우리나라 서, 남해안에 지하수의 해수침투 현상을 관측하기 위해 설치된 관측망 자료를 이용하여, 해당지역별 대수층을 통한 해수침투의 유형을 분석하였다. 분석에 이용된 관측정은 25개 해안지역 소유역의 총 45개 암반관정으로, 지하수위, 수온, 전기전도도를 대상으로 기본통계분석, 상관성 분석 및 변동유형 분류를 수행하였다. 분석 결과 지하수위의 경우 강우 영향을 받거나 양수에 의한 수위강하가 나타나는 관측정에서 큰 폭으로 변동하고 있다. 지하수온은 대부분의 경우 변동폭이 0.2˚C 이내로 안정적인 특징을 보여주고 있으며, 전체적으로 평균 온도가 15˚C 이상으로 나타났다. 전기전도도의 경우 상대적으로 변동폭이 크고 불규칙한 특징을 가지고 있으며, 평균값이 2,000 μS/cm 이내의 관측정이 28개, 10,000 μS/cm를 초과하는 관측정은 9개소로 나타났다. 교차상관도 분석에 의하면, 지하수위는 강우의 영향을 받아 변동하는 형태가 많았지만 수온과 전기전도도는 상대적으로 강우의 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 조석의 경우에는 일부 관측정에서 강우에 의한 영향보다 높은 교차상관도가 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 장기관측자료를 변동형태에 따라 정상형, 추세형, 주기형, 충동형, 계단형, 경사형 등 6가지로 분류하였다. 지하수위의 경우 강우나 양수의 영향을 받는 충동형이 가장 많은 73.3%이며, 조석의 영향은 13.4%에 해당되었다. 지하수온의 경우 변동폭이 일정한 정상형태가 51.2로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 강우나 양수에 의한 충동형이 26.7%에 해당되었다. 전기전도도의 경우는 지하수위나 지하수온과 달리 추세형, 계단형, 경사형 등의 변동형태가 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 동일한 해안지역에 설치된 관측정별로 관측자료의 변동 특성이 상이한 경우가 나타남에 따라, 향후 각 소유역별로 관측정 자료의 정기적인 변동 경향성을 분석하는 것이 필요하다.

Dependent models in quality statistics are classified as serially autocorrelated model, multivariate model and dependent sample model. Dependent sample model is most efficient in time and cost to obtain samples among the above models. This paper proposes to implement parametric and nonparametric models into production system depended on demand pattern. Nonparametric models have distribution free and asymptotic distribution free techniques. Quality statistical models are classified into two categories ; the number of dependent sample and the type of data. The type of data consists of nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio data. The number of dependent sample divides into 2 samples and more than 3 samples.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate an effect that presbyopia correction with PAL(Progressive Addition Lens) influences upon the vision related quality of life. 70 presbyopes over 45 years old in the capital region put a new PAL spectacles for more than 1 month. NEI VFQ questionnaire was used to compare the quality of life after using PAL spectacles and to analyze how much the quality of life has been improved. Myopia and non-myopia groups were not differed, however two groups were significantly improved. There were no differences between low addition group and high addition group, however after the experiment the quality of life in low addition group was improved in more many areas than one of high addition group. Low amount of astigmatism group and high amount of astigmatism group also had no differences, however two groups were also improved significantly after the experiment. Indirect astigmatism, direct astigmatism and oblique astigmatism groups have no differences, however oblique astigmatism group has no a significant difference, and the quality of life in indirect astigmatism group was improved in various items more than direct astigmatism group after the experiment. Comparisons among habitual types of presbyopia correction showed no a significant difference, however the single vision group was improved by much in the quality of life among 4 groups. As the result, Presbyopia correction using PAL were improved the quality of life significantly in their mental, social, visual and functional areas.

