본 연구는 우리나라에서 하나의 발명이 유효한 특허권으로 확정되는 과정에서 나타나는 두 가지 분쟁 형태, 즉 결정계(ex parte)와 당사자계(inter parte)를 대상으로 하여 분쟁에서의 승리에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 분석을 한 최초의 논문이며 기업, 소송, 대리인, 특허차원에서의 특성들을 설명변수로 구성하여 2단계 프로빗 회귀분석을 하였다. 분석모형에 따르면, 상대적 심판제기율, 심판제기까지 걸린 시간, 대리인 교체, 복수(複數) 대리인 등에서 결정계와 당사자계간에 평균 한계효과(average marginal effect)의 차이가 나타났다. 결정계의 경우 이들 변수가 승소확률을 낮추는 요인이 되지만, 당사자계의 경우 반대로 승소확률을 높이는 요인으로 작용하였다. 그런데, 결정계와 당사자계 모두에서 특허를 출원한 대리인의 경험이 많을수록 승소확률을 낮추는 역설적인 결과가 나타났다. 그러나, 이는 대리인의 경험이 많을수록 심판제기 확률이 높아지는 표본선택(sample selection)의 효과가 이미 반영되어 있기 때문이며, 대리인 경험의 전 범위에 적용할 수는 없을 것이다. 특허의 가치를 나타내는 청구항수는 승소확률을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 자연인인 특허대리인에 한정하였고, 특허대리인의 경험을 출원대리에 한정하였으나, 앞으로 소송대리의 경험, 특허법인 차원에서의 특성자료, 더 나아가 특허인용 자료와 연결이 된다면 많은 추가적인 연구주제들이 파생될 수 있을 것이다.

본고는 신경숙 소설을 정신분석학적 측면에서 살펴보았다. 신경숙의 소설은 결핍과 욕망의 존재인 인간의 근본속성에 대해 그려내고 있으며 그 과정에서 여주인공의 히스테리적 심리 구조를 보여주고 있다. 히스테리자는 아버지를 사랑하며 아버지의 욕망의 대상이 되고자 하나 그것은 금지이기 때문에 다른 방식으로 자신의 결여를 메꾸려 한다. 또한 히스테리적 오이디푸스 구조를 유지하기 위해 자신은 언제까지나 충족될 수 없는 결핍의 상황을 만들어내는 환상을 가진다. <딸기밭>에서 주인공과 인물들의 관계는 프로이트의 연구에서 ‘도라의 사례’와 유사한 욕망의 구조를 보여준다. ‘나’는 정상적인 오이디푸스과정을 거치지 못한 인물로 욕망의 결핍으로 방황하는 도라의 모습과 겹친다. 나의 욕망은 희미하게 존재조차 잊어버린 아버지의 자리를 채우지 못하고 대신 완벽한 여성성을 향유하는 ‘유’에게로 향한다. ‘유’라는 욕망은 자유롭고 부드러운 여성성이다. 어느 것에도 만족을 구할 수 없고 순수하게 자신으로부터 발생하는 욕망을 가질 수 없던 ‘나’는 사랑에 대한 욕망조차 유를 통해서 얻었던 것이다. <바이올렛>에서 주인공 오산이는 아버지의 존재를 경험한 적이 없기에 상실에 대해 슬퍼하거나 애도할 수조차 없는 인물로 그려진다. 오산이는 동성친구 남애를 통해 아버지에 대한 슬픔이라는 정서를 대신 충족하려고 하지만 그 관계가 깨어지고 성인이 되어서는 금지된 사랑을 꿈꾸는 남애를 동경한다. 소설의 결말에서 <딸기밭>의 주인공이 자신의 과거를 망각하고자 하는 것과 <바이올렛>에서 오산이가 자신의 욕망이 실현되지 못하는 것에 대한 좌절로 자기파괴를 시도하는 것은 히스테리자로서 환상을 유지하는 심리기제가 파국의 상황에서도 여전히 작동한다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 히스테리적 주체의 상황은 신경숙의 작품에서 일관되게 나타나는 소통의 단절, 고독감, 소외된 타자로서의 인물, 주제적 측면에서의 죽음 등과 관계가 있다. 소외되고 타자화되는 인물들의 고통과 방황, 그리고 인물간의 관계들은 정신분석학에서 히스테리자의 전형적인 주체 형성과정을 보여주는 욕망의 흐름에 따라 움직이고 있었다. 신경숙 소설은 온전히 자기 자신의 욕망의 주체가 되지 못하는 히스테리자의 공허한 내면을 적나라하게 그려내면서 인간의 실존적 불완전함에 대해 돌아보게 한다.

