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        검색결과 792

        745.
        2004.06 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        U.S. organic farming has grown rapidly-20 percent or more annually-throughout the 1990s, which kept pace with consumer demand for organically produced food. Thus certified organic acreage is the total to 2.35 million acres in 48 state in 2001, and so the U.S. ranked fourth in land area managed under organic farming systems. And according to several surveys, consumer’s reasons for purchasing organic food are health and nutrition, taste and environmental concerns. California and North Dakota were the top two states in 2001 for certified organic cropland; the former with mostly fruits and vegetables, and the latter with wheat, soybeans, and other crops. And the top two states for certified organic pasture were Colorado and Texas. And then several states such as Iowa and Minnesota have begun subsidizing conversion to organic farming systems as a way to capture the environmental benefits of these systems. The price of organic produce fluctuates rather broadly because of being traded by market economy principle and of demandsupply disequilibrium. Nevertheless, average price premiums for organic produce are higher than the prices for the produce under conventional farming. Future prospects for U.S. organic farming are as follows; Demand for organically grown foods is expected to continue growing at a rapid pace, as more growers convert to organic production and more processors and distributors expand organic selections in their product lines. And new processed products and new types of healthy foods are likely to appear on the market, and some new organic products will be aimed at mainstream markets.
        746.
        2004.05 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        운동과학 및 건강과학 관련 학문 영역에서 문화간 비교 연구는 그 필요성이 지속적으로 제기되고 있으며 운동심리학 분야에서 운동행동의 문화비교 연구의 중요성에 대한 인식이 크게 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 변화의 단계 모형을 기초로 한국과 미국 대학생의 운동행동을 비교하는데 그 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 연구에 참여한 대학생은 총 352명 (한국인: 189명, 미국인: 163명)이었으며, 각 국 언어로 표준화된 운동행동의 변화의 단계, 변화의 과정, 의사결정균형, 자기효능감 질문지에 응답하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 단지 운동자기효능감만이 한국과 미국대학생들 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국적과 성에 관계없이, 단계적 변화모형의 하위변인들은 각 운동행동의 단계에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 이러한 결과는 일반적으로 한국과 미국대학생의 운동행동을 설명하는데 있어 단계적변화모형의 가능성을 지지한다고 사료된다.
        748.
        2003.06 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        This study wi1l examine the Eliot‘s reaction to the American Puritanism. One of the remarkable characteristics of American Puritan society was that it kept its balance between two contradictory doctrines. While the American Puritans had the Calvinistic notion of original sin, they emphasized their self-confidence and pride as the chosen people and believed that they had been already saved as New Israelites of the City of God. As a result, they paradoxical1y came to dilute the doctrine of original sin. It is the American Puritan jeremiad that reveals this paradox and has worked through American rhetoric as the ideology accelerating Americanization up to the present. Though it was a kind of reprimand and lamentation, the jeremiad was at the same time the rhetoric that directed an imperiled people of God to fulfill their destiny and guided them individually toward salvation and collectively toward the American City of God. This study examines Eliot’s reaction against such an optimistic progressive rhetoric. In a sense, E1iot as a Christian poet should be fundamentaIIy optimistic. Therefore it might be said that he is opposed not to optimism or progress itself, but to shallow such optimism and blind belief in progress without understanding of human life as Eliot thinks is Emerson’s Transcendentalism. And it is the transition from American Puritanism to Transcendentalism that Eliot pays attentlOn to. In the course of his reaction to American Puritanism inc1uding Unitarianism and Transcendentalism as a sequence of American Puritanism, Eliot in turn criticizes humanism for the be1ief in the goodness of human nature and the ignorance of original sin, which drives the modem world to what he regards as wrong, i. e., Romanticism, Democracy, and Protestantism. Therefore what concems Eliot the most about the modem world is the disappearance of the sense of sin, which, he argues, is another product of the American Puritan optimism.
        750.
