주의산만， 과잉행동 및 충동성을 특정으로 하는 주의력결핍 · 과잉행동과 독서능력 및 시지각능력의 상관성을 알아보고， 초 · 중 · 고교생 각각에 대한 주의력결핍 · 과잉 행동과 시지각능력 요소들의 변화를 알아보기 위하여， 대전지역 초 · 중 · 고교생 1 ， 177명을 대상으로 주의력결핍 ” 과잉행동과 시지각능력에 관하여 설문조사를 실시 한 후 SPSS 프로그램으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다 주의력결핍 · 과잉행동은 시지각영역 I( 독서능력 빚 독서시 불편한 증상)과 유의한 상관성을 보였고(초등학생 r = 0.347 p < 0.0001, 중학생 r = 0.458 p < 0.0001, 고등학생 r = 0.495 p < 0.0001), 시지각영역 II( 광과민성， 주변인식능력， 입체감)와도 유의한 상관 성 을 보였다(초등학생 r = 0.380 p < 0.0001, 중학생 r = 0.571 p < 0.0001, 고등학생 r= 0.514 p < 0.0001). 시지각영역 I( 독서능력 및 독서시 불편한 증상)은 능력， 입체감)와 유의한 상관성을 보였다(초등학생 0.752 p < 0.0001, 고등학생 r = 0.735 p < 0.0001). 주의력결핍과 과잉행동이 모두 정상인 군과 의심군 사이에서 초등학생은 독서능력 및 독서시 불편한 증상， 중학생은 광과민성， 고등학생은 독서능력 및 독서시 불편한 증상， 광과민성， 주변인식능력 및 입체감이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 독서능력의 정상군과 의심군 사이에서 주의력영역이 초 o 중 · 고등학생 모두 한 차이가 있었고， 독서시 불편을 느끼는 군과 정상군 사이에서도 주의력영역이 중 · 고등학생 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 주의력결핍 · 과영행동과 독서능력 및 시지각능력 사이에 상관 성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며， 이를 바탕으로 시지각능력의 개선 및 임상치료가 주의 력결핍 · 과잉행동을 개선시키고， 나아가 독서능력 및 학습능력을 향상시킬 수 있는지 에 대한 후속연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

여름철 팽이버섯 병재배시 톱밥배지에서 발생하는 균사생장 억제증상의 원인을 구명하고 그 경감대책을 확립하기 위하 여 톱밥배지 배합시 물온도를 24℃(상온수)와 6℃(저온수)로 하고, 배지제조후 살균전 경과시간을 0, 3, 6, 9시간으로 달 리하여 팽이버섯의 재배시험을 수행하였다. 배지제조 후 살균전 시간이 경과함에 따라 배지온도가 24℃에서 31℃까지 상 승하고, pH는 6.5에서 5.2까지 낮아지는 경향이었다. 이때 톱밥배지 내에서 세균밀도가 증가하였으며, 물온도 24℃에서는 6℃보다 6시간 이후의 세균밀도가 1.9∼4.1배 높았다. 톱밥배지에서 분리한 세균과 대치배양시 팽이버섯균의 생장이 억 제되었다. 또한 배지제조후 살균전 시간이 경과함에 따라 배지내의 전질소 함량이 감소하였으며 유리당의 함량도 종류에 따라서 증가 또는 감소하였다. 배지배합 시 24℃ 물 처리구는 6℃ 물에 비하여 팽이버섯 병재배사에서 균배양기간 및 버섯 발생기간이 각각 1∼2일 지연되는 경향이었으며, 자실체 수량도 저온수 처리구에서 안정적이었다. 그리고 9시간 경과한 배지에서는 균사생장이 정지되었다. 배지제조 후 경과시간에 따라 팽이버섯 발생기간은 1∼3일이 지연이 되었으며, 자실 체수량은 6시간이 경과된 배지에서 7∼12% 감소하는 경향이었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 여름철 고온기의 팽이버섯 병재 배시 배지제조에 6℃ 이하의 저온수를 사용하여 배지내 미생물의 증식을 억제시키고, 입병작업을 마치는 즉시 고압살균을 하여 배지 성분을 안정화시키는 것이 버섯의 안정생산에 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.

