Immature stages of Mantura rustica (Linnaeus) are described in detail for the first time in Korea. A key to identifying larvae of Korean Mantura is provided, with their illustrations and larval tubercle pattern.
네발나비과 세줄나비속 나비는 열대 및 아열대지방에 153여종이 분포하며, 한 국에는 11종이 기록되었다. 나비류의 분류학적 연구는 성충의 날개무늬 패턴을 위 주로 형태연구가 주를 이루어왔다. 세줄나비(Neptis)속 역시 날개무늬패턴의 형태 적 유사성이 높다. 국내의 세줄나비의 종들 가운데는 종간 형질의 분리가 다소 모 호하거나, 중복되는 경우가 있어 왔다. 따라서 이번 분자분류학적 연구를 통해서 세줄나비속 국내종에 대한 기존 종 인식이 정확한 것인지를 재검토해 보고자 하였 다. 이번 연구에서는 기존의 형태분류를 통해 확증된 11종 33개체에 대한 DNA 바 코드를 분석하였으며, NCBI의 Blast search를 통해 확보된 국외산 3종 22개체를 실험에 추가 하였다. 그 결과, COI유전자 서열 차이는 0~16.2%를 나타내었고, 종 내 서열 변이율은 0.0~1.14%였으며, 종간 서열차이는 3.3~16.2%였다. 이로 볼 때, 1.14~3.3%의 Barcoding gap이 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, Divergence threshold approach를 통해 한국산 세줄나비속의 종들은 확실히 구분 되었으며, Clade based approach에서도 각 종들의 개체들은 Barcoding gap을 반 영하면서 종별로 묶이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 기존의 형태 분류와 100% 일치하였으며, 결국 한국산 세줄나비속에 대한 종 동정에 있어 DNA 바코드 의 활용적 가치가 높은 것으로 나타났다
In this study, cysteine compounds found ingenus Allium plants, including N-acetyl cysteine(NAC), S-allyl cysteine(SAC), S-ethyl cysteine(SEC), and S-methyl cysteine(SMC), were examined for effects on blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and plasma lipid concentrations in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In the mice, the ingestion of these cysteine compounds did not affect blood glucose levels significantly. However, their ingestion did improve the diabetic symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and weight loss. glucose tolerance was also found to be improved in the STZ diabetic animals by feeding the cysteine compounds. Treatment of the compounds also caused a slight decrease in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol along with increases in HDL-cholesterol and slight decreases in LDL-cholesterol, resulting in a significant decrease in the atherogenic index of plasma in the diabetic animals. They also showed reductions of liver triglyceride content to relieve diabetic fatty liver syndrome. In summary, the cysteine compounds such as NAC, SAC, SEC, and SMC, found ingenus Allium plants, had certain beneficial effects on blood glucose metabolism along with preventing abnormalities in lipid metabolism, a complication of diabetes, by improving the atherogenic index of plasma and fatty liver in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
이 논문은 2008년 11월 5일 미국의 제9 연방순회항소법원에서 내려진 E.S.S. Entertainment 2000 Inc. v. Rock Star Videos, Inc. 사건에 대한 판결의 의미와 한국 게임법제도 및 게임 제작상의 시사점을 살펴본 것이다. 이 사건에서 제9 연방순회항소법원은 비디오게임의 배경이 되는 도시나 사용되는 아이템을 실제와 동일하거나 유사하게 구현하는 경우 상표권을 침해한 것이 아니라는 판결을 내렸다. 본 연구에서는 상기의 판결에서 채택된 법리를 바탕으로 게임 시나리 오를 제작할 때, 상표권의 침해 문제에 현명하게 대처할 수 있도록 게임 제작시에 고려해야 하는 요소들에 대하여 검 토하였다. 그리고 상기 판례에서 다룬 쟁점사항을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 하여 게임 제작시 발생할 수 있는 상표권 분쟁에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 바람직한 방안에 대하여 연구하였다.
조사지점인 구포에서 발생한 규조류인 Stephanodiscus 속에 의한 수화현상은 본 연구 시점인 1월부터 관찰되었으며 4월 18일을 기점으로 감소하기 시작한 것으로 나타났다. 박테리아 군집은 규조류 대증식 현상이 소멸한 이후 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 이것은 규조류 수화현상이 종결되면서 조류에 의한 분비물 및 세포 분해 산물(cell lysis)이 수중에 많이 공급되어 박테리아 증식이 용이해졌기 때문으로 여겨진다. 박테리아의 주요 포식자로 알려진
컴퓨터 기술의 비약적 발전으로 현실세계의 모습을 점점 더 충실하게 구현하고 있는 컴퓨터 게임은 우리로 하여금 게임의 궁극적인 미래모습은 어떤 것이 될 것인가에 대해 생각하게 한다. 지수함수적으로 증가하고 있는 컴퓨터 기술 의 발전 속도를 고려할 때 컴퓨터 게임과 현실세계와의 차별성은 머지않아 사라질 지도 모른다. 본 논문은 컴퓨터 게 임환경의 관점에서 영화 매트릭스에서 제시된 수준의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 또는 가상현실의 문제를 다룬다. 논의를 전 개함에 있어 먼저 미래의 일어날 컴퓨터 게임의 진화과정을 전망하고, 이와 관련하여 Bostrom의 “시뮬레이션 논쟁”에 대한 비판적 논점을 제시한다. 시뮬레이션 논쟁에서 가정하는 자질독립(substrate-independence) 가설의 문제점을 지적하 며, Bostrom의 조상-시뮬레이션과 관련된 세 명제에 대해 대안 명제를 제안하고 그 함의를 고찰한다.