        2002.10 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        본 연구 목적은 13가지 자신감 향상 전략들에 대한 한국 테니스 코치들의 이용빈도 및 지각된 효율성을 호주 및 미국 테니스 코치들과 비교하는데 있다. 또한 한국 테니스 코치들의 코칭 경험, 국가대표경력 유무, 그리고 학력이 자신감 향상 전략들의 이용빈도 및 효율성에 차이가 있는가를 비교하는데 있다. 피험자들은 클럽이나 중,고,대학에서 지도하고 있는 55명의 테니스 코치들이다. 한국 코치들은 자신감 향상을 위해 고안된 13가지 전략 모두를 적절한 정도로 이용하였으며, 이러한 전략들이 최소 적절한 효과가 있었다는 결과가 나왔다. 13가지 전략 중에서 지도와 훈련을 통한 경기력 증진, 언어적 설득, 성공적인 심상 사용, 자신감 있게 행동, 선수들로 하여금 긍정적 대화 유도, 강도 높은 체력훈련 실시, 시합의 결과를 중시하는 것 보다 기술적인 증진을 강조, 그리고 유사한 선수나 성공한 선수 모델링 기법을 사용하는 것 등 8가지 기술들은 한국 코치들이 아주 효과적이고 자주 이용하는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 코칭 경험, 국가대표 경험 유무, 학력에서 판별되는 자신감 전략 변인들에서는 약간의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 13가지 자신감 향상 전략들에 대한 한국, 호주, 그리고 미국 코치들의 결과를 비교해 볼 때, 거의 차이점을 발견할 수가 없었다. 그러나, 호주 코치들은 지도와 훈련을 통한 경기력 증진, 선수들로 하여금 긍정적 대화 유도, 자신감 있게 행동, 보상적인 언어사용, 시합의 결과를 중시하는 것 보다 기술적인 증진을 강조, 그리고 언어적 설득을 더 많이 사용하였다. 또한 미국인 코치들은 선수들로 하여금 긍정적 대화 유도, 언어적 설득, 지도와 훈련을 통한 경기력 증진, 자신감 있게 행동, 보상적인 언어 사용, 시합을 결과를 중시하는 것 보다 기술적인 증진을 강조하는 자신감 향상 전략들을 더 많이 사용하였다. 한국, 호주, 미국 세나라 국가 테니스 코치들의 공통점은 지도와 훈련을 통한 경기력 증진, 언어적 설득, 자신감 있게 행동, 선수들로 하여금 긍정적 대화 유도, 시합의 결과를 중시하는 것 보다 기술적인 증진을 강조하는 5가지 자신감 향상 전략들을 가장 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 Bandura의 자신감 이론의 관점에서 토의되어졌다.
        751.
        2002.09 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        This paper aims to provide quite recent information on the organic industry in the U.S. Major focuses are on the development of cultivation and marketing of fresh and processed organic produce and foods, newly enforced certification program, consumers" purchasing behaviors toward organic foods, and social survey results administered to the organic farmers in the U.S. The U.S. recorded 8 billion dollars" sale of organic foods in 2000, which was the largest in the world and showed 23% growth compared to the previous year. Yet the organic industry is still a niche market, occupying merely 1.5% of total food sale amount. The natural foods markets have not been so concentrated in the U.S., but it is changing and a few wholesale mart such as Whole Foods is emerging. Recent introduction of new certification program provides unified and sole standard at the federal level to which every certifier needs to adjust itself in order to be accredited by the government. According to a social survey, consumers purchase organic foods because they concern about health, they stick to their own modes of life favoring natural foods, and so on. Another social survey shows that most organic farmers sell their produces to wholesalers, distributers, or producer coop, and direct sale to visitors at their own farm comprises of about 8 percent of their organic land.
        752.