Generally speaking, W. B. Yeats's early poetry has been thought as romantic and dreamy and criticized as a negative poetic example. But students would rather like to read these poems than his later philosophical poems. Maybe these early poems are more attractive to them because the dim yearning, homesickness and mysticism evoke their young emotion. But I think there is a more important element to attract reader's interest, that is the physical sense. The sense - sensory feeling gives a kind of elasticity of energy to Yeats's early poems. Without this sense, these poems would have degraded as those of dim exclamation about lost love or escape from the world. To study Yeats's sense we need to research some other poets who could affect young Yeats, and compare them: Keats and Hopkins. There are many good examples of sensory feeling in their poems. Thus I see a kind of affective relationship between them and realize this sensory feeling is a very important element of English poetry which we hardly find in Korean poems.

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyography (EMG) activities of the lumbar extensor muscles during motion of trunk flexion-extension and compare range of motion (ROM) with a 3-dimensional motion analysis system of the lumbar region between subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and healthy subjects during the trunk flexion-extension, trunk rotation and trunk lateral flexion cycle. Thirty CLBP subjects and thirty healthy subjects were included. We measured the root mean square (RMS) value of the lumbar extensor muscles from resting, standing, lumbar flexion and return position. The RMS ratio was normalized from maximal EMG activity of the lumbar extensor muscles during trunk motion. The results of this study showed that the RMS ratio of the lumbar extensor was significantly higher in CLBP subjects than healthy subjects during all of trunk motion (p<.05). The ratio of the highest RMS value during flexion and extension was higher in CLBP subjects than in healthy subjects (p<.05). The ROM of the lumbar region was significantly lower in CLBP subjects than healthy subjects during trunk flexion-extension, trunk rotation and lateral flexion cycle. The relationship between the RMS ratio for full lumbar flexion and the ROM of lumbar flexion was not correlated significantly. CLBP subjects have both decreased ROM of the lumbar region and higher muscle activities of the lumbar extensor muscle than healthy subjects.

The walker provides stability for walking for people whose lower extremities are disabled. It is important to measure and determine the appropriate height of a walker to conserve energy and to improve function. The purposes of this study were to examine effects of walker height and gait velocity on triceps, latissimus dorsi muscle activation, and energy expenditure index (EEI) during ambulation with a walker. Fifteen healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject was assigned a walker with one of three heights (high, standard, lower height) and of two gait velocities (comfortable gait velocity or fast gait velocity). Electromyographic data were collected from triceps and latissimus dorsi, and EEI was determined from each condition. Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance. Post hoc comparison was performed with the Bonferroni test. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in the %MVIC of triceps among different walker height factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that %MVIC of dominant triceps brachii was more significantly increased in patients who used the higher walker than those who used the lower walker (p<.05). 2. There were significant differences in the %MVIC of the latissimus dorsi among different walker height factors and gait velocity factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that the %MVIC of dominant latissimus dorsi was also more significantly increased in patients who used the higher walker than those who used the lower walker (p<.05) and in those who used the faster gait velocity than those who used the slower gait velocity (p<.05). 3. There were significant differences in the EEI among different walker height factors and gait velocity factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that the EEI was significantly increased among those who used higher and lower walkers compared with the standard walker. The EEI was also more significantly increased among those who used the fast gait velocity than those who used the slower gait velocity (p<.05). It has been concluded that increased muscle activation in triceps and latissimus dorsi was required when the walker height increased and that more energy was exp ended when the gait velocity increased. Therefore, from the findings of this study, it is recommended that walker height be adjusted according to the purposes of gait training and that healthy subjects conserve energy when ambulating with standard walkers in a comfortable gait velocity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics of young adults during descent ramp climbing at different inclinations. Twenty-three subjects descended four steps at four different inclinations (level, -8˚, -16˚, -24˚). The 3-D kinematics were measured by a camera-based Falcon System. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The kinematics of descent ramp walking could be clearly distinguished from the kinematics of level walking. On a sagittal plane, the ankle joint was more plantar flexed at initial contact with -16˚/-24˚ inclination, was decreased in the toe off position with all inclinations (p<.001),and was decreased at maximum plantar flexion during the swing phase (p<.001). The knee joint was more flexed at initial contact with the -24˚ inclination (p<.001), was more flexed in the toe off position with all inclinations (p<.001), and was more flexed at minimum flexion during stance phase and at maximum flexion during swing phase with -16˚, -24˚ inclination (p<.001). The hip joint was more flexed in the toe off position with -16˚, -24˚ inclination and was deceased at maximum extension during stance phase with -16˚, -24˚ inclination (p<.05). In the frontal plane, the ankle joint was more everted at maximum eversion during stance phase with -16˚, -24˚ inclination (p<.01) and was decreased at maximum inversion during swing phase with -16˚, -24˚ inclination (p<.01). The knee joint was more increased at maximum varus during stance phase with -16˚, -24˚ inclination (p<.001). The hip joint was deceased at maximum adduction during stance phase with -24˚ inclination (p<.05). In a horizontal plane, only the knee joint was increased at maximum internal rotation during stance phase with -24˚ inclination (p<.05). In descent ramp walking, the different gait patterns occurred at an inclination of over 16˚ on the descending ramp in the sagittal and frontal planes. These results suggest that there is a certain inclination angle or angular range where subjects do switch between level walking and descent ramp walking gait patterns.

