Several fields of science have demanded large-scale workflow support, which requires thousands of CPU cores or more. In order to support such large-scale scientific workflows, high capacity parallel systems such as supercomputers are widely used. In order to increase the utilization of these systems, most schedulers use backfilling policy: Small jobs are moved ahead to fill in holes in the schedule when large jobs do not delay. Since an estimate of the runtime is necessary for backfilling, most parallel systems use user’s estimated runtime. However, it is found to be extremely inaccurate because users overestimate their jobs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel system for the runtime prediction based on workload-aware clustering with the goal of improving prediction performance. The proposed method for runtime prediction of parallel applications consists of three main phases. First, a feature selection based on factor analysis is performed to identify important input features. Then, it performs a clustering analysis of history data based on self-organizing map which is followed by hierarchical clustering for finding the clustering boundaries from the weight vectors. Finally, prediction models are constructed using support vector regression with the clustered workload data. Multiple prediction models for each clustered data pattern can reduce the error rate compared with a single model for the whole data pattern. In the experiments, we use workload logs on parallel systems (i.e., iPSC, LANL-CM5, SDSC-Par95, SDSC-Par96, and CTC-SP2) to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach. Comparing with other techniques, experimental results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy up to 69.08%.

Productivity is the essential comparative advantage in high tech industry company in 21 century. These company endless endeavor for low cost production. Low cost production can be led by low facility operation cost and low labor cost. But reducing facility operation cost arise much investment. Thus many high tech company drive reduction of labor cost. These article suggest model for reducing labor cost and prove a effect by example of some company.

This study was aimed at integrating English novels into a Korean high school English curriculum. To accomplish the objective, the study adopted diverse post-reading activities using an English novel, The City of Ember by Jeanne DuPrau. Data were collected from diverse sources such as students’ worksheets, transcripts of students’ presentation, answers to survey questions, and the teacher’s field note. The results of the study are as follows: First, there were some educational effects when an English novel with diverse post-reading activities was used in high school English classrooms. Students showed a positive attitude toward the class and expressed satisfaction in terms of classroom management. Second, students responded to the novel through diverse post-reading activities. For example, students had opportunities to reflect on their lives, became active in solving problems, and deepened their thoughts through discussion. Based on the results of this study, suggestions for future studies are provided.

This research is aimed at evaluating the nutrition knowledge and hygiene knowledge of people who are either foodservice employees or housewives and at providing data for conducting hygiene education by comparing the differences between the two groups. Both groups scored relatively high in nutrition knowledge with housewives scoring 9.9/12 and food service employees scoring 9.6/12. However, foodservice employees scored significantly higher in hygiene knowledge and degree of practice than housewives, A correlation was found between nutrition knowledge and the degree of hygienic practice and a significant correlation between hygiene knowledge and the degree of hygienic practice. The higher the hygiene knowledge was, the higher their degree of hygienic practice was. As for food hygiene information, foodservice employees obtained the information through hygiene education and lecture meetings, but housewives got their information through mass media. To summarize, mass media, which housewives can have easy access, must have programs for housewives to help them improve food hygiene in cooking, and programs for foodservice employees on washing food.

Computational algorithms and their implementations are studied for the treatments of kernel function’s shadow effects, which occurs in the application of the BEM(boundary element method) for radiation heat transfer analysis. In this problem, surfaces are assumed to be diffuse and gray placed in two-dimensional enclosures with transparent medium. Self-blocking or third party blocking is possible when the radiosity from the BEM nodes cannot reach the destination points. Also the third party blocking can be the partial or total blocking case. Algorithms, which can accurately recognize the each blocking cases and reflect the shadow effects to the BEM kernel function, are studied in this paper. Effective implementation methods are presented, and their results are verified by the test problem

The research team is developing design and construction technologies for 10Mw steel and 3Mw composite wind towers. Regulations related to land transport of wind towers significantly affect the constructability and economical efficiency of wind tower construction projects. Therefore, it is important to develop guidelines for wind tower construction which consider the regulations. This study investigates regulations and practices of land transport of wind towers as a basic study for the construction guidelines of wind towers.

As companies were concerned with developing green logistics and environment, most logistics concerned functions like packaging, loading, storage, transportation and IT studies are active in study. Even if active in research studies, companies still recognized that logistics cost increases as green concepts are applied. For the efficient execution of green logistics management, it is absolutely necessary but difficult to build an optimal logistics system where each function is smoothly interacted through the proper integration and the link of various logistics functions and partners. This study aims to development of green logistics through integration of supply chain functions and partners. With this aim of study, case studies with analysis of embodiment, planning and operations for supply chain of companies are carried out.

