocalization, the MAM formation ratio was significantly reduced in the GRP75-siRNA group compared with that in the control (Control: 29.3% vs. GRP75- siRNA (25 nM): 15.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the GRP75-derived MAM region is involved in the development of early embryos in porcine blastocysts.

This research aimed to investigate heterogeneity regarding governance, agricultural productivity, and food security between developed and developing nations. Utilizing a three-stage least squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation model, this study found that governance could positively impact food security through capital accumulation and agricultural productivity in both developed and developing countries. However, the magnitude of these effects differed significantly between country groups, with developed countries showing stronger governance-food security linkages than developing countries. This study reaffirms the importance of governance while showcasing its potential to vary based on a country’s economic level. Additionally, it sheds comprehensive light on impacts of agricultural production and agricultural capital accumulation on food security.

This study evaluated the bactericidal efficacy of a disinfectant containing chlorine dioxide as its main ingredient against Paenibacillus larvae (P. larvae) that is the causative agent of American foulbrood. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to P. larvae for 30 min at 4°C. The disinfectant and test bacterium were diluted with low and high organic matter (OM) suspension according to treatment condition. On low and high OM conditions, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant against P. larvae was 2.5 and 1.25 fold dilution, respectively. The recommended dilution time of the disinfectant in low and high OM was 2.0 and 1.0 fold dilution, respectively. As the disinfectant possesses bactericidal efficacy against P. larvae, the disinfectant can be used to prevent American foulbrood in larvae of honeybees.

This study aims to identify and prioritize the key factors essential for transforming a traditional port into a smart port using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) based on Chang’s extent analysis method. Based on the insights of 30 experts from Vietnam and South Korea, the research framework comprises three main dimensions, namely Policy, Operation, and Environment, which are further divided into ten sub-factors. The analysis revealed that Policy and Operation were perceived as the most critical dimensions, while Environment received relatively less emphasis. At the factor level, Automation & Intelligent Infrastructure ranked highest, followed by Investment & Financial Support, Productivity, and Regulatory Frameworks. In contrast, environmental factors such as Water & Waste Management and Emission Control were ranked lowest. Notably, Vietnamese and Korean experts all value the importance of advanced technology and investment capacity but still have some differences in prioritizing the other factors, reflecting differing national contexts and developmental stages. These findings offer strategic guidance for policymakers and port authorities in tailoring smart port development strategies to local conditions and priorities.

To address the issues of slow magnetization current tracking speed, prolonged magnetization time, and low accuracy during magnetic particle testing of ship castings, forgings, and welded components, this study designed a high-precision rapid current tracking control system. By integrating the predictive characteristics of the Newton interpolation algorithm with the robustness of PID control, a compound control algorithm with a pre-judgment mechanism was developed. An innovative three-phase zero-crossing detection circuit architecture was also implemented, combining high-speed A/D converters and CS5460 chips to optimize current tracking methods, resolving the conflict between initial tracking phase deviation and dynamic process overshoot in conventional approaches. Experimental results demonstrated that this method significantly improves magnetization speed, achieving target current tracking within 0.5 seconds with errors below 2%, meeting the design requirements for non-destructive testing in ship welding applications.

Small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises(SMEs) have traditionally relied on skilled labor to support multi-variety, small-batch production. However, demographic changes such as low birth rates and aging populations have led to severe labor shortages, prompting increased interest in collaborative robots(cobots) as a viable alternative. Despite this necessity, many SMEs continue to face significant challenges in implementing such technologies due to technical, organizational, and environmental(TOE) constraints. While prior research has mainly focused on technology adoption from the perspective of user organizations, this study adopts a differentiated approach by analyzing adoption factors from the perspective of smart factory experts—specifically, evaluators/mentors and solution providers—who play a critical role in Korea’s policy-driven smart manufacturing environment. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), the study evaluates the relative importance and prioritization of adoption factors across three dimensions: technology, organization, and environment. Survey data collected from 20 smart factory experts indicate that top management support, relative advantage, and safety are key determinants in cobot adoption. Furthermore, the findings reveal that organizational readiness and technical effectiveness have greater influence on implementation decisions than external pressures such as partner pressure. This study provides new insights by incorporating expert perspectives into the adoption framework and offers practical policy and managerial implications to support cobots implementation in the SMEs.