The object of this study is to evaluate whether the means of egress of Jechon Sports Center and Miryang Sejong Hospital, where massive fire human casualties occurred in 2017 and 2018 respectively, comply with NFPA 101(Life Safety Code), and to suggest the need for supplementation of domestic means of egress regulations. The study evaluated the number and arrangement of the means of egress, travel distance, common path of travel, dead end and discharge from exit for each building by applying the means of egress regulations of NFPA 101. As a result of the evaluation through NFPA 101, the travel distance was appropriate, but some of the other items except for the travel distance did not meet NFPA 101. The regulations that need to be supplemented are 1)occupant load calculation 2)egress capacity calculation 3)continuous concept of means of egress 4)concept of common path of travel. It is especially necessary to revise the requirement for fire door of the evacuation floor(normal 1st floor) of the stairwell in case of below the five story building.

이 논문의 목적은 기독공동체가 본질적 목회를 추구하면서 건강한 성장을 이루는 성경적 목회 패러다임을 도출하는 것이다. 이에 이 연구는 교회 운동의 두 축인 교회성장학(church growth)과 선교적 교회론(missional ecclesiology)을 살핀다. 연구의 진행은 두 이론을 대표할 만한 학자들의 견해를 살핀 다음 다시 두 이론의 공통점과 합일점을 이해하여 상호보완적으로 결합한다. 이는 초기 교회성장학의 선교 정신을 재이해하면서 선교적 교회론과의 협력을 통해 본질적 교회성장을 추구하기 위해서다. 또한, 교회성장과 선교(또는 통전적 선교)의 관계를 동일선상에서 해석하는 ‘통전사적 궤도’(holistichistorical Orbit)의 관점 때문이다. 다시 말해, 하나님의 선교는 구속 사적(redemptive-historical)이고 약속사적(promise-historical) 인 선교의 양방향을 모두 아우르기 때문에 궁극적으로 교회성장과 선교는 우선성의 논의주제가 아니라 ‘하나님 나라’(Kingdom of God) 를 위한 절대적이고 유기적인 동역 관계라는 의미다. 이런 관점에서 이 논문은 두 이론의 ‘통섭’을 중시하고 이로 인한 교회성장을 ‘통섭적 교회성장’(church growth of consilience)이라고 칭한다. 이런 측면 에서 이 연구는 중도주의적이고 연결주의적이며, 모이고 흩어지는 교회론적 균형을 통해 ‘참된 교회의 성장’을 추구한다.

This study analyzes the importance and implementation of countermeasures to reduce safety accidents that may occur during fishing in coastal gillnet fishing. Safety accidents that may occur in coastal gillnet fishing were classified into 56 measurement items in six areas: slips and trips, contact with machinery, falls, struck by object, musculoskeletal symptoms, and electrical shock. 35 fishermen belonging to coastal gillnet associations in Tongyeong and Namhae were selected as samples, and the importance and implementation of the proposed measurement items were investigated in the field. In addition, the results were evaluated visually by IPA analysis. As a result of the analysis, the importance of struck by object was the highest, and the implementation of slips and trips was the highest. On the other hand, prevention of musculoskeletal damage was found to be the lowest in both importance and implementation. The area with the most significant difference in importance and implementation by the classified area for measurement items was struck by object, and the area with the minor difference was slips and trips. Among the measurement items, the importance is highly recognized, but there are items with low implementation. To improve their level of implementation, countermeasures such as continuous education, economic support, and structural change of fishing boats should be prepared; moreover, policy support activities for implementation should be carried out.

본 연구는 최근 다시금 논란이 되는 복지 사각지대 문제를 다룬다. 먼 저, 현재 복지 사각지대 해소를 위해 어떤 제도들이 있는지 확인하고, 현 제도의 한계가 무엇인지를 확인한다. 그리고 현 제도의 한계를 바탕으로 제도적 개선점이 무엇인지를 고민해보고자 한다. 논의는 크게 세 측면에 서 이루어진다. 먼저 저소득층 대상 복지제도의 핵심인 국민기초생활보 장제도의 개선 방향이다. 두 번째는 복지 사각지대 발굴체계 개선에 관 한 논의이다. 마지막으로, 기존 제도가 아닌 대안적 사회보장제도에 관한 논의를 짧게 소개하고자 한다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 앞으로 복지 사 각지대 문제 개선을 위한 과정에 이바지하고자 한다.

