Spring phenology of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, was monitored using sex pheromone traps in apple cultivating areas. Their occurrence was earlier in southern areas and their population sizes were significantly different among orchards even in a local cultivating zone. The overwintering populations appeared to move between local orchards, based on the fact that monitoring data obtained at the sites between orchards were similar to those of nearby orchards. However, within orchards, these adult movements appeared to decrease and showed skewed occurrences at the side of upwind direction or close to neighboring orchards. At initial occurrence peak (April 20-25), the overwintering populations of the different localities were collected and analyzed in their genetic distances. PCR-RAPD analysis indicated that there were significant genetic differences among the overwintering populations of G. molesta. This genetic differentiation of overwinterin populations may be due to genetic bottleneck following differential selection pressures against the subpopulations of G. molesta during winter on the basis of the RAPD analysis that each early spring population was significantly different to its previous fall population in the same locality.

한국의 게임 산업은 디지털 엔터테인먼트 산업에서뿐만 아니라 영화와 음악의 전통적 문화콘텐츠 산업을 넘어 현대인들의 중요한 문화로 자리 매김하고 있으며, 특히 아동과 청소년에게 미치는 게임 산업의 영향은 과히 압도적이어서 이들의 정신적, 심리적 발달과 문화에 다양한 효과를 발휘하고 있다. 이러한 현대의 게임 산업에 대한 정보를 바탕으로 하여, 게임의 긍정적 효과는 극대화하고 부정적 효과는 줄일 수 있는 방안을 모색해보기 위해 게임을 이해하고 활용할 수 있는 일반인을 위한 교육용 게임콘텐츠를 개발하게 되었다. 더 나아가 보다 적극적이고 바람직한 방향으로서 게임을 세대 공감적 통로로서 활용하기 위한 다양한 방법들을 인식시키기 위해 본 콘텐츠를 개발하여 학습시켰으며 학습 후 다수의 학습자들에게 게임에 대한 올바른 이해를 증진시켰다.

Since 1980's, many enterprises have constructed Strategy Information System and tried BPR, ISP. Also, they implemented ERP and practiced the Process Innovation and Six Sigma for Management Innovation in todays. Although most companies had previous good plans, but those are not satisfied. Because of failed to change management and continued next activity. Many Project for Process innovation are ended as disposal project in my case, if they want next project, they need a new plan which needs additional fund and resource. This paper studied Process Innovation and Six Sigma in many things and proposed new model for continued project on the master plan. Also it proposed next study subject about ERP Optimization and Harmonization after implemented ERP which is considered as next step of PI.

Efficacies of two commercial mating distruptors (SPLAT<SUP>®</SUP> and Isomate<SUP>®</SUP>-ROSSO) were evaluated on field overwintering populations of Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in four apple orchards. Based on the monitoring with sex pheromone traps, all the orchards (Youngchun, Kyungsan, Chungsong, and Youngju in Korea) exhibited significant overwintering populations from late April to late May. Both mating disruptors that were applied 10 days before the monitoring period significantly inhibited the male orientation to the monitoring lures, in which SPLAT type was more effective than Isomate type in the disrupting efficacy. The disruption of male orientation was highly correlated with the reduction in the early leaf damage caused mostly by G. molesta.

한국원자력연구소에서는 현재 사용후핵연료의 효율적인 관리를 위한 차세대관리 종합공정의 실증용 핫셀을 건설중에 있다. 이 핫셀에서 모든 물품의 반출입은 후면 차폐문을 통해 이루어지므로 차폐문의 사용빈도가 매우 크며, 따라서 후면 차폐문의 구조적 안전성 유지가 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 핫셀의 후면 차폐문에 대한 구조적 안전성을 유한요소 해석을 통해 평가하였다. 후면 차폐문을 닫을 때 벽면의 차폐문틀과 충돌하면서 발생하는 구조적 변형 에 대한 안전성 평가를 위해 이 상황을 충돌-접촉 문제로 가정하고 동적 해석을 수행하였다. 또한 충돌시 반력에의한 후면 차폐문의 전도 가능성 및 이동중 갑작스럽게 정지할 경우 관성에 의한 전도 가능성에 대해서도 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과를 통해 차폐문과 차폐문틀 모두 충돌에 의한 구조적 변형에 대해 충분히 안전함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 여러 사고 조건에 대해서도 후면 차폐문의 전도가 일어나지 않고 안정성을 유지함을 보였다.

The objective of this study was to determine the response of QTL in each generation during selection to develop inbred lines. The simulation program was written in Fortran. Magnitude of QTL effects, base population size, number of QTL assigned to population, and the allelic frequency for the positive allele at each major QTL were highly associated with number of generations to fixation of QTLs during selection. Populations with larger QTL effects and larger base population size had more individuals with fixed QTL. However, a smaller number of QTL assigned to population had a higher fraction of individuals with fixed QTL at each generation compared with more populations with QTL. This simulation study will help to design biological experiments for detection of QTL-marker association using inbred population and to determine optimum number of lines with fixed QTL during inbred line development. To complement this study, additional simulation should be need with abundant replicates, more various population sizes, magnitude of QTL effects, and recombination between markers and QTLs.