최근 몇 년 동안 인터넷의 급속한 발전과 함께 디지털 멀티미 디어 잡지는 점차 사람들의 관심의 초점이 되었습니다.디지털 멀티미디어 매거진은 멀티미디어 기술을 사용하여 비디오, 오디 오, gif 모션 그래픽, Flash 애니메이션, Html5 페이지 및 3D 특 수 효과를 통합하고 어디에서나 우수한 상호 작용 특성과 멀티 미디어 특성을 구현하여 놀라운 발전 추세를 보여줍니다. 이 글은 'Design 360 매거진'을 예로 들어 멀티미디어 디지 털 매거진의 개념, 개발 과정 및 개발 전략에 대한 예비 논의 를 진행하고 주로 디자인 미학, 커뮤니케이션, 상호 작용 경험 및 기타 관련 이론을 사용하여 매거진의 디지털 전환에 대한 몇 가지 제안을 제시합니다.디지털 잡지의 특성과 종이 잡지와 의 비교, 사람들의 독서 습관 변화 등의 관점에서 전통적인 종 이 매체를 제안하는 것은 현재 시급한 변혁의 어려움에 직면해 있습니다.그리고 'Design 360 매거진'의 관점에서 잡지 자체의 특성과 결합하여 초기 변환 전략, 디지털 전파 경로 및 시각적 디자인 아이디어를 제안합니다.이 기사의 연구를 통해 잡지의 보급 효과를 효과적으로 향상시키다.

Background: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a prominent technology that can preserve superior genetic traits of animals and expand the population in a short time. Hematological characters and endocrine profiles are important elements that demonstrate the stability of the physiological state of cloned animals. To date, several studies regarding cloned camels with superior genes have been conducted. However, detailed hemato-physiological assessments to prove that cloned camels are physiologically normal are limited. In this study, We evaluated the hemato-physiological characteristics of cloned male and female dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries). Methods: Therefore, we analyzed variations in hematological characteristics and endocrine profiles between cloned and non-cloned age-matched male and female dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries ). Two groups each of male and female cloned and non-cloned camels were monitored to investigate the differences in hemato-physiological characteristics. Results: All the animals were evaluated by performing complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, and endocrinological tests. We found no significant difference between the cloned and non-cloned camels. Furthermore, the blood chemistry and endocrine profiles in male and female camels before maturity were similar. Conclusions: These results suggest that cloned and non-cloned camels have similar hematological characteristics and endocrine parameters.

Composite laminates are used in a wide range of applications including defense, automotive, aviation and aerospace, marine, wind energy, and recreational sporting goods. These composite beams still exhibit problems such as buckling, local deformations, and interlaminar delamination. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel viscoelastic autoclave bonding with tapered epoxy reinforcement polyurethane films is proposed. In existing laminates, compression face wrinkling and interlaminar delamination is caused in the sandwich beam. The unique viscoelastic autoclave spunbond interlayer bonding is designed to prevent face wrinkling and absorb and distribute stresses induced by external loads, thereby eliminating interlaminar delamination in the sandwich beam. Also, the existing special reinforcement causes stress concentrations, and the core is not effectively connected, which directly affects the stiffness of the beam. To address this, a novel tapered epoxy polyurethane reinforcement adhesive film is proposed, whose reinforcement thickness gradually tapers as it enters the core material. This minimizes stress concentrations at the interface, preventing excessive adhesive squeeze-out during the bonding process, and improves the stiffness of the beam. Results indicate the proposed model avoids the formation of micro cracks, interlaminar delamination, buckling, and local deformations, and effectively improves the stiffness of the beam.

