지하 943 m(3 호공)로부터 취수한 경산 광천수의 유·무기성분을 분석한 결과 총 17종류의 성분 중 무기물은 11종류가 검출 되었으며 무기성분 중에서는 나트륨과 칼슘 성분이 많이 함유되어 있는 것이 특징 이었다. 그리고 구리와 납과 같은 중금속과 탄산가스 및 유화수소 검출되지 않았다. 그리고 항산화 활성, 항돌연변이원성 및 인간 암세포 성장억제 실험 결과 항산화 활성에서는 비교적 약한 활성을 나타내었다. MNNG, 4NQO, Trp-P-1 및 B(α)P와 같은 돌연변이원을 이용한 미생물 수준에서의 항돌연변이원성 실험 결과 S. typehimurium TA98에 대해서 간접변이 원인 Trp-P-1은 시료 농도 200μg/plate 첨가 시 54%의 억제활성을 보였으며 B(α)P 및 Trp-P-1에 대해서도 각각 67%와 63%의 높은 억제활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 광천수의 항암활성을 규명하기 위한 암세포 성장억제 효과에서는 시료농도 50 μg/well 첨가 시 A549, Hela, AGS 및 MCF-7에 대해서 각각 66%, 45.6%, 37.7% 및 47.6%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 인간 정상 신세포 293에 대한 온천수 농도에 따른 세포독성 효과는 20% 이하는 낮은 생육 억제율을 보였으며 이것은 광천수가 정상세포에 대해서는 비교적 낮은 독성효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

약용식물내 에스트로겐성과 항-에스트로겐성을 조사하고 항암인자를 발견하기 위하여, 본연구는 에탄올추출로 제조된 9종류의 한국산 약용식물에 대하여 재조합효모와 MCF-7 사람유방암세포주를 이용하여 스크리닝하고 비교하였다. 재조합효모를 이용한 실험결과, 7종류의 약용식물에서 에스트로겐성이 나타났고, 4종류에서 안드로겐성이 나타났다. 또한 MCF-7 사람유방암세포주를 이용한 실험결과, 8종류의 추출물이 MCF-7 세포의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 확인되었으며 비스페놀 A와 동시 처치한 경우에도 유의적으로 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Clyeyrrhiza uralensis, Cassia tora, Syringa velutina, Zingiber officinale, Malva verticillata, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer는 식물성 에스트로겐으로서 에스트로겐에 양성인 사람유방암세포의 증식을 유의적으로 억제시티는 흥미로운 결과가 제시되었다. 따라서 이번 연구는 한국산 약용식물이 식물성 에스트로겐과 항암인자로서 이용될 수 있으며, 에스트로겐의 활성을 조사하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 한우 수정란의 체외생산에 있어서 효율과 품질의 향상을 위해서, 미성숙 난포란을 회수하는 난소의 형태와 배양 용기로서 straw의 효과를 검토하였다. 난소의 형태에 따른 수정율은 전 군에서 70.3∼84.1%로서 비슷한 경향이었다. 8세포기 및 배반포기 발달율은 황체와 난포가 모두 존재하지 않는 대조군이 가장 높았다. 배반포의 inner cell mass(ICM), trophectoderm(TE), total cell number(TCN) 및 ICM/TCN 비율은 낭종군과 퇴행황체군이 다른군에 비하여 높은 경향이었다. 체외성숙에 이용하는 배양용기에 따른 수정율은 0.5 ㎖ straw 군이, 8세포기 발달율은 대조군이 가장 높았으나, 배반포기 발달율은 23.1∼30.7％로서 각 군 간에 비슷한 경향이었다. 한편 각각의 배양 용기에서 유래된 배반포의 ICM, TE, TCN 및 ICM/TCN 비율은 유사한 경향이었다.

본 연구는 한우 수정란의 체외생산에 있어서 효율과 품질의 향상을 위해서, 체외성숙 시간에 따른 배지 내의 ammonia 농도를 측정하였고, 체외성숙용 배지의 교환 및 첨가가 배 발생과 배반포의 세포수에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 체외성숙용 배지내의 ammonia 농도는 체외성숙 시간이 길어짐에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 체외성숙용 배지의 첨가에 따른 수정율, 8세포기 및 배반포기 발달율은 각 군간에 유사한 경향이었다. 배반포의 inner cell mass(ICM) 및 총 세포수(TCN)는 비슷한 경향이었으나, trophectoderm(TE) 세포수는 4.5 시간 첨가군이 유의하게 낮았다. 한편 ICM/TCN 비율은 4.5 시간 첨가군이 대조군과 9 시간 첨가군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 체외성숙용 배지의 교환에 따른 수정율은 4.5시간 및 9시간 교환이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나, 8세포기 발달율은 비슷한 경향이었다. 한편 배반포기 발달율은 9 시간 교환군이 가장 높았다. 배반포의 ICM 세포수와 ICM/TCN 비율은 9 시간 교환군이 다른 두 처리군에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나, TE 및 TCN은 차이가 없었다.