This paper focuses on the spatial analysis of traditional houses in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing period in China. It first reviews the spatial characteristics of the houses in Huizhou. Typical configurations, spatial elements and spatial compositions of the houses are briefly examined. It then discusses how those spatial characteristics are applied to the houses. To do so, the review of existing research and literature on the houses was conducted. For a detailed analysis of the houses, a field survey was performed to collect research materials of the houses and to assess the application of the characteristics in the houses. At times, the plans of the houses were redrawn for a further analysis of the spatial compositions of the houses. Attempts have been made to understand the underlying principles of their spatial organization. For example, Jin (2010) examined the spatial organization of unit plans. Boyd (1989), Berliner (2003) and Dan (2005) similarly categorized the organizational typology of its varying designs. Son(1995) further interpreted the spatial relations of the variety of houses in a comprehensive manner. Nevertheless, their analytic methodology falls short of a complete explanation of the spatial expansion and transformation in the houses. Therefore, this paper examines the basic principles behind the spatial expansion and transformation of a variety of traditional houses in Huizhou. In doing so, it strives to make logical sense of design variations in the houses and reveal the theory behind them.

출소 후 바로 범죄를 저질러 삼 개월 만에 다시 시설로 돌아오는 사람도 있고, 삼 년이 지나 재범을 저질러 교도소에 들어오는 범죄자도 있다. 둘 다 재범을 저질렀다는 점에서 동일하나, 분명 정상적인 사회생활을 누린 기간이 다르다는 점에서 두 범죄자의 사회 재적응력이나 재통합 정도는 다르다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 2005년에 출소한 30,224명의 범죄자 자료를 보라미 시스템에서 다운받아, 2011년 5월까지 약 5년간의 재입소율을 생존분석(survival analysis)으로 검토한 연구이다. 출소자들의 재입소에 영향을 주는 요인들이 어떠한 것들이 있는지 살펴보기 위해 본 연구에서는 교정프로그램을 (1)외부접견(귀휴, 체험/견학, 가족만남의날, 접견 포함), (2)교육훈련(교과교육, 직업훈련, 종교활동, 교도작업), (3)의료처우(의무관처방, 자비약품구입) 세 범주로 구분하였고, 종속변수는 재입소까지의 생존기간으로 보았다. 분석 결과, 전체 30,224명의 표본 중 43.5%에 해당하는 13,137명이 2005년 출소 이후 5년 내 다시 범죄를 저질러 시설에 들어온 것으로 나타났다. 이들의 재범 생존기간을 가지고 Cox 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 외부접견에 해당하는 일부 변수들(체험/견학, 가족만남의날, 접견)이 재복역한 출소자들의 생존기간과 유의미한 양(+)의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 교도작업 등의 일부 변수도 재입소 기간을 지연시키는 긍정적인 양(+)의 영향력을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 교정시설 내에서 많은 교정프로그램이 운영되고 있지만, 종단적인 차원에서 어떠한 활동들이 가장 출소 후 재범을 지연시키는지 구체적으로 밝혀진 것이 많지 않다. 본 연구 결과가 근거-중심의 교정정책(evidence-based correction)을 수립하는 작은 토대가 되기를 기대한다.

제초제 저항성 유전자가 도입된 형질전환 토마토에서 T-DNA의 특성을 분석하였다. 형질전환 토마토의 T-DNA 도입형태를 분석하기 위한 primer쌍을 제작하여 rpPCR을 실시하 였다. T0-21(15:1, 4 copy), 26(3:1, 3 copy), 34(63:1, 4 copy)의 경우에는 5쌍의 primer를 이용하여 수행한 rpPCR 결과에서 양쪽이 절단된 불완전한 T-DNA 반복이 확인되었다. 도입된 T-DNA의 주변 서열 및 분포를 알아보기 위하여 총 52개체의 형질전환체에 대하여 TAIL-PCR을 실시하였다. 이 중 22개 형질전환체의 TAIL-PCR 산물의 염기서열을 분석하였는데, 2개의 형질전환체에서 나온 염기서열 결과는 토마토의 12번 염색체와 90%, 1개체는 토마토 clone 135006R과 98%, 5개체는 담배의 엽록체와 97% 상동성을 보였으며, 12개체는 다양한 vector의 염기서열을 나타내었고, 그 외 나머지 개체들은 토마토 유전체 정보와 는 유사성을 찾을 수 없었다.