This study investigated student engagement by conceptualizing learning engagement and examining the inner mechanism that operates in the university English learning context. This study administered a questionnaire to 376 college students, and data analysis was conducted with SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0. The findings revealed that student engagement can be conceptualized into behavioral, cognitive, affective, and interactive engagement. The results confirmed that cognitive engagement positively affected behavioral engagement, whereas affective engagement did not. Affective engagement had positive effects on both cognitive engagement and interactive engagement. Interactive engagement positively affected cognitive engagement but did not affect behavioral engagement. Further, the results showed that cognitive engagement acted as a full mediator between affective engagement and behavioral engagement, as well as between interactional engagement and behavioral engagement. The findings of this study propose implications for optimizing English teaching to facilitate student engagement and ultimately enhancing their learning satisfaction along with improving academic outcomes.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease by John Cunningham virus (JC virus) infection in oligodendrocytes. The radiographic and clinical features, along with the identification JC in cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction, are sufficient for the diagnosis of PML in immunodeficiency. However, it is difficult to suspect PML without the patient history of immunodeficiency. A 32-year-old man presented with headache for a month without any medical history. Based on clinical and image features, the differential diagnoses included demyelinating lesion and neoplasms. Microscopically, biopsy specimen showed multifocal demyelinating and degenerative white matter, consistent with PML. Oligodendrocytes cells with increased nuclei and plum-colored inclusions were admixed with perivascular lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration, and loss of myelin. Atypical astrocytes had large or multiple nuclei. After brain biopsy, human immunodeficiency virus infection was confirmed by serum chemiluminescent immunoassay. It is unlikely that PML would be considered without the information of immunosuppression. Therefore, it is very important to be aware of the histological features of PML.

This study investigated speaking anxiety among advanced Korean language learners in Korean Language Institution classrooms, and the strategies they used to overcome it. The study employed qualitative methodology using online interviews for data collection. The sampling technique involved purposive sampling by selecting 13 Korean learners who had completed an advanced Korean course at TOPIK Levels 5 or 6, with Level 6 being the highest. The interview questions addressed various aspects, including comparisons of speaking skills, anxiety in Korean classrooms, fear of making mistakes, concerns about classmates’ reactions, and anxiety induced by teachers. Thematic analysis was performed by generating initial codes, grouping related codes to uncover potential themes, and highlighting recurring patterns in the participants’ responses. The results revealed three factors that contribute to speaking anxiety: personal reasons, teachers’ classroom approaches, and teaching methods. Advanced learners manage anxiety through three coping strategies: preparation, positive thinking, and seeking support from peers. The study concludes with discussions on the pedagogical implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research in advanced Korean language learning classrooms.

Safe radiation management is essential not only for operational nuclear power plants but also for nuclear plants to be decommissioned. When spent nuclear fuel is present on-site, meticulous radiation emergency plans are necessary to ensure safety. In Korea, numerous radiation emergency plans have been established for operational nuclear reactors. These plans delineate distinct response mitigation measures for white, blue, and red emergencies. However, clear regulations are yet to be devised for radiation emergency plans for reactors to be decommission. Therefore, this study investigated the decommissioning plan and status of Kori unit 1 to comprehensively analyze the current status of decommissioning safety in Korea. In this study, radiation emergency plans of decommissioning nuclear power plants abroad were reviewed to confirm radiation emergency action levels. Furthermore, radioactive waste treatment facilities, to be used for decommissioning reactors in Korea were evaluated. Moreover, the study assessed emergency plans (especially, emergency initiating conditions) for operational nuclear power plants in Korea for potential use in the decommissioning phase. This study proposed an emergency initiating condition that can be used for decommissioning reactors in Korea. Considering the anticipated introduction of plasma torch melting facility in Korea, this study examined the conditions of radiation emergency plans can be altered. This study identified effective measures and guidelines for managing radiological emergency initiating conditions, and effective decommissioning of nuclear power plants in Korea.

최근에 생성형 인공지능 활용에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. Generative AI 도구와 플랫 폼 수량이 증가하고 있는 추세에 따라, Generative AI 도구는 텍스트와 이미지, 소리, 비디오, 그리고 3D 모델을 생성하는 기능을 가지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 프롬프트만으로도 아이디어와 콘텐츠를 포함하여 복잡한 작품을 생성할 수 있다. 본 연구는 Generative AI 도구와 플랫폼이 디지털 아트 전공학생들에게 미치는 영향을 탐구 하였으며, 특히 창작 과정에 그들의 역할과 작품에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 또한, 본 연구는 Generative AI 작품에 의해 디지털 아트 전공 학생들에게 필요한 기술이나 특징에 대한 질적 연구법 중의 주체 분석 방법으로 자세히 연구하였다.

Paecilomyces tenuipes (P. tenuipes) is a fungus cultivated artificially by South Korean researchers, utilizing rice bran as its substrate. The increased demand for this fungus has not been met with successful cultivation methods for fruiting body production in natural environments. Therefore, we tested the effect on the growth of P. tenuipes using a Solid media based on pests. In this results, the Solid media based on M.alternatus was effective in increasing the growth of P. tenuipes and the content of cordycepin. Moreover, we confirmed the conditions for manufacturing a Solid media based on M.alternatus for P. tenuipes growth. We suggested that the growth-promoting compounds offers valuable insights for optimizing fungal cultivation conditions, thereby enhancing productivity and contributing to a broader understanding of fungal physiology in varying nutritional environments.

