The purpose of this study was to identify the preferred types and consumption patterns of food away from home by socio-demographic factors including cohort groups, sex. and consumption patterns consisting of 6 types. Data were collected from 412 respondents by questionnaire method in April through May 2002. Regression results indicate that sex, age, family income, family type and size as well as the consumption patterns were significant in explaining the determinants of food away from home expenditures. Four logit function (each for Korean, American, Japanese, and bunsik) results showed that each type of food away from home was likely to vary depending on socio-demographic factors (i.e., cohort groups and sex) and the consumption patterns (i.e., convenience and simple, distinction and variety, tradition oriented, foreign design, health and quality oriented, sensible taste and mood). Similarities and differences in food away from home types are discussed, and future implications for food and nutrition specialists as well as food industrial marketers are provided.

There were two purposes of this study. The first was to research the effects of standard and fixed-split keyboards on wrist posture and movements during word processing. The second was to select optimal computer input devices in order to prevent cummulative trauma disorder in the wrist region. The group of subjects consisted of thirteen healthy men and women who all agreed to participate in this study. Kinematic data was measured from both wrist flexion and extension, and wrist radial and ulnar deviation during a 20 minute period of word processing work. The measuring tool was an electrical goniometer, and was produced by Biometrics Cooperation. The results were as follows: 1. The wrist flexion and extension at resting starting position were not significantly different (p>.05), however the angle of radial and ulnar deviation were significantly different in standard and split keyboard use during word processing (p<.05). 2. In the initial 10 minutes, the dynamic angle of wrist flexion and extension were not significantly different (p>.05), however the dynamic angle of radial and ulnar deviation was significantly different in standard and split keyboard use during word processing (p<.05). These results suggest that the split keyboard is more optimal than the standard keyboard, because it prevented excessive ulnar deviation during word processing.

본 연구에서는 면대면(FTF) 환경과 컴퓨터 매개 의사소통(CMC) 환경 사이의 차이를 과학 학습 성취도와 만족도 관점에서 비교 분석하였다. 또한 이러한 분석은 교수자-학습자(TS)와 학습자-학습자(SS) 상호작용 유형들 간의 차이에 대하여도 함께 실시되었다. 자료수집을 위하여 충북 충주 소재의 C여자 고등학교 1학년 여학생 3개 반 학생을 대상으로 2002년 5월 정규수업과 병행하여 3주 동안 학습 활동을 한 후에 학업 성취도와 만족도 검사를 다음의 네 집단에 대하여 실시하였다; CMC-TS, CMC-SS, FTF-TS, FTF-SS. 각각 5문항과 13문항으로 구성된 학업성취도와 만족도 측정을 위한 검사지는 통계 분석되었다. 각 집단간 학업 성취도의 평균 점수는 CMC환경을 이용한 집단(CMC)과 교수자-학습자 상호작용을 한 집단(TS)에서 높았다. 변량분석에 의하면, CMC환경에서의 학업 성취도 및 만족도는 학습자-학습자 상호작용(CMC-SS)에 비하여 교수자-학습자 상호작용을 강조한 학습활동(CMC-TS)에서 유의미하게 높았다. 한편면대면 (FTF) 환경에서도 TS 활동 (FTF-TS)이 SS 활동 (FTF-SS) 에 비하여 높은 만족도를 나타내었다. 또한 만족도에 대한 문항별 분석의 경우에 환경에서는 CMC환경이, 그리고 상호작용에서는 TS 활동이 효과적이었다. 따라서 컴퓨터 매개 의사소통 환경하에서 교수자-학습자 상호작용을 강조한 활동이 과학 교수 학습과정에서 학습자의 학업 성취도와 만족도를 증진시키는데, 상당히 유용하다는 것을 시사한다.

This study was carried out to investigate the dining-out behavior of breakfast and preference on the menu of female college students. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 417 were used for statistical analysis(SAS program). This survey was conducted from June, 2000 to October, 2000. 72.8% of the respondents thought there were problems in eating breakfast. The problems were 'skipping breakfast frequently(33.1%)', 'short eating time(20.9%)', 'simple menu(18.8%)'. Preference of dining-out breakfast menus were 'bread & milk(43.8%)', 'conventional menu(34.7%)', 'snack(15.5%)', soup or 'porridge(6.0%)'. A general preference of breakfast menus were conventional (63.7%), 'bread & milk(21.1%)', 'milk and breakfast cereal(8.7%)', 'soup or porridge(6.5%)'. Increase on the amount of monthly allowance decreased the preference of conventional type of breakfast(P<0.05). The questions about the breakfast were 'what is the best menus for breakfast(49.2%)', 'alternative to rice(17.1%)', 'the amounts of breakfast(12.1%)'. But there was no significant difference among these variables. In conclusion, development of convenient & well-balanced breakfast model and nutritional education are needed to increase the nutritional status of female college students.