Cell response to genotoxic agents is complex and involves the participation of different classes of genes including cell cycle control, DNA repair and apoptosis. In this report, we presented a approach to characterize the cellular functions associated wit

Amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying organic nutrient to cells. The expression of L-type arnino acid transporter 1 (LATl) and its subunit 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) was evaluated to deterrnine the alterations to these transporters in oral norrnal mucosa (ONM) , oral precancerous lesion (OPL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Sections from formalin-ftxed, paraffm-embedded S따nples of ONM, OPL or OSCC were exarnined using immunohistochernical staining to detect LATl and 4F2hc proteins. 까le LATl and 4F강lC expression increased progressively from ONM to hypeφ，Iastic and to dysplastic lesions and OSCC. In partiαlar， LATl rnay be a more S야dftc indicator of tumor prog~않sion than 4F2hc. 까le gradually increasing LA Tl and 4F2hc expression detected during the multistep progressive change shows that the protein rnay have an important role in the early stages of multistep oral carcinogenesis. In addition, the specific inhibition of LA Tl and 4F2hc rnight be a new rationale to suppress oral cancer progression.

Nitric oxide (NO) has been known to inf1uence cell fate through apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Here, we investigated the role of nitric oxide on the growth and viability of immortalized human salivary gland (HSG) cells 띠 vitro. Treatrnent of HSG with a NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penκi1lamine (SNAP), significantly diminished the growth rate of HSG in a concentration dependent manner. However, this retardation of cell비ar growth rate was not corresponded to the apoptotic cell death of HSG cells, because there were no characteristic apopto디c features such as condensation of nuclear chromatin, nuclear fragmentation, and the apoptotic peak of propidium iodide (PI)-stained nuclei by flow cytome띠. 까ùs implies that HSG cells are resistant to NO-mediated 다π。to:잉city. 1n SNAP treated HSG cells, cell cycle analysis revealed that the number of G2/M phase increased markedly, according to while the percentage of cells in GO/Gl and S phases was not significantly affected. Otherwise, high concentrations of SNAP increased both P1 and annexin V positive cells. 1nterestingly, preincubation of HSG cells with iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), significantly diminished NO cytotoxicity more than when HSG cells are only incubated with SNAP which su잃.ests the role of iron homeostasis in NO-mediated cell death of HSG cells. 1n addi디。n ， treatrnent of HSG cells with SNAP specifically cleaved iron regulatory protein-2 (IRP2) while not affecting 1RP1. Collectively, the mπent results s멍gest that NO has a potential to control HSG cell growth through cell cycle arresting at G2/M phase. 1n addi디on ， intracellular iron homeostasis nùght play an important role in regulating cell survival of HSG cells

The puφose of this study was to evaluate the role of EGF(Epidermal Growth Factor), EGFR(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), aFGF(acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor or FGF-1), bFGF(basic Fibroblast Growth Factor or FGF-2), FGFR(Fibroblast Growth Faαor Receptor), and VEGF(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) in the development of the human ameloblastomas For this study 9 subjects, diagnosed as ameloblastomas referred to the Dept. of Oral Path. College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 2 subjeαs of normal oral mucosa with any inflammatory changes were used as experimental, control groups respectively. All the tissues ; experimental and control group were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffm, serial tissue section were made 하1m in thickness and processed in the standard way for immunohistochemical method, using primary and secondary antibodies, for EGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at }:1oo dilution), EGFR(Antimouse Ig G, mouse kit at 1:100 dilution), aFGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), bFGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), FGFR(Antimouse Ig G, mouse kit at 1:100 dilution) , and VEGF(Antirabbit Ig G, rabbit kit at 1:100 dilution), all BioGenex U.S. A. made, followed by the Streptavidin - Horse Radish Peroxidase(InnoGenex, Human-avidin kit) appli때on ， counter stained with Mayer’s hematoxylin stain method. And examined under the biologic microscope, graded -(no epithelial stain), +(weak or focal epithelial stain), ++(moderate or focal intensive epithelial stain), +++(intense generalized epithelial staining) for the epithelial, and connective 따sue component in ameloblastomas and in normal mucosal epithelium on each. Attained results as follows ; 1. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF showed more intense stainability on experimental group compare t，。 that on the control group. 2. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF showed more intense stainability in epithelial component and more intensely stained on the peripheral ce11s of the ameloblastomas. 3. EGF, EGFR, aFGF, bFGF, FGFR, and VEGF showed positive stainability on the stromal tissues but its level is lower compare to that on the epithelial components. Those results suggested that those growth factors take a role in development and progression on the amelob비las와tomas

