Al-Zn alloy/MnO2, seawater cell was considered as a primary aqueous cell with an average voltage range from 1.0 to 1.1V, and the electrolyte of seawater was uptaken into the cell. Eventually, the capacity of its usage will be used for long-term. However, the more use of this cell, the higher corrosion phenomenon of the electrode occurred. Due to its corrosion phenomenon, one main default has been observed with gradual decrease during a discharge process. In this research, a common-used active material for anode was LiNiO2. An active material for cathode, ZnXFeS2 was synthesized in high temperature by uptaken a small amount of 1.3 wt% of ZnS into FeS2, one of the transition-metal dichalcogenides in high temperature. Consequently, based on their usages shown above, this secondary aqueous lithium cell could be more developed. This cell was shown as remarkable charge/discharge performance during the charge/discharge processes. This cathode with active material was given a considerable efficiency of inserting Li+ ions. Moreever, in accordance with the characteristic of the crystal structure for ZnxFeS2, a small amount of ZnS was added which made it possible to reduce prominently velocity of corrosion during the charge/discharge cycle. By applying those merits, Al-Zn alloy/MnO2 seawater cell will be used as a fundamental data in order to transform into a secondary aqueous cell.

This study is focused on a space for man in upper classes house that is one of appeared characteristics as Korea, China and Japan imported Confucianism become common cultural base in these countries. Because a space for man in these countries has the same nature represented as a typical space in a upper classes house, and this space is differentiated by regional features, a way of thinking, a way of life and social structure as well, these characteristics are compared one another. Import of Confucianism influenced formation of a upper classes house and the spaces of the house are divided by generation, sexuality and classes. A space for man become a center of the house as well as a space for reception in accordance with patriarchism because this space stands for hierarchy of the house. A space for man of each country, Korea, China and Japan, has differences; that is, Chinese Jeongbang is used as a space for family as well as for guests; Korean Sarangchae is for only men and used as a reception space; Japanese Zasiki is used just for reception. These differences among countries are caused by owner's class, a civil officer or a military officer, and this class differentiated the characteristics of reception for guest. Even though the these countries take the space for man for meeting, Chinese is for family, Korean is for ancestors and Japanese is for guests.

어떤 사회에 있어서나 범죄인은 가장 어둡고 함께할 수 없는 타자(他者)로서 평가된다. 특히 감옥에 수감되어 격리된 수용자에 대하여 ‘밖’의 사람들이 가지는 혐오와 경멸, 그리고 범죄인으로서 받아들이는 ‘낙인과 배제’에 대한 주목은 수용자를 범죄의 유혹과 구렁텅이에서 영원히 헤어나지 못하게 하기도 한다. 따라서 행형의 본질적 목적은 무엇인가에 대해 우리는 다시한번 반문하게 한다. 즉 처벌과 사회로부터의 격리인가 아니면 사회복귀를 위한 교육인가 하는 사항이다. 만약 수용자를 교화의 가능성이 전혀 불가능한 인간 쓰레기로만 취급한다면 우리사회의 화합과 일치는 영원히 이루어 질 수 없을 것이다. 이런 견지에서 군내 수용자에 대한 교정교화 업무도 민간 수용시설의 수용자 못지 않게 중요하다 할 수 있겠다. 더구나 우리군의 경우 군인 개개인은 바로 전투력으로서 전투력의 유지 관리라는 차원에서 볼 때도 어느 한 사람의 군인이라도 소중하지 않을 수 없기 때문에 군 수용자에 대한 효율적인 교정교화 활동 전개로 수용자들이 석방되면 건전한 차원으로 재복무 및 재사회화하도록 도움을 주어야 할 필요가 절실하다고 하겠다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 군내 수용자에 대한 교정교화의 실태와 문제점을 살펴보고 그에 따른 바람직한 개선대책을 제시함으로써, 군의 전력화에 기여하고자 한다.