본 연구는 우리나라 서해안에서 월동하는 수조류 군집의 특성 및 환경요인에 따른 분포 특성을 밝히고자 수행되었다. 수조류 군집조사는 10개 지역에서 실시되었으며, 환경요인으로 토지피복도 비율을 측정하였다. 전체 조사지역에서 종 구성은 수면성 오리류가 84%로 가장 높은 비율을 나타냈고, 그 외 잠수성 오리류, 섭금류, 기러기류, 갈매기류 등이 많이 관찰되었다. 가장 높은 우점도를 나타낸 종은 청둥오리(Anas platyrhynchos)였으며 다음으로 가창

The purpose of this study was to analyze usage frequency and importance of competencies which are required to restaurant industry professionals. For this purpose, opinions of restaurant industry professionals on the competency were surveyed using questionnaires. To develop a questionnaire, a total of 27 competency variables which are required to restaurant industry professionals were drawn through literature review. Questionnaires were distributed to 300 professionals in restaurant industry with different positions using random sampling. Out of 300 questionnaires, 221 questionnaires were used for analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 10.0, including descriptive analysis, ANOVA and t-test. Reliability test and factor analysis were also conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. As a result, 'attitude and personality' factor was recognized as the most frequently used and the most important competency factor of restaurant industry professionals. Therefore, the competency such as 'sincerity', 'responsibility', 'sense of honesty', 'positive attitude', 'tolerance and justice', should be more emphasized in restaurant management education. The level of current usage and importance of each competency were different according to age, education level, working experience, position, number of employees, type of restaurant and type of management.

The purpose of this study is to search for a relationship between Gospel and Culture. According to traditional typological study, Gospel and Culture are sorted into five groups. Also, this paper seeks to evaluate five typological models between Gospel and Culture. A study between Christ and Culture began with H. Richard Niebuhr, who divided five Types:　Christ against culture, Christ of culture, Christ above Culture, Christ and culture in Paradox, Christ the Transformer of Culture. Paul G. Hiebert sorted Gospel and Culture into three types: Gospel against Culture, Gospel in Culture and Gospel about Culture. John T. Seamands sorted Gospel and Culture into four types: Fundamental model, fulfillment model, discontinuity model and liberal model. And Theo Sundermeier sorted Gospel and Culture into six types: ‘Konfrontationsmodell’ which is based on ‘Dualismus’, ‘pluralistische’ Modell, ‘Fortschrittsmodell’, ‘Erfullungsmodel’, ‘antithetische Modell’ and ‘Konvivenz Modell’ based on good relationship with neighbor. This study is based on the above preceding research that is sorted into six models on study between Gospel and Culture: fundamental model. pluralistic model, fulfillment model, discontinuity model. transformation model and creative model. The fundamental model is based on relationship between Gospel and Culture that is considered devil and no value to dialogue. The pluralistic model is based on the scriptural phrases Ⅰ Timothy 2:3-4 and Hebrews 11:6. This models recognizes another religion as one way to salvation as Christianity. The fulfillment model is based on the theory of evolution that Christianity is the fulfillment of another religions. The discontinuity model is based on the theory of H. Kraemer that no continuity between the Christian Message(Gospel) and Non-Christian World(Culture). But the only one continuity between Gospel and Culture is girded with ‘Einstellung und Haltung des Missionars’. The transformation model is based on the theory of H. Richard Niebuhr that Christ is authorized as the Transformer of Culture. But this model is based on the dualism that Gospel is an invariable truth and Culture is an variability. According to the results of study of models, this paper suggested one useful model between Gospel and Culture. This creative model is based on the dynamics of Gospel and respect to neighbor culture and religion that are focused on the mission of the Holy Spirit, who is the presence of Christ. The free action of the Holy Spirit The purpose of this study is to search for a relationship between Gospel and Culture. According to traditional typological study, Gospel and Culture are sorted into five groups. Also, this paper seeks to evaluate five typological models between Gospel and Culture. A study between Christ and Culture began with H. Richard Niebuhr, who divided five Types:　Christ against culture, Christ of culture, Christ above Culture, Christ and culture in Paradox, Christ the Transformer of Culture. Paul G. Hiebert sorted Gospel and Culture into three types: Gospel against Culture, Gospel in Culture and Gospel about Culture. John T. Seamands sorted Gospel and Culture into four types: Fundamental model, fulfillment model, discontinuity model and liberal model. And Theo Sundermeier sorted Gospel and Culture into six types: ‘Konfrontationsmodell’ which is based on ‘Dualismus’, ‘pluralistische’ Modell, ‘Fortschrittsmodell’, ‘Erfullungsmodel’, ‘antithetische Modell’ and ‘Konvivenz Modell’ based on good relationship with neighbor. This study is based on the above preceding research that is sorted into six models on study between Gospel and Culture: fundamental model. pluralistic model, fulfillment model, discontinuity model. transformation model and creative model. The fundamental model is based on relationship between Gospel and Culture that is considered devil and no value to dialogue. The pluralistic model is based on the scriptural phrases Ⅰ Timothy 2:3-4 and Hebrews 11:6. This models recognizes another religion as one way to salvation as Christianity. The fulfillment model is based on the theory of evolution that Christianity is the fulfillment of another religions. The discontinuity model is based on the theory of H. Kraemer that no continuity between the Christian Message(Gospel) and Non-Christian World(Culture). But the only one continuity between Gospel and Culture is girded with ‘Einstellung und Haltung des Missionars’. The transformation model is based on the theory of H. Richard Niebuhr that Christ is authorized as the Transformer of Culture. But this model is based on the dualism that Gospel is an invariable truth and Culture is an variability. According to the results of study of models, this paper suggested one useful model between Gospel and Culture. This creative model is based on the dynamics of Gospel and respect to neighbor culture and religion that are focused on the mission of the Holy Spirit, who is the presence of Christ. The free action of the Holy Spirit breaks down the walls between culture, religion and nations.