본 연구에서는 소 체외수정란 생산에 있어서 체외성숙용 배지에 첨가하는 혈청과 호르몬의 효과를 검토하기 위하여 제1극체 출현율과 배발달율을 조사하였고, 생산된 배반포의 품질을 평가하기 위하여 세포수를 검토하였다. 1. 체외성숙용 배지에 혈청 및 성선자극호르몬의 첨가에 따른 한우 난포란의 제1극체 출현율은 비슷한 경향이었다. 배반포까지의 발달율은 혈청 및 성선자극호르몬 공동 첨가군(26.0％)이 대조군과 성선자극호르몬 단독 첨가군보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0

본 연구는 콘택트렌즈 착용자를 대상으로 압입 세포진단법 (Impression cytology) 을 이용하여 결막 표면을 평가하고자 시행하였다. 콘택트렌즈 착용자 38 명， 콘택트렌즈 착용을 한 번도 착용하지 않은 건강한 눈을 가진 대조군 35 명을 대상으로 Impres - sion cytology를 시행하여 대상자들의 결막 상피의 형태릎 조사하였다. Impression cytology는 겸체가 PAS system으로 염색이 된 후에 배상 세포의 밀도， 상피 세포의 크기와 형태， 상피 세포의 핵 : 세포질 (N: C) 비율 등의 변화룹 기초로 한 Nelson 의 등급에 따라 겸 체를 4단계로 분류하였다. 콘택트렌즈 착용자를 렌즈 착용 기 간에 따라 다시 3그룹으로 분류하여 Impression cytology를 시행하여 Nelson 의 Grade scale 에 따라 평가한 결파 0-12 개월 착용자에 서 정상에 해당하는 Grade 0은 53.85%, 13 - 487R 월 착용자에서는 20% 이며， 48개월 이상 착용자에서는 없었으며 Grade 1 이상이 100% 로 나타났다 콘택트렌즈 착용 기 간이 길수록 Snake-like chromatin changes 와 같은 세포학적 변화가 많음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 콘택트렌즈 착용자의 안구표면에 대한 세포조직학적 조사는 Impression cytology를 이용하여 평가하는 것이 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 특히 Impression cytology는 비침습적이며 안전하고 간단한 생겸 방볍으로 사용될 수 있 고， 건성안과 콘택트렌즈 착용자에서 다양한 안구 표변 변화를 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

Squamous cell carcinoma comprises about 95% of oral cancers. 까le gene디C 없mage in carcinogen-exposed fields is accumulated to transforrn norrnal mucosa in dysplas디c tissue and fmally invasive carcinoma through multistep process. This carcinogenic process has been a cause of the development of secondary tumors after the removal of primary carcmoma. πle improvement of therapeutic modalities of oral cancer has driven into the increase of multiple cancer occurrence in head and neck region. We experienced 3 pa디ents who had mul디ple squamous cell carcinomas in oral cavlty. π1ÎS study aimed to report multiple pr따laπ squamous cell carcinoma by clinical and pathologic examination and to discuss their molecular mechanism

Transglutaminase 2(TGase 2) expression is modulatecl by π>JF- a in various carcinoma. The role of TGase 2 ancl TNF- a expression in salivaIY gland tumors is not clear yet. Establishecl SGT cellline has been used to study the pathogenesis of salivaIY gland adenocaI‘cinoma on a cellular level in vitro. 까le pupose of this study were to examine n버NA expression of TGase 2 and TNF- ain SGT cellline comparecl to other tumor celllines, ancl to apply these results to the paùlogenesis of salivary gland tumor. After SGT, SCC-15, HN 4, and HeLa tumor celllines were culturecl under preconfluency, ancl 3 clays after postconfluency, the cells were harvested for total RNA extraction and cDNA preparation. RT-PCR for semiquantitative mRNA analysis was done. 까le obtained results were as follows. 1. TGase 2 and π>JF- amRNA expression was not induced by confluency in all the celllines 2. TGase 2 and π'JF- amRNA expression was variable but markeclly enhanced 비 SGTcellline 3. TGase 2 n버NA expression appeared to be associated with that of π>JF- ain SGT cellline From the aboving res ults, mRNA expression of TGase 2 and TNF a should play an important role in the pathogenesis of SGT cellline originated ti'om ductal cell.

