The toxic substances (endotoxins) from the bacterial cell walls were extracted by using incubator, centrifuge, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and their fatty acid compositions were analyze by Gas Chromatography. The lethal toxicities and pyrogenic activities of toxic substances were tested and the results were compared each other. The results of fatty acid analyses showed that the major fatty acid of the toxic substance was tetradecanoic acid for Vibrio vulnificus, dodecanoic acid for Escherichia coli and decanoic acid for Salmonella typhimurium. These three fatty acids were the main fatty acids for three toxic substances (more than 70%). The unique points in the fatty acid compositions were that tetradecanoic acid was composed as important one (37.15%) for V. vulnificus and that the amount of hexadecanoic acid was very small (below 2%) for three toxic substances. The lethal toxicity in ICR mice of toxic substance from V. vulnificus (LD_50 was 52.5 ㎎/㎏) was similar to that of E. coli (56.5 ㎎/㎏), but weaker than that of S. typhimurium (37.5 ㎎/㎏). Toxic substance from V. vulnificus was more pyrogenic in rabbit than that from E. coli, but less than that from S. typhimurium.

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between concentrations of heavy metals in sediment and the depths of 27 sampling sites along the West Nakdong river in downstream of Nakdong River. The deepest site was Kangdong bridge nearby 20ft. From here, the depth was shallowed to Chidong gradually. In each site the smaller mesh was, the higer concentration of heavy metal becomed. Concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu at inflow point of Shinoe stream was 576.016 ppm, 262.307 ppm, 68.674 ppm and 61.634 ppm, respectively, the concentration was the higest at this point. From here, it was lowered gradually. The concentration of heavy metal at inflow point of Joman river was 155.328 ppm, 56.485 ppm, 25.200 ppm and 31.172 ppm, respectively, those concentrations were higer than other points with the exception of Shinoe stream. Therefore, Joman river and Shinoe stream were the major source of pollution in West Nakdong river. Among two sources Shinoe stream was more important source of pollution. West Nakdong river has become lake by Noksan floodgate because it`s pollution has had influence on Bonglim.

수발아가 벼의 품질 및 정현 비율 감소에 미치는 영향, 수발아성의 품종간 차이 및 왕겨로부터 발아 억제물질을 추출하여 수발아 방제를 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 현미중은 무처리에 비하여 수발아 처리일수가 길어질수록 감소되는 경향으로 6일 처리시 약 20% 감소되었다. 2. 수발아 처리일수에 따른 완전립 비율은 무처리가 99.5%인데 반해 6일 처리시 41.3%로 현저히 저하되었다. 3. 인디카품종은 대부분 난수발아성이었으나 자포니카(9.2∼79.7%) 및 통일형 품종(2.1∼63.7%)은 품종간 차이가 현저히 나타났다. 4. 난수발아성인 IR36, 신운봉벼 및 중원벼의 왕겨를 메탄올을 이용하여 추출한 물질이 발아억제에 효과가 있었다.

A global carbon cycle model (GCCM), that incorporates interaction among the terrestrial biosphere, ocean, and atmosphere, was developed to study the carbon cycling and global carbon budget, especially due to anthropogenic CO2 emission. The model that is based on C, ^13C and ^14C mass balance, was calibrated with the observed CO2 concentration, δ^13C and Δ^14C in the atmosphere, Δ^14C in the soil, and Δ^14C in the ocean. Also, GCCM was constrained by the literature values of oceanic carbon uptake and CO2 emissions from deforestation. Inputs (forcing functions in the model) were the C, ^13C and ^14C as CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use, and ^14C infection into the stratosphere by bomb-tests. The simulated annual carbon budget of 1980s due to anthropogenic CO2 shows that the global sources were 5.43 Gt-C/yr from fossil fuel use and 0.91 Gt-C/yr from deforestation, and the sinks were 3.29 Gt-C/yr in the atmosphere, 0.90 Gt-C/yr in the terrestrial biosphere and 2.15 Gt-C/yr in the ocean. The terrestrial biosphere is currently at zero net exchange with the atmosphere, but carbon is lost via organic carbon runoff to the ocean. The model could be utilized for a variety of studies in CO_2 policy and management, climate modeling, CO2 impacts, and crop models.