본 연구는 개 동결 정액 융해 시 straw 크기 및 융해 속도가 융해 정자의 질(quality)에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 최적의 융해 조건을 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 정상적인 번식능을 가진 비글 수컷 5마리에서 정액을 채취하여 원심 분리하여 정장을 버리고 남은 정자에 동결보호제인 glycerol이 첨가된 tris-glucose-egg yolk extender를 첨가하여 동결하고 액체질소에 보관한 후 융해하였다. 동결 융해 조건에 따른 효과를 알아보

본 연구의 목적은 21%농도의 산소와 비교하여 30%의 고농도 산소 흡입이 사이클 등속 운동 중에 심박동률(heart rate)과 혈중 산소 포화도(SPO2)에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 21%와 30% 농도의 산소를 각각 8liter/min의 양으로 일정하게 공급할 수 있는 산소 공급 장치를 이용하였다. 신체 건강한 10명의 남자 대학생(25.2±2.2세)이 21%와 30%의 두 종류의 산소 농도를 대상으로 각각 두 번의 실험에 참여하였다. 실험은 안정(2분), 20±1km/h의 사이클 등속 운동(10분), 회복(6분)의 세 구간(총 18분)으로 구성되어 있고, 21%또는 30%의 산소는 등속 운동과 회복 구간에만 공급되었다. 21%에 비해 30%산소를 흡입했을 때 사이클 등속 운동과 회복 기간 중에 심박동률은 감소하였고, 혈중 산소 포화도는 .차이가 없었다. 21%와 30% 두 그룹 사이에 동일한 운동부하가 주어졌기 때문에 혈중 산소 포화도는 차이가 없는 것으로 판단되고, 30%의 고농도 산소 흡입으로 동일운동 부하에 필요한 산소 요구량이 원활히 공급되고 있기 때문에 심박동률은 감소한 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 체외성숙 배지에 첨가하는 PVP의 농도, EGF, cysteine 및 PVP의 단독 또는 혼합첨가가 한우 체외수정란의 체외발생에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 체외성숙 배지에 PVP의 첨가농도(0.1~3.0%)에 따른 분할율은 차이가 없었으나, 배반포 발달율은 0.5% PVP 첨가군이 가장 높았다(P<0.05). PVP, EGF 및 cysteine의 단독 및 혼합 첨가에 따른 분할율은 cysteine 단독첨가군이 높았으나(P<0.05), 배반포 발달율은 차이가 없었다. Inner cell mass 수는 대조군과 cysteine 첨가군이 PVP 첨가군에 비하여 유의하게 높았고(P<0.05), 총 세포수도 cysteine 첨가군에서 가장 높았다. 수정란이식 결과는 대조군, EGF, cysteine 및 EGF+cysteine 군의 임신율은 46.1~63.6%로서 비슷하였으나, PVP 첨가군은 10%로서 다른 군에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과는 체외성숙 배지에 PVP의 첨가로 배 발생은 가능하지만, 세포의 품질에는 악영향을 미치는 것을 보여준다.