The purpose of this study is to provide foot classification on young men and women by factor analysis. The sample for this work was chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years (2003~2004). In order to analyze and compare features of the foot of young men and women, analysis was performed about 911 subjects (male: 467, female: 444) on 24 parts such as height (8 parts), width (5 parts), thickness (1 part), circumference (3 parts), length (3 parts) and angle (4 parts). The result of this study can be applied in manufacturing and design of shoes and socks. Also, it will enable us to have fruitful information on considerable items during manufacturing and design of shoes and socks.

본 연구에서는 동영상 자극과 정지 영상 자극을 사용하여 얼굴 표정의 영역(얼굴 전체/눈 영역/입 영역)에 따른 정서 상태 전달 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 동영상 자극은 7초 동안 제시되었으며, 실험 1에서는 12개의 기본 정서에 대한 얼굴 표정 제시 유형과 제시 영역에 따른 정서 인식 효과를, 실험 2에서는 12개의 복합 정서에 대한 얼굴 표정 제시 유형과 제시 영역에 따른 정서 인식 효과를 살펴보았다. 실험 결과, 동영상 조건이 정지 영상 조건보다 더 높은 정서 인식 효과를 보였으며, 입 영역과 비교하였을 때 동영상에서의 눈 영역이 정지 영상 보다 더 큰 효과를 보여 눈의 움직임이 정서 인식에 중요할 것임을 시사하였다. 이는 기본 정서 뿐 아니라 복합 정서에서도 어느 정도 관찰될 수 있는 결과였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 정서의 종류에 따라 동영상의 효과가 달라질 수 있기 때문에 개별 정서별 분석이 필요하며, 또한, 얼굴의 특정 영역에 따라서도 상대적으로 잘 나타나는 정서 특성이 다를 수 있음을 사사해 준다.

Reproductive incompatibility is an important factor to select a specific biological control agent for successful augmentation of the corresponding endogenous population. An endoparasitoid, Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov), is an effective control agent to diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) and has been known to be classified into two groups in terms of reproductive incompatibility. This study analyzed an Korean population of C. plutellae in terms of morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA marker, which did not match with either of two reproductive incompatibility groups. These results suggest that a Korean population of C. plutellae can be involved in a novel reproductive group. For any augmentation program of C. plutellae in Korea, reproductive incompatibility should be seriously considered to select a particular exotic population.