본 실험은 포장과 포트재배에서 토양시비수준(土壤施肥水準), 온도(溫度) 및 광조건(光條件下)에서 건물생산량과 광합성(光合成) 속도의 차이를 측정분석하여 야콘의 적정생장(滴定生長) 조건(條件)을 밝히고자 실시하였다. 1. 포장에서의 시비수준별 건물생장율은 무처리구 보다 퇴비구에서 높게 나타났으며, 구근의 건물중은 무처리구와 질소처리구와는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 최대 엽광합성 속도는 퇴비구(S-1)에서 17.3mg CO2gdm-2s-1로 다른 질소 처리구 보다 높았으au, 무처리구의 엽광합성 속도가 가장 낮았다. 3. 광환경(光環境) 조건(條件)에 따른 퇴비구와 무처리구의 엽광합성 속도차이는 뚜렷하게 차이가 났으며 광포화점은 1200±50μmolm-2s-1이었다. 4. 광합성속도는 34±3℃ 정도에서 높은 반면 28℃ 정도 이하에서는 기공저항에 의하여 엽광합성 속도가 낮았다.

패모의 조직배양에 있어서 대량 증식의 효율을 높이기 위하여 LS배지에 2, 4-D와 kinetin, NAA와 BA를 단독 또는 혼용처리에 의한 자구(子球)의 수 및 비대(肥大) 정도(程度), 부정아(不定芽)의 수(數) 및 크기, 캘러스 유기율 뿌리의 발생율, 암배양과 명배양의 차이, 캘러스로부터 식물체 재분화, 배지 지지물이 자구(子球)의 식물체분화에 미치는 영향 등을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 인편(鱗片) 조직의 배양에서 자구(子球) 형성을 NAA와 BA의 처리구보다 2, 4-D와 kinetin의 처리구에서 양호하였고, 부정아(不定芽)의 수는 2, 4-D 2 mg/L과 kinetin 1 mg/L 처리구에서 많았으며, 캘러스 형성은 kinetin 처리와는 관계없이 2, 4-D 농도가 1~2 mg/L인 단독 처리구에서, 뿌리의 발생은 NAA 1~3 mg/L의 단독처리구에서 생장이 양호하였다. 2. 절조직(節組織)에서는 kinetin 5 mg/L를 첨가하였을 때 자구(子球) 형성율이 가장 높았으며, 절(節) 부분의 액아(腋芽)에서 자구(子球)가 출현하였다. 3. 암배양보다 16시간 명배양이 인편(鱗片)의 자구(子球), shoot, 캘러스 및 뿌리를 형성하는데 효과적이었다. 4. 식물체 재분화는 2, 4-D 0. 2 mg/L과 kinetin 1 mg/L 처리구에서 양호하였으며, 생장조절 물질을 첨가하지 않은 배지에서 식물체의 크기 및 뿌리의 형성이 양호하였다. 5. 배지 지지물은 phytagel이 한천(寒天)보다 shoot의 수 및 크기에서 효과적이었다.

할미꽃의 뿌리에 함유되어 있는 제초활성물질의 확인과 동정을 위하여 이들을 추출 정제하고 활성성분 및 제초활성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 각종 칼럼크로마토그래피법과 Prep. HPLC의 순차적인 적용에 의해 제초활성물질이 포함된 할미꽃 뿌리의 메타놀추출물을 정제하여 2개의 활성분획을 획득하였다. 2. 최종적으로 얻어진 활성분획들을 100ppm의 농도로 조제하여 처리한 결과, 식용피 유근의 생장 억제율은 대조구에 비해 각각 48% 및 60%로 나타났다. 3. GC-MS Spectrometry에 의해 분리된 활성분획 중의 성분들을 기존자료들과 비교하여 수종의 지방산 에스테르, 2종의 탄화수소류, squalene, evidonol 및 1종의 diazepin 관련 화합물이 동정되었다.