Highly radioactive waste is solidified to restrict leaching, retain its shape, and maintain its structural stability to prevent it from affecting humans and the environment as much as possible. This operation should be performed consistently regardless of whether the waste is homogeneous or heterogeneous. However, currently, there are no specific performance requirements for heterogeneous waste in Korea. This study reviewed domestic research results and the status of overseas applications, and proposed immobilization requirements for heterogeneous waste to be applied in Korea. IAEA safety standards, domestic laws, and waste acceptance criteria were reviewed. The status of heterogeneous waste immobilization in countries such as the United States, France, and Spain was reviewed. Most countries treat heterogeneous waste by encasing it in concrete, and impose immobilization requirements on this concrete. Based on these data, safety standards for the thickness, compressive strength, and diffusion limit of this concrete material were proposed as immobilization requirements for heterogeneous waste disposal in Korea. Quantitative values for the above requirements need to be derived through quantitative assessments based on the characteristics of domestic heterogeneous waste and disposal facilities.

본 연구를 통해 국내에 분포하는 중기문응애류 중 파리응애과의 Holostaspella crenulata Krantz, 1967 (톱니무늬파리응애, 신칭) 와 화살응애 과의 Lasioseius floridensis Berlese, 1916 (가슴선화살응애, 신칭) 를 처음으로 확인하고, 각 종에 대한 분류학적 진단과 분포정보, 성충의 현미경사 진과 도판을 제시하였다.

목적 : 본 연구는 Orthokeratology(OK) 렌즈와 기존의 단안렌즈(SV) 안경을 착용한 근시 청소년의 굴절이상을 분석하여 OK 렌즈가 근시 진행에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구방법은 중국 길림성 북화대학부속병원 안과를 방문한 청소년 환자 100명을 대상으로 50명의 환자를 OK렌즈군과 단초점 안경군으로 나누었다. 두 그룹의 환자 모두 1년 동안 추적관찰하여 시력(VA), 구면등가굴절 (SE), 안축 길이(AL), 각막 내피 세포 수(CEC), 중심 각막 두께(CCT) 및 압력(IOP)의 변화를 비교하였다. 통계분 석은 SPSS 소프트웨어를 이용하여 독립표본 T-test로 데이터를 분석하였으며, p<0.050을 통계적으로 유의한 것 으로 간주하였다. 결과 : Euclid Orthokeratology(OK)렌즈를 착용한 환자의 시력이 서서히 향상되었으나, 단초점 안경을 착용한 환자들은 시력이 감소하는 추세를 보였으며, 두 그룹 간의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.010). 굴절검사 결과 는 OK 렌즈를 착용한 후 굴절이상이 유의하게 감소하였으며, 안경을 착용한 환자들은 굴절이상이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 두 그룹 간의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.010). 또한, 안축 길이의 분석 결과, OK 렌 즈를 착용한 환자들의 안축 길이는 기준값 대비 0.18±0.18 mm 증가하였고, 안경을 착용한 환자들의 안축 길이는 기준값 대비 0.61±0.20 mm 증가하였다. 두 그룹 간의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). OK 렌즈를 착용한 환자들은 안압, 각막 내피 세포 수 및 중심 각막 두께에서 기준값 대비 유의한 변화가 없었다 (p>0.050). 결론 : 안경 대비 각막교정렌즈가 구면 등가 구면굴절력(SE)를 감소시키고 시력을 향상시켰으며, 안축 연장을 늦추는데 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

The system of rice intensification (SRI) has been proposed as a way of transitioning towards more sustainable rice farming. In rainfed rice farming, however, various environmental constraints often make SRI practices challenging to adopt. We conducted an on-farm experiment in 30 rainfed lowland fields to examine the technical efficacy of SRI in southern Cambodia during the wet seasons of over three years of 2012, 2013, and 2015. Across the three years, the SRI practices produced significantly greater plant biomass and grain yield than non-SRI. We ascribed the yield increase to the increased number of grains per land area as the increased number of spikelets per panicle rather than the number of panicles per land area. With no significant difference in seedling age between the SRI and the non-SRI, we attributed the more substantial number of grains per panicle to the reduced planting density, increased manure application, and reduced amount of inorganic fertilizers in SRI fields. Our results suggest that the advantage of the SRI lies in the efficient use of internally available soil nutrients, whose mechanisms need quantitative understanding through future studies.