        2002.07 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of role of transport on aerosol concentration at Crate Lake, Oregon USA for 1988.3~1999. 5. The IMPROVE program is a cooperative measurement effort governed by a steering committee composed of representatives from USA federal and regional-state organizations. Also IMPROVE sampler is designed to obtain a complete signature of the composition of the airborne particles affecting visibility. According to 10-day backward isentropic trajectory analysis, the frequency of local, marine and Asian trajectory showed 33.1%(335 cases), 47%(478 cases), 5.2%(53 cases) respectively. The monthly variation of nss SO42-, nss S, NO3-, K and C showed the double peak pattern, high in April~May and August~September and showed the lowest concentration in Winter. The other constituents concentration except for Cl-, Na, Mg was high in local trajectory than marine trajectory. A ratio nss SO42- to SO42- was 90.5% in marine trajectory and 98% in local trajectory. It suggest that the aerosol in Crater Lake was effected by salt. The annual mean concentration of nss SO42- and nss S decreased but the the springtime concentration increased.
        753.
        2002.06 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Cheeka Peak is a unique site for monitoring the background chemistry and aerosol contents of pristine marine air at mid-latitude. During long-range onshore winds that occur frequently throughout the year, it is predicted to have the cleanest air in the northern hemisphere. Measurements of CO and O3 were conducted at Cheeka Peak Observatory(CPO) on the northwestern tip of Washington state, USA during March 6 ~May 29, 2001. The data have been segregated to quantify the mixing ratio of these species in the Pacific marine atmosphere. Also the marine air masses were further classified into four categories based on 10-day backward isentropic trajectories; high, mid, and low latitude and those which had crossed over the Asian industrial region. The diurnal variation of CO and O3 at CPO showed a similar to tendency of background measurement site. When marine air mass flowed to CPO, CO concentration was lower and O3 was similar or higher than those of total data. The westerly flow from ocean, not easterly from continent occurred the high concentration of CO and O3 at CPO. Using the trajectory segregation of marine air mass, the comparison of concentration according to latitude calculated. the CO concentration of Asian trajectory was lower than other latitudes, O3 concentration was higher.
        755.
        2002.03 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Generally hull insurance is undertaken by mean of a contract of hull insurance. A contract of hul1 insurance here is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured against the loss and damage to the vessel mused by maritime perils. A contract of hull insurance is consists of printed main insurance clauses and a clause includes many sub-clauses. Now the Institute Time Clauses-Hulls (hereunder refer to as "English hull insurance clauses"made by the Institute of London Underwriters is much used as the standard from or basic from by many countries ail over the world Now Korean insurance companies hue not made our their own hull insurance clauses, they have just adopted the made-out English hull insurance clauses and the english law and practice to solve the problem related to marine insurance. On the other hand, the United States of America and Japan have made out their own hull insurance clauses based on English hull insurance clauses and used the clauses for many years. Now American is using American Institute Hull Clauses(hereunder refer to as "American hul1 insurance clauses"as its own clauses which was made out by American Institute of Marine Underwriters in 1977 and Japan is also wing its own clauses named Japanese Hull Standard Clauses(hereunder refer to as "Japanese hull clauses") which was made out by japanese Hull Insurance Association in 1990. Therefore the purpose of this study is not only to make a comparative study on English hull insurance clauses 1995, American hull insurance clauses 1977 and Japanese hull clauses l990, but also to supply on some legal materials necessary for Korea to establish and perform our own hull insurance clauses.
        756.
        2001.06 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        This paper presents the educational methodology including shipboard training methods of Maritime Colleges in U.S.A. and the fields of engagement in business of the graduates from them. There are two Maritime Academies, i.e. U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) and U.S. Coast Guard Academy, which are supported by federal government and six Maritime Colleges operated by each State. Maritime Administration (MARAD) in the Department of Transportation (DOT) supports the training of merchant marine officers and crew members with a focus on safety in U.S. waterborne commerce. The shipboard training methods are not unique, but have various process. One is continuous sea term training onboard during sophomore (100 days) and junior year (200 days) in case of USMMA, the other is summer sea term training onboard every three months during freshman, sophomore and junior years in case of SUNY Maritime College. They offer also one month ship simulator training ashore. The employment status for the 1999 year graduates from USMMA shows 43 percent in the field of maritime afloat, 34 percent of maritime ashore, 22 percent of active duty military and 1 percent of others.
        757.