아산만에서 크기별 식물플랑크톤의 계절적인 변동과 크기 구조에 따른 식물플랑크톤과 환경인자와의 상관성을 조사하기 위해 2003년 10월부터 2004년 9월까지 매월 5개의 조사 정점에서 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 전체 엽록소 α 농도에 대해서 크기가 큰 세포들(소형 식물플랑크톤, >20 μm)은 크기가 작은 세포들(미소식물플랑크톤, 3~20μ m; 초미세 식물플랑크톤, <3μ m)보다 더

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical characteristics of chronic stroke patients on physiological cost index (PCI) during walking. Fourteen stroke patients participated in this study. To investigate the clinical characteristics, Fugl-Meyer score (FMS), gait velocity (GV), muscle strength of the knee extensor, modified Ashworth scale (MAS) of ankle plantar flexor, devices, and gait patterns during walking were measured and analyzed. The results were as follows: Firstly, use of devices and high MAS of the ankle plantar flexor significantly increased PCI. Secondly, PCI was significantly correlated with the FMS and MAS of the ankle plantar flexor. In conclusion, inhibition of spasticity of the ankle plantar flexor is considered to reduce PCI during walking for chronic stroke patients.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorder has been associated with long hours of computer work and prolonged periods of static posture. In clinical settings, postural correction is a common treatment approach for individuals with neck, shoulder, and back pain. This study was designed to identify the effect of Forward Head Posture Correctional Device during computer work. Twelve healthy adults (mean age, 27.4 yrs; mean height, 165.0cm mean weight, 65.8 kg) participated in the study. They had no medical history of neurological or surgical problems with their upper extremity. The subjects were asked to perform Head Forward Posture under the guidance of physical therapists and the measured angles were analyzed using a 3-D motion analysis system. Markers were placed on the C7 spinous process, tragus of the ear and forward head angle was between the line from the tragus to the C7 line and the Y-axis at the C7. The statistical significance of difference between, "without" and "with" correctional device was tested by paired t-test. A level of significance was set at α=.05. In comparison of the computer work between "without" and "with" correctional device, Forward Head Angle was showed significant difference (p<.05). In conclusion, the range of Forward Head Angle was significantly decreased during computer work with the correctional device. Further research is needed to understand the nature of motor control problems in deep muscles in patients with neck, shoulder, and back pain.

본 연구는 젖소에 있어서 다량의 수정란을 생산하여, 고능력의 유전인자를 조기에 확산할 수 있도록, 젖소에 있어서 PEG를 이용하여 과배란 처리기법 확립을 위해 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 성선자극호르몬의 처리 방법에 따른 황체반응은 Folltropin 단독처리시 , Folltropin+EB는 , Folltropin+PEG는 로 나타났으며, 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 2. 성선자극호르몬의 처리 방법에 따른 이식 가능 수정란 수

본 연구는 한우를 공란우로 이용시 효율을 최대화하고, 과도한 호르몬의 투여를 억제하며, 그로 인하여 공란우의 경제수명을 연장하고자 과배란 처리시 차기 발정을 고려하지 않고 과배란을 유도하였을때 공란우의 반응과 수정란의 생산율을 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 한우 경산우 및 미경산우를 자연발정을 확인하고 차기발정 5일전에 FSH를 1일 2회 4일 간 투여한 것과 발정을 확인하지 않고 CIDR를 이용하여 동일한 호르몬을 방법으로 과배란을 처리

It seems that macro-history has no relationship with family history at first glance. A close look at macro-history reveals that people in the micro-history are helplessly governed by macro-history regardless of their willingness. John Montague, a contemporary Northern Irish poet, has sought to investigate his tragic, painful familial history resulting from the macro-history of Northern Ireland which also turns out to be in predicament in political, religious, and educational terms. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, where his father had to be in exile because of his involvement in political activities in Ulster, Norther Ireland. Yet when Montague was quite young, he was sent to Garvaghey, Northern Ireland, his father's hometown. He was brought up there under the tutelage of his aunt. His early experience of separation from his parents has become the central theme of his poetry along with the political turmoil in Belfast. Thus, a number of his poems address his familial distress as well as his own. This essay seeks to examine how the poet recreates in his poems his painful experience involved in his family members, the victims of Northern Ireland's history. Many poems in Rough Field and Dead Kingdom are evaluated to be successful in terms of maintaining his temper even if they deal with painful matters of his family. As Montague himself reveals in his proses and interviews, his poetry seems to place its focus not only on praise but on liberation from his burdensome family history. To Montague, writing poetry is an inevitable means to overcome harsh realities given to his own family, himself and Northern Irish history. Particularly in his later poems, Montague arrives at reconciliation with the two corresponding histories he had to face.