저밀도 리포단백질 수용체 관련 단백질 5(LRP5)는 간과 췌장을 포함하여 많은 조직에서 발현하며 아포리포단백질 E와 결합한다. 이와 같은 LRP5 유전자의 체내 기능을 규명하기 위하여 LRP5 유전자가 결손된 생쥐를 개발하였다. 먼지 LRP5 genomic DNA는 TT2 ES 세포로부터 분리하였으며 LRP5 유전자의 엑손 18에 neo 유전자를 삽입한 vector를 구축하고 TT2 ES 세포에 도입하였다. 178개의 G418 내성을 보인 세포 중 상동유전자 재조합에 의하여 targeting vector가 LRP5 유전자 위치에 삽입된 clone은 3개였다. 키메라 생쥐는 상실배기 수정을 ES 세포와 응집시켜 생산하였으며 생산된 키메라 생쥐는 C57BL/6 생쥐와 교미를 유도하여 heterozygous를 얻었다. 또한 이들 heterozygous간의 교배에 의하여 LRP5 유전자 결손 생쥐를 생산하였다. 이러한 생쥐는 LRP5 유전자의 체내 기능연구에 있어서 모델로 이용될 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual information and different elevations of medially wedged insoles on the proprioceptive sense of the knee joint. The subjects of this study were 16 able-bodied men who were not athletic. An electrogoniometer was used to determine the error value between calculated 50% of full flexion (target position) and performed 50% of full flexion in a standing position with the upper extremities crossed. Tests were randomly performed in conditions. Visual variations included open eyes vs. closed eyes, while the elevation was adjusted through the use (or lack thereof) of medially wedged insoles of 10 mm, 14 mm, and 18 mm. The average error value in each condition was statistically analyzed. The findings of this study revealed as follows: 1) The average error value was significantly higher with the subjects' eyes open than with their eyes closed (p<.05). 2) The averaged error value was also significantly higher when the subjects were elevated 18 mm than with no elevation at all (p<.05). The findings of this study should be considered in lower extremity rehabilitation programs when medially wedged insoles used.

This paper attempts to analyze and prove Yeats' gradual acceptance of the middle class and the people's democracy of South Ireland, just liberated from England. He always struggled against the Irish Catholic bourgeoisie and their practical and political nationalism during his lifetime for realizing his ideal vision of Ireland embodying the “Unity of Being”; he dreamed to establish a culturally aristocratic nation keeping order not by forced law and power but by imagination and desire of self-transcendence, while South Ireland pursued practical interests and became a theocracy. After burning his “rage and lust” against the mass culture of post-colonial Catholic Ireland, Yeats began to admit Catholic Ireland as it was with the perspective of the poetic transcendence, “tragic joy.” His recognition of the Catholic middle class at the end of his life is considered for attaining the sense of unity with Irish people, which was essential to his vision of nation. This paper traces his changing attitudes toward the middle class, especially focusing on such poems as “The Municipal Gallery Revisited,” “The Statues,” “Circus Animal's Desertion,” and “Cuchulain Comforted.”

The preparation of CaSO4 nanoparticle by vesicles formed spontaneously in cationic OTAC and anionic ADS mixed surfactant solution whose ratio is 0.3/0.7 is investigated. Added electrolytes for preparing nanoparticles reduce vesicle size about 200-300 nm comparing with that of pure vesicle whose size is 700-800 nm by DLS. The core of vesicles has 200 nm size and acts as nanoreactors which same size of monodisperse CaSO4 nanopaticles are formed. Although CaSO4 particles are formed at the outer of vesicles, they are very large and amorphous. The formed particles are identified with XRD analysis after separation due to coinciding with CaSO4 particles.

최근 군내 수용자문제는 군사법제도 개혁논의와 함께 군내 수용자의 인권보호측면에서 국가인권위원회의 군영창내에서의 장병 인권상황 실태파악 등, 군내 수용자에 대한 제도적 개선방안마련이 검토되고있는 실정이다. 그러나 그동안 군내수용자의 인권보장을 위한 군의 지속적인 노력에도 불구하고 군대라는 폐쇄성으로 인해 군내 수용자의 인권보장에 대한 평가는 아직도 신뢰받지 못하고 있다할 수 있다. 특히, 군영창에는 대부분 미결수들이 수용되어있어 이로 인해 인권침해 문제가 야기될 수 있는 것이다. 현행법상 미결수용자는 아직 판결이 확정된 자가 아니기 때문에 무죄추정의 원칙이 적용되고, 변호사의 조력을 받을 권리를 보장받을 수 있는 법적지위를 가지고 있음에도 불구하고, 미결구금자체를 징벌의 일부로 인식하는 경향이 있으며, 영창구금자들의 대부분을 차지하는 징계범과 똑같이 취급당하고 있는 형편이다. 따라서 군내 미결수용자에 대한 법적지위를 검토하고 처우개선 등 정책적 방안 모색은 매우 중요한 사항이라 할 수 있다. 이런점에서 지금까지 민간 구금시설에 비해 폐쇄적이고 인권이 무시되었다는 불신을 벗고 군내 미결수용자의 인권보장과 교정교육 활성방안 모색이 절실히 요구되고 있는 것이다.