In this study, we attempted to elucidate the cultural characteristics of Korean food based on a traditional understanding on the Korean novel. To achieve this, food characteristics related to 'rites of passage' were analyzed in the representative Korean literary work "Hon-bool", which describes the life of a first-son's wife every three generations in the going to ruin but historic 'Lee's family of Maean district' family and the life of the common 'Geomeong-gul' people who lived with farming on the Lee's land at Namwon of Junbook province in the 1930~1940s, during the Japanese Colonial rule. Every nation possesses rites of passage at important points in life, such as at birth, age of majority, wedding and death. Korean culture, in particular, has several memorial rites relating to birth, death and passage into the afterlife in which special foods are prepared. In this manner, ceremonial foods represent the Korean peoples' traditional vision of the universe and life. The book "Hon-bool" describes these traditions. Especially, the book describes the table-settings related to the main character's childbirth, first birthday, wedding and death. Therefore "Hon-bool" represents a living history of Korean traditional food and the work of storytelling through the traditional understanding is expected that perform an important role in making of cultural contents of Korean foods.
A total of sixteen Xylotrechus species from the Korean peninsula are recognized, including a newly recorded species, Xylotrechus pavlovskii Plavilstshikov, 1954. We present brief descriptions of the Korean Xylotrechus species, except four species which could not be examined in this study. The geographic distribution, host plants, illustrations for each species, and a key to the Korean Xylotrechus species are provided.
Recently, the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube is widely used for the local cooler of industrial equipment for special purpose. Although many studies on energy extraction in the vortex tube using air as the working fluid have been made so far, a few experimental studies treated solid particles extraction for incompressible fluid. So, an experimental study for the solid particles extraction in the vortex tube(Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube) using the water which is essentially an incompressible fluid is presented. The experiments were carried out with various cold end orifice diameter ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.70, the input pressure ranging from 1 to 3MPa was considered. The emphasis was given to examine the effect of geometry factors of vortex tube at working fluid(water) for solid particles(Al2O3) extraction. The optimum geometry factor and inlet pressure for the maximum solid particles extraction was found that the smaller cold end orifice diameter ratio and the higher inlet pressure in experimental condition increase.
In this research, I compared and analyzed the ‘factors of style’ that expresses and visualizes the ‘characteristics of characters’ and the characters from three movies each that was filmed with Kang Ho Song and Keong Ku Seol who acted in many movies both. As the result, for the factors for actors’ makeup design, since they have limited choices of textures, colors, and the range of changes, changing the tone of skin to light to dark implied the images of characteristics. Somewhat dark skin tone that was like tanned skin expressed the life style of the character who works for an active profession not for an intellectual position. For the factors of hair style, medium sized wavy hair that goes straight down forehead expressed the character’s familiar and informal personality while short cut sized all back style hair expressed confidence, sociality, and logical personality of the character. The actors’ costume was important to express the characteristics of characters such as changes of their mind, especially the costumes delivered symbolic meanings of the role of their social class, profession, and their financial state. In addition, there were common factors to create and design a character in terms of the changes of the actors’ body shape; when the actor acted the character who has conflicts inside and sarcastic personality, they lost weight on purpose while they gained weight and made a barrel shaped body to act the character who is positive in every occasion and does not realize the real world or who is greed.
From April 2008 to January 2009, a total 458 raw milk samples were randomly collected from 15 stock raising farms located in northern area of Kyunggi province and cultured for the presence of Enterococci spp. A total 170 enterococcal isolates were recovered from the raw milk samples. Enterococcus faecalis was predominant species recovered (64.7%), followed by E. faecium (18.8%), E. avium (5.9%), E. gallinarum (5.9%) and E. durans (4.7%). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of 170 Enterococci spp. against ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin were tested. According to the result, they showed high level resistance to erythromycin and streptomycin (82,9% and 93,5% respectively), moderately resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracyclin (50%, 45.9% and 32%, respectively) but fortunately, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin are still effective against this species.
This study was conducted to identify plant-parasitic nematodes and determine the distribution pattern of the nematode species in citrus fruit orchards in Korea from April to August, 2008. Plant-parasitic nematodes were found in 139 among 178 soil samples. Tylenchulus semipenetrans was collected from 85 out of 94 Citrus unshiu orchards examined (90.4%). C. junos orchards infested with T. semipenetrans were 60 out of 84 (71.4%). However, proportion of dominant species between the two was different. At domestic Citrus orchards, it proved that T. semipenetrans was the most important plant-parasitic nematode from this study. The overall frequency of the plant-parasitic nematodes was positively correlated with the cultivation years. More alkaline soils tended to harbor more T. semipenetrans. However the correlation coefficient between the two was very low.