Dystocia, a challenging condition in obstetrics, can arise from various causes, including fetal monsters with structural abnormalities. This case report presents a unique case of dystocia due to a fetal monster known as Perosomus Elumbis in a beetal breed goat from Pakistan. The 4-years-old pregnant doe presented with prolonged straining and failure to deliver the fetus after 8 hours of labor. Upon examination, the cervix was dilated, and only the forelimbs of the fetus were visible in the birth canal. The subsequent delivery involved the application of manual traction by using a dystocia kit, and the removal of edematous fluid from the legs. The monster fetus exhibited absence of hair growth, along with the absence of thoracic vertebrae. Two other fetuses were present, with one found dead and the other alive. Posttreatment involved fluid therapy, antibiotics, and supportive care for the doe. This case report sheds light on the occurrence of Perosomus Elumbis fetal monsters and their impact on dystocia in goat breeding. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing appropriate management strategies are crucial for successful outcomes in similar cases.

스마트팜으로 알려진 지능형 온실환경 제어(스마트제어)가 겨울철 장미 ‘비스트’의 절화품질에 미치는 영향을 기존의 농 가 수동제어(수동제어)와 비교하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 지능 형 스마트제어가 온실환경인 기온, 배지온도, 상대습도를 겨 울철 절화 장미 생산에 적합하게 유지시켰다. 반면, 수동제어 는 적정한 환기와 상대습도 관리에 다소 불리하였고, 결과적 으로 겨울철 과습으로 흔히 발생하는 잿빛곰팡이 발병이 증가 했으며 절화수명이 단축되었다. 절화의 생체량, 길이, 수명 등 절화품질 역시 스마트제어를 통해 상대적으로 개선되었다. 이 번 연구를 통해 스마트제어 방식이 시설환경관리 측면에서 겨 울철 고품질 절화 장미 생산에 유리하다는 것을 확인하였다.

Three different dogs who had immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) were treated for more than two weeks with blood transfusion in an animal clinic. Despite this treatment and hospitalization, there was no clinical improvement in clinical signs as well as complete blood cell count (CBC) including hematocrit (HCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). All cases were then injected two or three times with allogeneic stem cells through an intravenous route for treatment. Upon administrating stem cells to the IMHA dogs, clinical conditions and the indexes of HCT and CRP were clinically improved within or close to normal ranges.

In this study, we investigated the suppression of the corrosion of cast iron in a copper–cast iron double-layered canister under local corrosion of the copper layer. The cold spray coating technique was used to insert metals with lower galvanic activity than that of copper, such as silver, nickel, and titanium, between the copper and cast iron layers. Electrochemically accelerated corrosion tests were performed on the galvanic specimens in KURT groundwater at a voltage of 1.0 V for a week. The results revealed that copper corrosion was evident in all galvanic specimens of Cu–Ag, Cu–Ni, and Cu–Ti. By contrast, the copper was barely corroded in the Cu–Fe specimens. Therefore, it was concluded that if an inactive galvanic metal is applied to the areas where local corrosion is concerned, such as welding parts, the disposal canister can overcome local or non-uniform corrosion of the copper canister for long periods.

국내 절화류 표준규격은 장미, 카네이션, 국화 등 17개 품 목에 대하여 고시되어 있으나 이에 대한 생산자들의 인지도 및 활용도가 낮을 뿐만 아니라, 공영도매시장별 품질등급의 결정기준이 서로 달라 표준규격 운영의 실효성도 낮은 수준이 다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 도매시장의 화훼류 출하 실태를 조사하고 국내 시장 환경에 적합한 절화류 표준규격 개선 방 안을 모색하고자 하였다. 지난 10년간 국내 공영도매시장에서 거래된 절화류 품목의 수는 평균 228개 품목으로 꾸준히 증 가하는 추세이며, 주요 거래품목의 종류도 해마다 변화되고 있어 현재 절화류 표준규격에 고시된 품목만으로는 빠르게 변 화하는 화훼 시장에 대응하는데 한계가 있다. 2022년 기준 20대 절화류 가운데 라넌큘러스와 루스커스를 포함한 7개 품 목의 표준규격이 고시되어 있지 않다. 따라서 주요 거래품목 들을 대상으로 표준규격 고시 품목의 확대가 필요하며 품목별 표준규격 이외에 절화류 전체에 공통적으로 적용 가능한 절화 (공통) 표준규격 제정이 필요하다. 또한 현행 화훼류 표준규격 에서 품질평가 지표가 주관적 기준에 따라 평가될 수 있는 항 목들로 구성됨에 따라 aT화훼공판장에 상장된 절화의 68.1% 가 ‘특’으로 거래되는 등 실제 품질보다 높게 평가되고 있다. 이에 절화의 무게나 줄기의 굵기 등 절화의 내적 품질을 객관 적으로 평가할 수 있는 지표를 도입하고 개화정도나 결점 등 외적 품질을 판단할 수 있는 등급도감의 도입도 필요하다. 크 기구분 역시 aT화훼공판장에 상장된 절화의 18.5%만이 ‘1급’ 으로 출하되는 등 국내 생산환경에 적합한 수준으로 설정되어 있지 못할 뿐만 아니라, 온라인 유통 확대 등 절화 유통환경의 변화에 맞춰 실제 특성값을 표기할 수 있도록 표시방법을 변 경하고 절화의 길이 이외에도 꽃의 크기, 꽃 수 등 다양한 항 목의 정보를 제공할 수 있도록 개선할 필요가 있다.