본 연구는 산림부산물과 국내 유기농부산물의 사료가치와 유기흑염소 생산에 기초적인 자료를 얻고자 산지 초지유형에 따른 흑염소의 사료 섭취량, 소화율 및 질소 축적율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시축은 한국재래흑염소이었으며, 사양 시험에서는 흑염소 40두를 4처리구(개량목초구, 유기목초구, 산야초구, 수엽류구)로 나누어 처리구당 10두씩, 소화율 시험에서는 처리구당 3두씩 완전임의 배치하여 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 사양시험기간 동안의

이 연구는 고등학교 지구과학 탐구활동에서 2가지 수업유형에 따라 나타나는 학생들의 반성적 탐구의 특징을 알아봄으로써 수업의 맥락에서 학생들의 반성적 탐구의 실제를 이해하고, 탐구활동 수업에서 반성적 탐구를 촉진하기 위한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 기존의 탐구활동수업과 본 연구에서 개발한 반성적 탐구활동수업에서 반성적 탐구의 차이를 조사한 결과 반성적 탐구를 촉진하기 위해 개발된 반성적 탐구활동수업은 자료맥락의 다양한 요소와 연결된 반성적 탐구진술이 많아, 반성적 탐구의 양적 및 다양성의 측면에서 학생들의 반성적 탐구에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 학생들의 반성적 탐구를 활성화시키는 탐구활동 수업개발의 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

This article focuses on English language assessment for young learners in Korea questioning how far the special needs of young language learners (YLL) are being catered by the current English language assessments. First of all, this paper identifies the distinctive characteristics of young learners and the related assessments and provides several examples in the European context to explore how European programs apply the distinctive conditions of YLL on the assessing practices at schools. Secondly, four tests of oral proficiency which are currently administered in Korea (SEPT-general vs. SEPT-Junior; ESPT-general vs. ESPT-Junior) are explored to compare how the assessments for YLL take account of the special characteristics of young learners. Test content is analyzed on item types, test criteria and level descriptors. Lastly, suggestions are made based on the analysis of the assessments. It is hoped that this research paper provides meaningful implications on the YLL test development in Korea.

본 시험은 2002년 9월부터 2004년 12월까지 충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 공시초종은 청예웅 호밀(Koolgrazer)과 헤어리베치(Common)를 공시하여 주구로 호밀 단파, 호밀 80%+헤어리베치 20% 혼파, 호밀 60%+헤어리베치 40%혼파 및 헤어리베치 단파 등의 4 파종유형과 세구로 수잉기, 출수기, 개화기 및 유숙기 등의 4 수확시기를 두어 분할구배치법 3반복으로 시험하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과

본 논문은 전략적 제휴를 조직간 학습과정으로 규정하고, 각각의 제휴 파트너들이 전략적 제휴를 통해 어떤 학습 유형을 추구하느냐에 따라 조직간 지식 이전의 속도가 차이난다고 설정하였다. 제휴 파트너들의 조직학습 유형(지식 탐색과 지식 활용)이 서로 다를 경우는 여타 경우에 비해 상대적으로 지식이전의 속도가 빠를 것이며, 제휴 파트너들의 조직학습 유형이 모두 지식 활용인 경우는 다른 경우에 비해 상대적으로 지식이전의 속도가 늦을 것이다. 본 논문은 생수 산업에서 다국적 기업과 현지기업간의 합작투자 사례분석을 통해 이 같은 명제들을 살펴보았다. 사례 분석 결과 상호 보완적인 지식 기반은 학습 제휴의 강력한 동기가 될 수 있지만, 아울러 성공 체험을 바탕으로 축적된 지식은 조직간 학습에 걸림돌이 될 수도 있었다.