        2001.06 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        Stuart Davis. 2001. The Distribution of Aspirated Stops and /h/ in American English. Studies in Modern Grammar 24, 1-23. Languages that have both aspirated stops and the phoneme /h/ frequently manifest a close parallel in their distribution. Previous work in phonology either has failed to recognize this close parallel or does not formally account for it. For example, virtually none of the work on American English phonology observes the similarity of distribution that exists between /h/ and aspirated stops. In this paper we illustrate the close parallelism and then offer an analysis of it within Optimality Theory. The organization of this paper is as follows. In Section I we present the data that show the parallel distribution between /h/ and aspirated stops in American English. In Section 2 we develop an optimality-theoretic analysis accounting for the distribution of aspirated stops and /h/ in American English in a unified way. In Section 3 we discuss two other possible approaches in accounting for the distribution of /h/ and aspirated stops in American English and note their shortcomings. Finally, in Section 4 we briefly consider the distribution of aspiration and /h/ beyond American English and show the range of distribution patterns that are predicted to occur under the optimality-theoretic approach.
        759.
        2001.03 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        With increasing global concern that intensively synthetic chemical based farming systems accelerated the decline in environmental quality, the sustainability of modern agriculture became the subject of great concern. It is well known that the movement of Community Supported Agriculture(CSA) has been contributed significantly to the development of organic agriculture in USA and Japan. It was supposed that CSA could be one of the best way to promote the movement of organic agriculture since there is little reliability on the organically grown food by consumer. In this paper it was focussed to study the movement of CSA in USA and Europe in order to provide an idea for establishment and movement of CSA in Korea to support the organic agriculture. In a CSA system, the farmer grows food for a group of shareholders who pledge to buy a portion of the farm"s crop that season. This arrangement gives growers up front cash to finance their operation and higher prices for produce, since the middleman has been eliminated. For most shareholder for CSA saving money is a secondary consideration, but fresh safe products and environmentally sound farming system. People become shareholder of CSA since they expect an organic farming which can;① protect the environment, minimize pollution, promote health, ② replenish and maintain long term soil fertility by providing optimal conditions for soil biological activity, ③ maintain diversity within the farming system and its surroundings and protect plant and wildlife habit, ④ recycle materials and resources to the greatest extent possible within the farm and its surrounding community, ⑤ maintain the integrity of organic food and processed products through each step of the process from planting to consumption, ⑥ develop and adopt new technologies with consideration for their long range social and ecological impact. In all CSAs, the farmer develops a crop plan and a budget, which details costs for a growing season, including fair wages for the farmers. Experienced Information on increasing shareholder retention, the future of CSA, and getting started such as ideas for ongoing marketing, printed materials that set realistic expectations, working members, production, pick up and delivery, setting prices, and receiving feedback were also briefly introduced.
        760.
        2001.03 KCI 등재 서비스 종료(열람 제한)
        미국 메사추세츠 북중부에 산출되는 데본기 리틀톤층(Littleton Formation)의 남정석-십자석-석류석대에서 채취한 석류석 반상변정의 화학적 누대구조는 여러 번의 성장 단계를 경험했음을 보여준다. 석류석 반상변정들은 비대칭적이고 불규칙적인 Mn, Mg, Ca의 누대구조를 보인다. 조직대 경계부에서 석류석 성분들은 단면선에 따라 그 형태가 다르게 나타나고, XMn 과 Fe/(Fe+Mg)비의 역전 누대구조는 석류석내의 내부엽리의 발달과 밀접한 관계를 보여준다. 이런 관찰 사항들은 석류석 누대구조가 석류석을 형성/소모시키는 반응뿐만 아니라, 용해작용과 침전작용과 관련된 기존의 미세구조에 의해 변화되었음을 의미한다. 화학적 그리고 조직적 잘림구조의 관계 그리고 저자가 제안한 석류석 성장모델은 석류석 누대구조가 엽리의 발달 동안 전단 응력대에서 일어나는 선택적 용해작용과 압축 운동대에서 발생하는 침전작용에 의해 조절되었음을 지시한다.