대립벼의 생육특성 및 등숙저하 원인을 구명하고자 탐진벼와 장간대립임 SR7796F7, 단간대립인 SR11269F6를 6월4일 이앙하여 물질생산능력과 생산구조의 차이 및 수량성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 엽면적지수는 탐진벼, SR11269F6, SR7796F7순으로 높았으며, 출수20일이후부터 엽면적 감소는 대립벼가 탐진벼보다 컸다. 2. 지상부 총건물중은 SR11269F6, 탐진벼, SR7796F7순으로 많았다. 출수율 대비 성숙기의 경의 건물중이 탐진벼는 15%, SR11269F6은 2%감소하였으나, SR7796F7은 5% 증가하였다. 등숙기간중 이삭무게 증가는 대립벼가 탐진벼보다 등숙초기에는 많았고 등숙후기에는 적었다. 3. 총건물중에 대한 각 기관별 분배율을 보면 엽신의 비율은 대립벼가 탐진벼보다 적었고 그 차이는 출수기 이후에 더욱 컸다. 그러나, 수수기 경의 분배율은 탐진벼는 36%인 반면 SR7796F7은 38%, SR11269F6는 41%로 대립벼에서 많았다. 4. 최대엽신분포부위는 지상부로부터 탐진벼는 40~50cm, SR11269F6는 30~40cm, SR7796F7은 70~80cm였으며, 수수분포 절위는 탐진벼는 40cm, 대립벼는 70cm로 대립벼에서 컸다. 5. 대립벼는 탐진벼보다 단위면적당 광합성속도가 낮았으며 등숙비율이 현저히 낮아 결과적으로 수량도 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 대립벼의 등숙향상을 위해서는 생육기간중 엽면적 확보와 아울러 이를 생육후기까지 유지시킬 수 있는 재배법 개발이 요구되며 주내의 생육을 균일하게 하는 것이 중요하다고 생각된다. 중요하다고 생각된다

Continuous deodorization of malodorous sulfur compounds by Thiobacillus neapolitanus R-10 immobilized onto a polypropylene pellet was studied using a column reactor at 30℃. The maximum amounts of immobilized cells was 5.3 g/ℓ polypropylene with 5 × 7.5㎜ in pellet size, and the amounts of immobilized cells in the higher part of the column was as twice as in the lower part. The optimum pH and temperature for removal of dimethyl sulfide were 6.0 and 30℃, respectively. When 5-20 ㎕/ℓ of hydrogen sulfide and methylmercaptan were employed 98% of removal efficiency were achieved. In contrast, lower concentrations of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyldisulfide should be supplied to meet satisfactory deodorization efficiency. The immobilized cell column was successfully operated for the deodorization of mixture of sulfur compounds over 15 days without significant loss of initial activity achieving high efficiency.