◉ 목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 요리 치료 활동이 학령기 뇌병변 장애 아동의 실행 기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것이다. ◉ 연구방법 : 본 프로그램은 학령기 뇌병변 남자 아동 6명을 대상으로아동이 흥미를 가지고 참여할 수 있는 요리치료 활동(12회기)으로 구성되었다. 활동 중 실행 기능 증진을 위해 단서 제공 시스템을 이용하였으며, 치료 전후 실행 기능의 비교를 위하여 운동 처리 기술 평가(AMPS)를 사용하였다. 처음과 마지막 회기를 제외한 10회기 동안 제공된 단서의 양과 수준을 분석하였고, 사회성숙도 검사, AMPS, 단서와의 상관관계를 조사하였다. ◉ 결과 : AMPS 평가 결과 모든 아동의 실행 기능이 증진되었으며, 3명의 아동에게서 유의미한 기능 증진이 나타났다. 제공된 단서의 양(21.33회에서 7.25회)과 수준(3.50에서 2.00)은 후반기로 진행될수록 감소되었다. 상관관계 조사 결과 사회성숙도는 AMPS 처리 기술(p<.05), 단서의 양(p<.01), 단서의 수준(p<.01)이 서로 유의미한 상관을 보였고, AMPS 처리 기술은 단서의 양(p<.05), 단서의 수준(p<0.5)과 음적 상관관계를 나타냈다. ◉ 결론 : 단서 제공 시스템을 이용한 요리 치료 활동을 통하여 일상생활에 도움을 줄 수 있는 실행 기능이 증진되었으며, 문제를 해결하는 데 필요한 단서의 양과 수준도 감소되는 것으로 확인되어, 추후 작업-지향적 활동으로서 요리 치료 프로그램이 아동의 실행 기능 증진에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

목적 : 우리나라 학령전기 아동을 대상으로 감각통합실행검사(Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests; SIPT)의 실행과 관련된 항목들을 사용하여 실행능력평가의 표준화를 위한 선행연구로서 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 2011년 10월 21일부터 10월 29일까지 B시 소재의 00유치원에 재원중인 만 5세 10개월~6세 10개월 아동 총 50명(남 27명, 여 23명)을 대상으로 하였다. 감각통합실행검사(Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests; SIPT) 항목 중 실행과 관련된 자세실행(Postural Praxis; PPr), 구두지시에 따른 실행(Praxis on Verbal Command; PrVC), 순서실 행(Sequencing Praxis; SPr), 구강실행(Oral Praxis; OPr)항목을 사용하여 대상자를 평가하였다. 기술통계분석을 사용 하여 실행능력의 평균값, 표준편차, 최대값, 최소값을 제시하였고, t검정을 사용하여 성별에 따른 실행능력의 차이를 비교하였다. 결과 : 평가 항목별 실행능력의 평균값과 표준편차는 PPr가 25.72±4.35, PrVC가 15.62±4.35, SPr가 84.52±13.09, OPr가 31.36±6.01 있었다. 아동의 실행능력에 있어서 성별 간에 통계학적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 우리나라 학령전기 아동의 실행능력에 대한 지표인 평균값을 제시하였고, 성별에 따른 실행능력 의 차이를 확인하였다. 연구 결과는 임상가들에게 정상아동의 실행능력에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는 것에 의의가 있으며, 앞으로는 연구대상을 확장하고 SIPT의 다른 항목들을 포함하여 표준화하는 연구가 필요하다.