Aroma compounds in sun-dried salt according to saltern material and packaging box were extracted by the headspace and were isolated by using GC-MS. These compounds were identified including ketones, heterocyclic compounds and six other compounds. Major aroma compounds in salts were identified as 4-methyl-2 pentanone, 5-methyl-3-hexanone, 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, 2-hexanol, benzothiazole, 2, 4-bis(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-phenol, and 1, 3, 5 tri-tert-butyl benzene. However, we found no significant differences according to the saltern materials in three salts. Salts stored in Chamaceyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) had more diverse aroma profiling than those in Pinus densiflora and Paulownia coreana. We consider that it need to research the development of high value added products for new aromatic salt.

This study is to implement a model of CPC-mentoring program based on the mentoring theory and research environment analysis as well as to present the operation case of teaching and learning in colleges. Major research results should use the practical research methods utilizing the statistical program in order to verify the effectiveness of the program of CPC-mentoring program by comparing the before with the after of running the CPC mentoring program of the research objects, comparison group (61 people) and experiment group (33 people). After running the CPC mentoring program, whether there was a certification's acquisition or not of the comparison group and the experiment group, a statistically significant difference between the comparison group 34.3% (21) and the experiment group 72.7% (24), (p<0.05) was shown. The goal of the students participating in the CPC-mentoring program was to help one another in order to obtain certification. moreover, by engaging in mutually developing human relationship activities thru various methods, such as adaptation of college life, development of sociality, graduation, etc., good cooperative relationships with one another as well as further development of the relationship was formed. CPC-mentoring program is neither doing only people that want nor being effective for people only that want. A successful matching will naturally lead to all success since mentoring is human relationships is the misunderstanding. The role of a mentoring coordinator(professor) for the operation of a successful CPC-mentoring program and for the application method of detailed CPC-mentoring program was set. In addition, by considering the connectivity with the counseling guidance (shared and individual guidance) of students, which is the characterization direction of technical department of the college, it is expected to make a positive contribution if utilized in a multilateral manner.

This study analyzes the structure types of salmon oil to evaluate the purity of salmon oil products based on the 38 different types of imported salmon oil products distributed in the Republic of Korea. The major types of omega-3 foods in the salmon oil are ethyl ester (EE) and triglyceride (TG). If the salmon oil contained potential contaminants and was processed in order to remove it, EE type omega-3 fatty acids are found in concentration. This provides a good guide in assessing if products were made with EE type ingredients or re-esterified contaminated materials. The results of the FT-IR analysis showed significant difference in the C=O, C-O band positions in TG and EE. There were 19 TG type products and 19 EE type products. The analysis of carbon isotope ratio was performed on the types of TG and EE. There were different properties in the 19 TG type products. In one product, the carbon isotope ratio was －25.15 and the other 18 products showed －22.15～－23.96. The carbon isotope ratio of all 19 EE type products showed －21.91～－23.74. The results of the TLC analysis showed similar results with FR-IR. The re-esterified TG form was not detected in the TG type products, confirming that the TG type products contained natural salmon oil. This study aimed to provide the basic material in classifying the types of natural salmon oil and re-esterified salmon oil, by analyzing the pattern and proportion of FT-IR spectrum, carbon isotope ratio, and TLC.

A comparison of essential oils composition of Aster tataricus L. (gaemichwi), Ligularia fischeri (gomchwi), Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai (miyeokchwi), and Aster scaber (chamchwi) was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the identification of volatile flavor characteristics in chwi-namuls. The essential oils were extracted by the hydro distillation extraction method. One hundred volatile flavor components were identified from gaemichwi essential oil. α-Pinene (11.5%) was the most abundant compound, followed by myrcene (8.9%) and β pinene (7.5%). Ninety-one volatile flavor components were identified from the essential oil of gomchwi. Aromadendrene (14.8%) was the most abundant component, followed by β-caryophyllene (7.6%) and 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene) cyclohexene (7.3%). Ninety-five volatile flavor constituents were detected in the essential oil of miyeokchwi, moreover, spathulenol (15.7%) was the most abundant component. Ninety-six volatile flavor constituents were detected in the essential oil of chamchwi. Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (21.9%) was the most abundant component, followed by β-caryophyllene (9.5%) and δ terpinene (8.9%). The essential oil composition of gaemichwi was characterized by a higher contents of pinenes. The essential oil composition of gomchwi can be easily distinguished by the percentage of aromadendrene. Spathulenol and epi bicyclosesquiphellandrene were regarded as the characteristic odorants of miyeokchwi and chamchwi, respectively.