목적 : 선호하는 색상 오버레이 필름을 사용하면 가독성이 향상되는지 정상 그룹과 광과민성 의심 그룹으로 분 류하여 비교 및 분석하고, 가독성 향상이 디지털 디스플레이와 기존의 종이 모두에서 일관되게 나타나는지 알아보 고자 하였다. 방법 : 2~30대 50명(남자 22명, 여자 28명)을 대상으로 광과민성 정도를 확인하기 위한 설문조사를 진행하였 고, 색상 오버레이 필름을 사용하여 색상 선호도 검사, 단어 읽기 검사 그리고 만족도 검사를 종이와 디지털 디스 플레이에서 모두 진행하였다. 결과 : 종이에서 정상 그룹과 의심 그룹 모두 Yellow 오버레이 필름을, 디지털 디스플레이에서는 정상 그룹이 Yellow 오버레이 필름, 의심 그룹이 Gray 오버레이 필름을 가장 선호하였다. 색상 오버레이 필름을 사용한 후 정 상 그룹과 의심 그룹은 종이와 디지털 디스플레이 모두에서 읽기속도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 읽기속도 향상률은 종이에서 정상 그룹 3.66%, 의심 그룹 6.61%로 유의한 차이가 있었고, 디지털 디스플레이에서 정상 그룹 3.09%, 의심 그룹 3.91%로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 정상인과 광과민성 증후군 모두 색상 오버레이 필름을 사용하면 가독성 향상에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타 났다. 읽기속도 향상률을 비교하였을 때 종이에서만 유의미한 차이가 관찰되었고, 따라서 디지털 디스플레이를 사 용할 때 더 정밀한 색상 오버레이가 필요하다고 생각된다. 앞으로 색상 오버레이의 효과를 종합적으로 평가하기 위 해서는 다양한 사용자의 환경과 디스플레이를 반영한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

Silage inoculants, crucial in modern silage production, comprise beneficial microorganisms, primarily lactic acid bacteria (LAB), strategically applied to forage material during ensiling. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various inoculants produced by different companies. Five treatments were evaluated, including a control group: T1 (Lactobacillus plantarum), T2 (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus pentosaceus), T3 (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus pentosaceus + Lactobacillus buchneri), T4 (Lactobacillus plantarum + Lactobacillus acidophilus + Lactobacillus bulgaricus), and T5 (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus pentosaceus + Enterococcus faecium). Italian ryegrass was harvested at the heading stage and treated with these silage inoculants. Samples were collected over a 60-day ensiling period. Co-inoculation with L. plantarum and P. pentosaceus (T2) resulted in significantly higher CP compared to the control group co-inoculation exhibited with resulted in Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus in the T2 treatment exhibited higher CP content of 106.35 g/kg dry matter (DM). The T3 treatment, which included heterofermentative bacterial strains such as Lactobacillus buchneri, exhibited an increase in acetic acid concentration (11.15 g/kg DM). In the T4 treatment group, which utilized a mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, the NH3-N/TN content was observed to be the lowest (20.52 g/kg DM). The T5 containing Enterococcus faecium had the highest RFV (123) after 60 days. Expanding upon these findings, the study underscores not only the beneficial effects of particular inoculant treatments on silage quality but also underscores the potential of customized inoculation strategies in maximizing nutrient retention and overall silage preservation.