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 생장조절물질(生長調節物質)이 고추냉이의 종자발아(種子發芽)와 유묘생장(幼苗生長)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사하기 위하여 Indolacetic acid(IAA), Indolbutyric acid(IBA),GA3, GA4, kinetin 및 benfyladenine(BA)를 농도별(濃度別)로 종자(種子)에 처리(處理)하여 발아률(發芽率)과 발아기간(發芽期間), 그리고 유묘생장(幼苗生長)을 조사하였다. 1. 휴면종자(休眠種子)의 종피(種皮)를 제거한 결과 휴면(休眠)이 타파(打破)되어 발아률(發芽率)이 현저히 높아졌다. 2. GA3, GA4, BA, kinetin은 종자(種子)의 휴면타파(休眠打破)에 효과가 인정되었으나 IAA, IBA는 효과가 없었으며, GA3, BA 및 kinetin이 GA3보다 휴면종자(休眠種子)의 발아(發芽) 촉진(促進)에 효과가 있었다. 3. BA와 GA3, 100ppm의 혼합처리(混合處理)는 BA의 농도(濃度)가 50ppm과 100ppm인 경우에 BA의 단독처리(單獨處理)보다 효과가 높았다. 4.유묘(幼苗)의 뿌리, 하각축(下脚軸) 및 자엽병(子葉炳)은 GA3와 GA4에 의하여 도장(徒長)되었는데 BA와 kinetin의 처리(處理)는 GA3와GA4의 처리(處理)에 비하여 양호하였다. 이상의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)하여 볼때, 고추냉이의 휴면종자(休眠種子)를 약 50ppm의 BA 및 kinetin 욕액(浴液)에 3시간정도 침지(沈漬)하는 것이 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽)와 유묘생장(幼苗生長)에 효과가 있어 약 5일(日)정도 침지(沈漬)하는 100ppm의 GA3용액(溶液)을 대신하여 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Thiobacillus neapolitanus R-10 isolated from sludge of night soil, showed an oxidizing activity on several malodorous sulfur compounds. The microbe successfully utilized hydrogen sulfide(H_2S), methy mercaptan(MM), dimethyl sulfide(DMS) and dimethyldisulfide(DMDS) during the batch culture reaction, of which H_2S was rather rapidly oxidized. To examine the ability for removal of malodorous sulfur compounds, various concentrations of sulfide substrates were supplemented separately to basal medium and their responses were investigated. As the concentration of sulfide was increased, growth was accelerated within three days of cultivation. 2.5mM was the most favorable substrate concentration of sulfide added for all cases tested. However, when the concentration of sulfur compounds were raised over 4mM, they behaved as a growth inhibitor.

A numerical model has been developed to predict the deposition of air pollutants considering canopy effect. In this model, the deposition velocity is calculated using the deposition resistances(aerodynamic resistance, viscosity resistance, surface resistance). Using the results, a comparative study was made between the model calculation and observation results The calculated daily variation of deposition resistances and in daytime most of the model cases are well agreed with observation results, and a slight difference was found in nighttime. From the results, it is suggested that the present model is capable of estimating the deposition velocity of air pollutants considering characteristics of canopy layer.

The effects of reaction temperature, SO_2 and CO_2 concentration in an air gas stream, particle sizes of limestone on the reactivity and capacity of SO_2 removal have been determined in a thermogravimetric analyser(TGA). The apparent reaction order of sulfation reaction of pre-calcined lime(CaO) with respect to SO_2 is found to be close to unity. The apparent activation energies are found to be 17,000 ㎉/kmol for sulfation of pre-calcined lime and 19,500 ㎉/kmol for direct sulfation of limestone(CaCO_3). The initial sulfation reaction rate of pre-calcined lime increases with increasing temperature, whereas the sulfur capture capacity exhibits a maximum value at 900℃. In direct sulfation of limestone, sulfation reactivity and sulfur capature capacity of sorbent increase with increasing temperature and decreasing CO_2 concentration in a gas bulk stream. The main pore of pre-calcined lime is shifted to the larger pore sizes and pore volume decreases with increasing sulfation time and temperature. The surface area of lime decreases with increasing calcination temperature under an air atmosphere, whereas is rearly constant under a CO_2(5, 10%) atmosphere in a gas stream.

Transport rate of windblown dusts such as soil, sand, snow is proportionate to U_*^3 and U_*, friction velocity, approximately to flow velocity of wind. Therefore, through measurement and the flow velocity of wind, it turned out that,considering different velocity distributions caused by downstream distance and porosity percent,windbreaks with appropriate porosity rate to the protection area should be chosen for the optimal fence effect. In the economic respect, better are fences with gap of 20%∼30%. Among the windbreaks to have the optimal fence effect.

A predictive modal is demonstrated for gas removal rates from the atmosphere by dry deposition. Typical deposition velocities are complex functions of surface types, atmospheric stabilities, friction velocities, air pollutants, and so on. In this paper we simulated the calculation of dry deposition velocities near the earth surfaces, simultaneously we estimated real dry deposition velocities using the previous simulation. The measurement taken over a deciduous forest by Padro et al.(1988) were used to verify this model. In the comparison of the value of deposition velocity between numerical computation and observation, there are partially overestimations and underestimations between them, but we can speak that they are in a good accordance.