To cletermine the role of mismatch repair in the clevelopment of oral squamolls cell carcinomas (OSCCs) , the prevalence of microsatellite instability (MSI), expression of I뼈LH1 ancll띠SH2 ， ancl hypennethylation of I뻐LH1 ancl hMSH2 were explorecl. Bya panel of five markers (BAT25, BAT26 , 02S123, 05S346, ancl 017~‘250 ， the so-callecl Bethescla markers) for screening of MSI, MSI was observecl in 5 of the 15 sqllamolls cell carcinomas (33.3%). As MSI is callsecl by the clysfllnction of MMR genes, this stucly examinecl the methylation status of CpG sites in the hMLH 1 ancl hMSH2 promoters ancl the expression hMLH1 ancl hMSH2. Becallse of inappr이)riate efficiency of fonnalin-frxecl ancl paraffin-embeclclecl samples for methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) of hMLH1 ancl hMSH2, the role of promoter hypelmethylation 띠 the clevelopment of MSI ancl expression of hMLH1 ancl hMSH2. meùlylation was failecl to clefìne. However, loss of nllclear staining of 1ψIILH 1 ancl hMSH2 were seen in nine (69.2%) ancl four (30.7%) of 13 OSCCs, while four ancl fìve all corresponcling normal epiùlelial tisslles showecl positive nllclear stι ining ofl마ILH1 and hMSH2. These data suggest that MSI anclloss of expression of hMLH1 ancl hMSH2 play a role in the carcinc핑enesis of oral sqllamolls cell carcinomas thollgh the role of promoter hypermethylation of hMLH1 ancl hMSH2 in MSI and their expresslon IS lIncertam

Alterations in cell surface receptors and adhesion molecules which regulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions have been 뻐plicated in tumor processes. In order to investigate the effect of integrin expression on the invasiveness of oral sqllamous cell carcinoma, integ띠1 expression in the celllines such as SCC-4, SCC-9, SCC-15, and SCC-25 was analyzed, and the comparison between cell adhesion assay towards extracellular matrix proteins and in vitro invasion assay following inhibition of the functional domain of the integrins using blocking antibodies against the specific integrins 낀 nd Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide were carried out. The expression of integrin a 2, a 3, a 6 was detected in all oral squamous cell carcinoma celllines. In contrast, the expression of a vß6 integrin is detected in SCC-4 and SCC-9, not in SCC-1 5 and SCC-25. 까1e adhesion of SCC-4 cell line to collagen 1, laminin, and fibronectin was significantly reducecl by σeatment with a 3-, a 6-, and a vß6-blocking antibody, respectively (p (0.05). 꺼.1e invasion of SCC-4 cell line throllgh Matrigel was significantly reduced by treatment with v 6-blocking antibody and RGD pepticle (p(0.05). These results sllggested that specifìc integrins play an in1portant role in the process of adhesion and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and the expression of a vß6 integrin is believed to the enhance its invasivene잃.

Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix, which is re lated to infiltrative growth and metastasis of tumor and are regulated by tisslle inhibitor of metalloproteinases(TIMPs) or cell adhesion molecllles such as E-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions and clinico-pathologic factors, 끼MP-1 ， TIMP-2, EGFR and E-cadherin expressions. lmmunohistochemical stains were perfom1ed on 55 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the ordl cavity and the results were as follows. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were noted in 30(54.5%) and 22(40.0%) of 55 cases, TIMP-1 and πMP-2 in 21(38.2%) and 33(60.0%), and E-cadherin and EGFR expressions in 35(63.6%) and 26(47.3%) of 55 cases, respectively. MMP-2 expression rdte was slightly higher 띠 cases without recurrence, and 끼MP- 2 expression rate was slightly higher in cases showing more inftltrative growth pattem. 까1e expression rate of EGFR was higher in cases with well differentiation(p=0.OO47), but no posi디ve relationship between the expression rate of Ecadherin and histologic grade was found. Cases with positive reaction for MMP-9 showed an increasing tendency of nega디ve reaction for TIMP-1. π1e expression rate of MMP-2 was higher in cases with positive reaction for E-cadherin and EGFR with no statistical significance. 까1e expression rate of MMP-9 was significantly higher in cases with positive reaction for E-cadherin(p=0.022l). These results suggest that MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions are involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas, but MMP-2, MMP-9, 끼MP-1 ， and 끼MP-2 expressions might not seem to be a useful prognostic factors because there were no significant relationship between clinicopathologic parameters. EGFR expression showed positive correlation with low histologic grade, so EGFR expression could be regarded as a good prognostic factor. In the progression of sqllamous cell