The objective of this study was to determine the optimum mixing ratio of Opuntia humifusa powder and sugar in the preparation of muffin. The optimal sensory composite recipe was determined by following the central composites for muffin with different levels of Opuntia humifusa powder (A) and sugar (B). The analysis was performed using the response surface methodology, and the sensory evaluation was performed with the data. Ten experimental recipes, including two with reference points in the composition, were selected. The compositional and functional properties were measured, and the physical and sensory values were applied to the mathematical models. Perturbation plots showed the effects of each ingredient on the final product. Measurements showed significant values in lightness (p<0.05), sweetness (p<0.05), hardness (p<0.05), gumminess (p<0.05) and cohesiveness (p<0.01). The sensory measurements showed significant values in color (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.05), appearance (p<0.05), softness (p<0.05) and overall quality (p<0.05). Based on the numerical and graphical methods, the optimal formulation was determined to be 6.10 g of Opuntia humifusa powder and 82.61 g of sugar.

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Agarum cribrosum as a natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of the general and antioxidant activities of Agarum cribrosum were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash were 45.4%, 15.0%, 2.3% and 33.1%. The calories of Agarum cribrosum were 262.3 kcal and total dietary fiber of Agarum cribrosum was 34.0%. The protein contained a total of 18 different kinds of amino acids. The content of amino acids was 12, 402.42 ㎎/100 g. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, Na and Mg, implying that Agarum cribrosum is an alkali material. The antioxidant activity of Agarum cribrosum was assessed by various radical scavenging assays using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), reducing power, and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)). All antioxidant activity of Agarum cribrosum extract increased the concentration of the dependents. Total phenolic contents of Agarum cribrosum extract were 34.1±2.56 ㎎/g, and total flavonoids contents were estimated at 4.9±0.26 ㎎/g. General nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in Agarum cribrosum were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that a follow-up study of Agarum cribrosum through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information or sources of functional foods.

The purpose of this study was to propose effective marketing communication strategies for overseas Korean restaurants through a multilateral comparison analysis of American, Chinese, and Japanese consumers' attitudes towards communication media and Korean restaurants. The survey was written in English, Chinese, and Japanese, with guideline for surveyors, and conducted using both online and offline methods. Samples were collected from five major cities - Los Angeles, New York, Tokyo, Beijing and Shanghai, which are the foothold for the globalization of Korean food. When it comes to attitudes towards communication media, word-of-mouth showed a high mean value, indicating it as the most useful and reliable media recognized by consumers who visited Korean restaurants. Furthermore, the necessity of recognizing the importance of visual communication in the physical environment of Korean restaurants and specialized websites, featuring restaurants and gourmet food, was observed. Consumers in all three nations chose word-of-mouth as the most useful and reliable media for learning about Korean restaurants. In addition, American consumers highly depended on signage and restaurant exteriors. Chinese consumers highly recognized the usefulness and reliability of offline media, such as newspapers, magazines, and events, while Japanese consumers considered online media, such as gourmet websites, blogs and social networks, as useful and reliable sources. A significantly positive attitude and high value was observed in all who had visited Korean restaurants. American and Japanese consumers had a significantly higher rate of intention to visit Korean restaurants in the future and to tell others about their satisfaction with Korean restaurants. Meanwhile, the average rate of prior preference for Korean restaurants (when choosing restaurants) was the lowest in all three countries. This study is useful for both the Korean government and food enterprises abroad to plan and develop marketing communication strategies properly for overseas Korean restaurants.

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing dietary satisfaction, and their perceived importance and performance, in North Korean refugees according to age. Questionnaires were completed by 220 North Korean refugees and data was analyzed with SPSS software. From our study we determined that fresh food, clean dishes, and proper vegetable oil are of high importance but considered poorly performed. 'Taste' and 'comfort' were factors with low importance but considered well-performed. The IPA technique proved that 8 items including Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, Q11, Q13 were in 'Doing great, keep it up' and no items that got high importance and low performance were in 'Focus here'. North Korean refugees like Korean food more than Chinese, Japanese, and Western food. They specifically want to learn how to cook Korean casseroles, soups, and side dishes(e.g. Myeolchibokkum, Kongjorim). The North Korean refugees who resided in South Korea under a year have difficulties in understanding menus and Western table manners.