이 論文은 漢字 語彙 敎育의 方法과 實行 方案의 필요성을 제기한 것으로 기 존의 漢字 語彙의 敎授․學習 方法에서 벗어나, 해당 어휘의 성격에 적합한 敎授․學習 方法을 개발할 것을 밝혔다. 言語 生活의 漢字 語彙는 주로 文法的 짜임 關係를 갖고 있는 關係語彙(構造語)를 위주로 이루어져 있으며, 이러한 漢字 語彙 敎育의 목적은 ‘文識性’을 높이 는 것이다. 이에 대한 敎授․學習 方法으로 그동안 ‘造語 活用 敎授 方法’, ‘한자 카드 놀이법’, ‘융판 활용 한자어 지도법’ 등이 제시되었다. 그러나 모두 漢字 語彙 의 짜임을 이용한 敎授․學習의 方法을 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 漢字 語彙는 類義語 群(word family)을 가장 많이 갖고 있다. 類義語 群은 어휘의 활용이나 조어와 관련이 있을 뿐만 아니라, 어휘를 認知하는 과정과도 관련 이 있다. 따라서 類義語 群을 활용한 敎授․學習의 方法 모색과 방안이 필요하다. 한문에 사용되는 漢字 語彙는 日常 言語 生活의 語彙와 다르다. 이에는 單音節 語彙와 多音節 語彙가 있다. 일부 多音節 語彙는 일상 생활의 어휘와 일치하 나, 그 외의 경우에는 한문의 특성에서 발생한 것이 많다. 單音節 語彙는 기본뜻 과 함께 派生意, 擴張意, 引伸意 등이 있다. 이러한 것에 대한 敎授․學習의 方法으로는 六書의 字源을 위주로 한 학습으로 ‘部首 中心 指導’, ‘構造 分析’, ‘字源 活用法’, ‘字典 活用 學習法’, ‘이미지컷 활용 학습법’, ‘한자카드 활용법’ 등이 있다. 言語 生活의 漢字 語彙에 대한 敎授․學習 方法에 비해서는 매우 여러 가 지 敎授․學習 方法이 개발되어 있다. 多音節 語彙에 가면 故事成語, 典故語, 假借語 등 여러 가지 어휘가 있다. 이 들 어휘의 경우는 아직 敎授․學習의 方法的인 측면에서 개발된 것이 없다. 成語, 典故, 假借의 語彙는 어휘의 형성 과정이 독특하다. 따라서 그 형성 과정에 알맞은 방법이 개발될 필요가 있다. 多音節 語彙 중 ‘壓縮性 語彙’는 ‘이야기 → 압축’을 통해서 어휘가 형성되고, 학습자는 ‘어휘 확인 → 어휘의 압축과 비유의 과정 이해 → 의미 파악’의 원리를 통해서 해당 어휘를 학습한다. ‘隱語性 語彙’는 ‘문장에서 漢字語句 截取 → 意味 變容’의 과정을 통해서 어휘가 형성되고, 학습 자는 ‘語彙 認識 → 變容 過程 理解 → 意味 把握’의 원리를 통해서 학습한다. ‘形容 語彙’는 ‘事物의 狀態 → 狀態 確認 → 口語로 표현 → 비슷한 한자의 음 으로 假借’의 과정을 통해서 어휘가 형성되고, 학습자는 ‘語彙 確認 → 語彙의 假借 過程 理解 → 대체되는 우리말의 擬聲語 또는 擬態語 確認 → 意味 把握’의 原理를 통해서 학습한다. 따라서 이러한 어휘의 형성 과정과 인식 과정에 적합한 敎授․學習 方法의 모색이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing dietary satisfaction, and their perceived importance and performance, in North Korean refugees according to age. Questionnaires were completed by 220 North Korean refugees and data was analyzed with SPSS software. From our study we determined that fresh food, clean dishes, and proper vegetable oil are of high importance but considered poorly performed. 'Taste' and 'comfort' were factors with low importance but considered well-performed. The IPA technique proved that 8 items including Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, Q11, Q13 were in 'Doing great, keep it up' and no items that got high importance and low performance were in 'Focus here'. North Korean refugees like Korean food more than Chinese, Japanese, and Western food. They specifically want to learn how to cook Korean casseroles, soups, and side dishes(e.g. Myeolchibokkum, Kongjorim). The North Korean refugees who resided in South Korea under a year have difficulties in understanding menus and Western table manners.

Since manufacturing and supplying corporations today come to view their practice of SCM as important, it becomes essential to analyze and control the structural relationship between the information sharing among corporations and the performances resulting from their practice of SCM. It is thus the purpose of this paper to examine the factors that may prompt corporations to implement SCM by means of analyses into the relationship between information sharing and practice of SCM which corporations should lay stress on as well as the relationship between financial and non-financial performances of corporations. The findings of the study can be summed up as follows: First, as for the relationship between information sharing among and practice of SCM by corporations, information sharing among corporations turned out to affect such factors of implementing their SCM as trust, commitment mutual dependence. Consequently, corporations are requested to endeavor to implement SCM itself faithfully if they really aim to achieve their performances by practice of SCM and, at the same time, to make efforts to obtain understanding and support for information sharing among themselves. Second, from the analysis of the relationship between SCM and financial as well as non-financial performances of corporations, it was found that trust, a factor of SCM practice, had influence upon non-financial performances of corporations, but not upon their financial performances, while commitment and mutual dependence affected both financial and non-financial achievements of corporations. Therefore, it was made clear from the analysis that the decision and systematic control of SCM activities which best suit to a corporation play an important role in improving its financial and non-financial performances, because they greatly depend on the implementing extent of SCM factors such as trust, commitment and mutual dependence among corporations.