This study is aimed at investigating the influence of different quantitative knowledge of results on the measurement error during lumbar proprioceptive sensation training. Twenty-eight healthy adult men participated and subjects were randomly assigned into four different feedback groups(100% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 50% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 100% relative frequency with a length feedback, 50% relative frequency with a length feedback). An electrogoniometer was used to determine performance error in an angle, and the Schober test with measurement tape was used to determine performance error in a length. Each subject was asked to maintain an upright position with both eyes closed and both upper limbs stabilized on their pelvis. Lumbar vertebrae flexion was maintained at for three seconds. Different verbal knowledge of results was provided in four groups. After lumbar flexion was performed, knowledge of results was offered immediately. The resting period between the sessions per block was five seconds. Training consisted of 6 blocks, 10 sessions per one block, with a resting period of one minute. A resting period of five minutes was provided between 3 blocks and 4 blocks. A retention test was performed between 10 minutes and 24 hours later following the training block without providing knowledge of results. To determine the training effects, a two-way analysis of variance and a one-way analysis of variance were used with SPSS Ver. 10.0. A level of significance was set at .05. A significant block effect was shown for the acquisition phase (p<.05), and a significant feedback effect was shown in the immediate retention phase (p>.05). There was a significant feedback effect in the delayed retention phase (p<.05), and a significant block effect in the first acquisition phase and the last retention phase (p<.05). In conclusion, it is determined that a 50% relative frequency with a length feedback is the most efficient feedback among different feedback types.

사육수의 담수화시 수용밀도에 대한 생리학적 반응을 비교하고자, 30마리와 60마리씩 실험수조에 수용하여 30분이내에 사육수를 담수로 교환하였다. 혈장의 Cortisol 농도는 실험개시시 30SW에서 2.8 ng mL-1,60SW는 2.7 ng mL-1로부터 30FW와 60FW는 24시간째 각각 66.9 ng mL-1, 314.1 ng mL-1로 유의하게 높아졌다. 혈장의 Glucose농도는 60SW는 개

This study examines the effects of corpus-based collaborative learning on the intake of grammar rules among high school students. This study is grounded on three theoretical backgrounds: Grammar teaching based on a large amount of input enhances intake; peer interaction promotes learners’ participation and has positive effects on their academic achievement; and discovery instruction stimulates learners’ motivation and helps them notice rules, leading to the conversion of input into intake. The subjects were divided into two groups, each group consisting of 60 students. The subjects studied six grammar rules over a period of six weeks. Group 1 did small group activities with the materials extracted from the COBUILD corpus, while Group 2 was given the teacher’s explanation of each rule with some examples designed to show how the target rule works. After each grammar lesson, both groups took a post-test. The results indicate that (a) corpus-based grammar learning helps engage learners in the learning process and raise their grammar awareness, (b) corpus-based learning facilitates noticing and identifying the target form better than its meaning and (c) peer interactions in a small group have positive effects on the intake of grammar rules.

세로토닌 수용체는 세로토닌과 반응하여 세포막의 G단백질을 통해 중개단백질 (adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, cGMP phosphodiesterase, ion channel)을 활성화시켜, 이뇨, 기억, 발생 등의 다양한 생리적 반응에 관여한다. 곤충세포인 Schneider2 (S2)와 척추동물 세포인 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-Kl에서 Aedes 5-HT 수용체 유전자 발현을 비교하기 위해, Aedes 5-HT 수용체 유전자를 형질이입시켰다. 선발된 세포주들(Tr-S2, Tr-CHO)에서 세로토닌 수용체 유전자의 발현은 reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, immunocytochemistry를 이용하여 확인하였다. 세로토닌 농도증가에 대한 Aedes 5-HT수용체의 기능을 세포 내 cAMP수준을 통해 조사한 결과,Tr-CHO 세포주는 Tr-S2 세포주보다 9배 이상 cAMP수준이 높게 나타났으며, 농도에 의존적이었다. 이 결과는 수용체 유전자가 세포에서 발현되었으나, 세포의 종류와 세포막에 존재하는 G단백질 차이에 따라 중개단백질 활성 차이가 있다는 것을 보여주었다. CHO-Kl 세포에서 Aedes 5-HT 수용체의 기능이 S2 세포보다 더 효율적이며, Aedes 5-HT 수용체를 발현하는 Tr-CHO 세포주는 동력제 또는 대립제 검정에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 것으로 기대된다.