분해능이 δλ∼-0.1A인 고분산 분광기를 사용하여 공생별 Z Andromedae (And)의 분광자료를 연구하였다. 분광 관측은 (1) 2001년 8월 30일(위상 φ=0.77)과 2002년 8월 12일(위상 φ =0.22)에 Lick 천문대의 Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph (HES)를 사용하여, 1800초와 3600초 노출의 고분산 자료를 얻었으며, (2) 2009년 10월 21일(위상 φ=0.70)에는 보현산 천문대의 Bohyunsan Echelle Spectrograph (BOES)를 사용하여 1200초 노출 시간의 고분산 자료를 얻었다. 약 3600A-9500A파장대의 HES와 BOES 관측 자료로 부터 HI, HeI, HeII에 대한 방출선을 선택하여 분석하였다. 이 선들의 선 윤곽 분석 작업을 통해 2개 또는 3개로 분리시키고, 위상별로 각 성분이 어떤 지역에서 형성되고, 백색왜성과 적색거성의 궤도 운동과 어떠한 관련이 있는지를 조사하였다. 라만 산란(Raman scattering)된 Hα선 선폭 및 HI, HeI, HeII의 위상별 변화를 보이는 방출선의 특성으로부터, 방출선들은 백색왜성 주위를 감싸는 강착원반과 이 원반 안의 두 라그랑지안(Lagrangian) 포인트 L1과 L2지역에서 주로 생성된 것으로 결론지었다. Z And는 활동성이 2009년과 2001년에 가장 활발했고, 2002년의 선 윤곽은 매우 복잡한 양상을 보임에도 불구하고, 활동성은 비교적 조용하였음을 암시하고 있다.

This study examined the historical changes in Jeon. The Korean dictionary was analyzed to analyze the modern definition of Jeon. To investigate the change in the type and cooking methods of Jeon, 36 cookbooks from the late 1800s to 1999 were analyzed. The cooking method for Jeon, such as the ingredient, quantity and how to cooking were presented systematically since 1935. The main ingredients of jeon in modern cookbooks are seafood 36.0%, vegetables 30.2% and meat 20.3%. Jeon made with seafood or vegetables, chopped meat put in each main ingredient or meatballs with minced meat, etc. meat was used to make Jeon in a variety of ways. The cooking method for Jeon in a frying pan is the most basic method. After trimmed materials, adding flour, eggs and oil are the most common way. Making dough with grain flour or ground potatoes, green beans, legumes, etc., and mixing the ingredients in a pan-frying methods appeared to be under the influence of other countries recipes. Modern food culture, introducing new ingredients and cookware, has changed. As a result, jeon cooking methods and the application of the material have varied. The type of jeon and cooking methods are expected to increase further and become more diverse.

역상 HPLC에 의한 polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80의 ethylene oxide(EO)분리 및 간편하고 빠른 정량분석 방법을 개발하였다. 분석조건으로 분리관은 YMC Pack Ph (250mm×4.6mm i.d., 5μm) 과 Phenomenex C4 (250mm×4.6mm i.d., 5μm)을 사용하였고, 검출기는 ELSD를 사용하였으며, 이동상은 water/acetonitrile의 기울기 용리에 의해 분석되었다. 이때 검량선의 상관계수(r2)는 180.2~980.5μg/mL 농도 범위에서 0.997이상 이었고, 검출한계, 정밀성이 우수하였다. 이 방법은 olysorbates의 산화에틸렌 분리분석 및 간편하고 빠르게 정량분석 가능함을 보여 주었다.

액체크로마토그래피법(HPLC)을 이용하여 화장품에 들어있는 자외선차단제류 등을 동시 분석하였다. 화장품 시료를 Tetrahydrofurane(THF)에 직접 용해시키고 0.45μm 필터로 여과하여 물/메탄올/THF를 이동상으로 하여 Extend C18의 비극성 컬럼을 사용하여 기울기용리조건에서 20분 안에 분리하여 UV/Vis detector방법으로 정량하였다. HPLC분석결과 검량선은 50~800μg/mL 농도범위에서 상관계수가 r2=0.9992 이상의 좋은 직선성을 나타내었으며 검출한계는 0.01μg/mL였다.