It is well known that ISO 9001 and TQM have significant effects on business success. We analyzed the effects of ISO 9001 requirements and TQM on financial performance with structural equation modeling. Hypotheses are proposed and tested based on existing

세계지도의 제작에는 많은 비용과 시간이 소요되므로 효율적이고 효과적인 제작 방안이 요구된다. 최근 지리정보 기술과 데이터베이스 관리시스템의 급성장은 세계지도 제작의 새로운 기회를 제공해주고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 근거가 명확한 디지털 맵 데이터를 이용하여 세계지도를 제작하기 위한 구체적인 실행 방안을 정립하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 세계지도 제작에 적합한 디지털 맵 데이터의 요건을 검토하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 현존하는 맵 데이터들을 검토한 결과 Natural Earth 데이터셋이 가장 유효한 것으로 판단되었다. 둘째, 선정된 맵 데이터를 기초 데이터로 삼아 세계지도를 제작하기 위한 실행 방안으로 지리참조체계의 설정, 지도 표현 항목의 선정, 선택?분류?지도 표현, 그리고 유지 관리 방안을 제시하였다. 타당한 맵 데이터와 체계적인 실행 방안을 통해 효율적이고 효과적인 세계지도의 제작이 가능함을 파악할 수 있었으며, 특히 GIS 형식의 풍부한 데이터와 GIS를 이용한 데이터 처리 과정은 효율적인 세계지도 제작의 핵심 요소로 파악되었다.

이 연구의 목적은 2009 개정 과학과 중학교 교육과정을 효과적으로 실행하기 위해 중학생들의 지구계에 대한 기초적인 인식을 조사하였다. 1219명의 학생들이 설문조사에 참여했으며 학생들의 지구계에 대한 기초적인 이해, 지구계와 관련된 23개의 개념(내용)에 대한 이해 수준과 중요성을 조사하였다. 지구계에 대한 기초적인 이해 결과를 살펴보면 약 67%의 학생들이 지구계에 대한 용어에 대해 잘 모른다고 응답하였다. 지구계의 구성요소 중에서는 대기권과 수권을 가장 잘 인식하고 있었으며, 빙권에 대해서는 지구계의 구성요소로서 낮은 이해 수준을 보였다. 23개 지구계 관련개념(내용)에서는 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, ESU#4, 5, 6에 관련된 주요 개념에서 남학생들이 이해 수준과 중요성에 대한 인식 수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 아울러, 학년별로는 23개 중에 10개의 개념에 대한 중요성의 인식 차이를 나타냈다. 교육과정의 실행과 학교 현장을 위한 제언이 논의되었다.

In the history of visual art the images were often combined with linguistic text, as it is exemplified by the early egyptian mural, medieval religious painting with biblical quotation and the cubist paintings in 20st century. In those works the image and text cooperated complementarily with each other, pursuing the representation of the real. But in the second half of 20st century the poststructuralists proclaimed that the real doesn't exist at all and it is no more than the construction pursued by the signs such as language and image. Facing the crisis of representation the role of image and text in the visual art should have been changed. One of the leading video artist Gary Hill explored in his single channel video works in 1980's the working mechanism of image and text and their interaction, treating them as open signifier, which can be related numerous changeable new meanings. He also concentrates his inquiries on the role and meaning of language within our culture and other human context and destructed the existing mechanism of representation, which based on the solid relationship between signifier and signified. So, in <Why Do Things Get in a Muddle> he questions paradox of the logic, which served to produce the meaning of the world. In <Incidence of Catastrophe> he showed that all the metaphysical basement of our experience are not in itself real but they are just constructed through the semiotic process of image and words. These aspects of his arts are in some degree influenced by intellectual disposition of conceptual art in 1970's years, which revolved around the language instead of images. But his works explored not only the language but also the images as sign. Therefore his approach differ from the conceptual art, which eliminated the retinal aspects from their work. His works also set themselves apart from the ideology critical provocative work in 1980's, which targeted specific political and social issues. As he himself reaffirmed, his work focused on semiotic process and revealed unreliability of the working mechanism of logic, on which all the value system in our world based. In this sense his work in 1980's could be called meta-semiotic work.