선박용 엔진에서 배출되는 배기가스에는 다량의 수분과 미세먼지를 포함하고 있다. 미세먼지에는 여과성 미세먼지와 배기 배 출 후 액상으로 변화하는 응축성 미세먼지가 포함되어 있으며 배출 전에 걸러지는 고체상 미세먼지보다 응축성 미세먼지가 더 많은 것으 로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 배기가스의 배기열과 수분을 회수하고 응축성 미세먼지를 제거하기 위한 실험장치를 실험실 내의 가스 보일러 배기가스를 이용하여 테스트 하였다. 배기가스는 1차적으로 냉각방식으로 수분과 응축성 미세먼지가 제거되고 2차적으로 흡수제 방식에 의해 추가적으로 수분이 제거되었다. 상대습도 측정에 의한 배기가스 수분 제거율을 계산하면 1단계 배기냉각 방식으로 73%, 2단 계 흡수제 방식으로 90% 제거되는 것으로 측정되었다. 이 과정에서 응축성 미세먼지는 80~90% 제거되는 것으로 측정되었다. 개발 시스템 에 의해 회수된 열은 공정열로 활용할 수 있으며, 회수된 물은 수처리 과정을 통해 공정수로 활용할 수 있다. 또한 현재 관리 규제가 되고 있지 않지만 미세먼지의 주요 원인인 응축성 미세먼지를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Korea is a country where the population is concentrated in metropolitan areas that have undergone rapid industrial development. As of 2020, more than 43% of the total population lives in large cities, and about 18.5% of the total population lives in Seoul. A basic human need living in such a metropolis is a pleasant environment. In this study, complex odors and designated odors were evaluated at the boundary areas and at the outlets for 15 public environmental facilities selected from among odor sources in Seoul. As a result of measuring the complex odor intensity was 3 ~ 6 times at the boundary areas and 100 ~ 4,481 times at the outlets. In food waste treatment facilities, incineration facilities, and waste transfer station facilities, the compound making the largest contribution to odor is acetaldehyde, which was recorded at 46%, 25%, and 32% respectively. At a sewage treatment facility and agro-fisheries wholesale market, hydrogen sulfide was the largest contributing compound at 71% and 29% respectively.

The types and distribution ratio of odor removal systems installed in publicly owned environmental facilities such as sewage treatment, wastewater treatment, manure treatment, livestock manure treatment, and food waste treatment were investigated. Since the intensity of the odor and the composition of the odor substances are different depending on the type of each public treatment facility, different odor removal efficiencies were derived depending on the applied odor removal technology. In addition, the removal efficiency of complex odors and individual odor substances of odor removal systems such as those applying biofilters, scrubbers, and adsorption towers were also compared and evaluated. Although it depends on each odor removal technology and application facility, about 50% of various odor removal systems presented an odor removal performance of less than 30%. The odor removal systems with an odor removal efficiency of 70% or more were evaluated to be less than 30% of the total number. Therefore, we suggest that odor removal efficiencies should be improved through continuous monitoring, diagnosis, reinforcement of maintenance, and improvement of systems.

키르기스스탄은 1991년부터 2021년까지 12차례의 개헌 국민투표를 통해 정치시스 템(정부구성 및 의회구성 방식)을 수시로 변경해 왔다. 정부형태는 독립 이래 2010년 까지 대통령제를 유지해 왔고, 2010년 6월의 개헌국민투표를 통해 의원내각제(준 대 통령제)로 수정되었고, 2016년 12월의 개헌국민투표로 이원집정부제로 수정되었고, 2021년 4월의 개헌국민투표에서 대통령중심제 정부로 되돌아갔다. 이러한 기간 동안 의회구성 방식 역시 수차례 변경되었다. 단원제에서 양원제로, 그리고 또 다시 단원 제로 변경되었다. 의회구성 방식 및 의회 정족수 역시 수시로 변경되었다. 본 글은 지난 30년 동안 국민투표를 통해 정치시스템이 수시로 변화되는 이유를 Planning Fallacy·Optimiatic bias 등의 관점에 기초해서 밝히고 있다.

PURPOSES : Owing to industrial development, the occurrence of continuous environmental damage such as abnormal weather is accelerating because of a rapid increase in carbon emissions. Therefore, various efforts are expended worldwide to realize a low-carbon ecofriendly society. In the construction industry, various efforts have been realized to reduce environmental pollution such as greenhouse gas emissions, for example by introducing eco-friendly materials and reducing industrial waste. In this study, an asphalt pavement technology that can reduce production and construction temperatures by more than 60 °C is developed to reduce the amount of carbon generated in the asphalt industry. METHODS : The performance of a half-warm asphalt binder developed using thermoplastic elastomers and low-temperature additives was assessed. In addition, the change in the quality of a mixture due to the use of the half-warm asphalt binder was evaluated. RESULTS : As the amount of thermoplastic elastomer used increases, the performance grade of the asphalt binder increases as well. When 3% or more of the elastomer is incorporated, the target performance grade of the asphalt binder is satisfied. In addition, by incorporating the thermoplastic elastomer and a low-temperature additive, the overall moisture and rutting resistance increased even at relatively low production and compaction temperatures. CONCLUSIONS : Additional measures to stabilize quality and improve economic feasibility will present a new paradigm for investigations into eco-friendly asphalt concrete pavements.

PURPOSES : In this study, a system is investigated and developed to remove fog by injecting air onto a road using high-pressure air generated by turbo blowers installed on both edges of the road without using artificial chemicals. METHODS : A test device was constructed on a scaled road measuring 5 m long. A 225 kW class turbo blower was used to supply air. An air injection nozzle was installed to allow high-pressure air supplied from the turbo blower to be sprayed vertically from the edge of the road and horizontally from the surface of the road. Ten micro humidifiers were used to generate fog. RESULTS : Experimental results show that when ground fog occurs on the road, spraying air only in the vertical direction cannot effectively remove the fog. However, when vertical and horizontal nozzles are used simultaneously, both ground fog and flowing fog are removed effectively. CONCLUSIONS : A system for removing fog by spraying air jet is constructed, and fog is generated using a micro humidifier. Results from the fog removal performance test show that the system effectively removes fog.