This study was performed to investigate the relationships among personality preferences, dietary habit and nutrient intake of University students (n=283). Mean dietary habit score was similar between sexes and was 46.1/100 in male students and 45.1/100 in female students. Average energy intake of male students was 2,019 kcal (80.8% of RDA) and that of female students was 1,675 kcal (83.7%). Male students were taking less than 90% of RDA in calcium and vitamin B2 and female students were taking less than 90% of RDA in calcium, iron, vitamin C, and vitamin A. Students preferring Judgment had significantly higher dietary habit score than students preferring Perception. Extraversion had higher nutrient intake than Introversion both in male and female students. Male students preferring Feeling had also higher nutrient intake than students preferring Thinking. Nutrient density per 1,000 kcal was higher in Thinking and Judgment than Feeling and Perception. In conclusion, students preferring Judgment and Extraversion have better dietary habit and nutrient intake than those preferring Perception and Introversion. More studies are necessary between personality preferences and dietary behavior to contribute to effective nutrition education and counseling.

Tension members is a type of effective structural member, which is often used in large span structures. The structure systems composed with tension members are combined in various way and specific formations. So, there are need to research into the formations of tension structure and the type of adaptation in tension structure architectures. The structure systems with tension members were considered as tension main system, vector system and tension supported bending system, comprehensively. And tension structures were classified into the formation of tension structure with uniaxial or multiaxial line tension member, with surface member, with hybrid member of line and surface, concerning the flow of tension force. In each the formation of tension structure, the typical adaptations to architecture were also investigated through architecture examples. The type of the formation can be used to plan an architecture with respect to the flow of tension force and structural feature.

본 연구에서는 악보 읽기에서 나타나는 전문가와 초보자의 작업기억에서의 처리 유형의 차이를 연구하기 위해 조음 억제 조건을 사용하여 2개의 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 1에서는 8개의 4분 음표가 스크린에 제시되었다가 사라지면, 참가자가 그 음표들을 기억해서 악보에 그리도록 했다. 자극은 선율적인 멜로디와 비선율적인 멜로디로 나뉘어졌다. 같은 방법으로, 실험 2에서는 각각 3개의 음으로 구성된 4개의 코드가 제시되었다. 자극은 화성적인 코드와 비화성적인 코드로 나뉘어졌다. 실험 1과 2의 분석 결과, 초보자는 공통적으로 조음 억제를 하지 않은 조건에서 조음 억제 조건보다 나은 수행을 보였다. 하지만 전문가들은 화성적 자극에 대해서는 상대적으로 조음 억제의 영향을 덜 받았다. 이러한 결과는 초보자가 조음 루프에 전적으로 의지하여 음을 처리하는 반면, 전문가는 자극이 친숙할 경우, 조음 루프로 정보를 넘기기 전에 시공간 잡기장을 통해 음을 부호화할 수 있음을 암시한다.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of visual block (eyes open or closed), mental task type, and participation in an exercise program on static balance in the elderly. The subjects were 34 elderly (>65 years old) residents of a social welfare institute in Gyeonggi-do. We measured the following variables. Berg balance scale, mini mental state examination, balance performance monitor (sway area, path, and maximal sway velocity), age, weight, height and whether the subject participated in an exercise program. Scores for the Berg balance scale and mini mental state examination were evaluated to assess static balance ability either alone (single task paradigm) or while performing a mental task (dual task paradigm). Static balance variables that were measured included sway area, path, and maximal sway velocity. Each test was repeated three times. Multiple regressions analysis was used to examine the effect of each variable on static balance ability. For the dual task paradigm, static balance was affected by whether the subject participated in an exercise program. The Berg balance scale score for subjects with their eyes open was affected by whether they participated in an exercise program, while this variable in addition to the height and weight of subjects were determining variables in subjects with their eyes closed. As a result, whether subjects participated in an exercise program affected their static balance irrespective of whether their eyes open or closed. Therefore, regular exercise is recommended for elderly people and further research is needed to examine the relationship between static and dynamic balance while performing mental tasks such as cognition and attention.

This study examines the relationship between multiple sales force management practices and performance within each of Miles & Snowꡑs strategy types(1978) and Walker & Ruekertꡑ s strategy types(1987). The findings are as follows : First, Prospectors seem to be associated with increased performance when they are utilizing a relationship selling strategy, internal sales force, moderate levels of supervision, outcome-based control system and incentive-oriented compensation system. Second, Analyzers seem to be associated with increased performance when they are utilizing a relationship selling strategy, internal sales force, outcome-based control system to deal with the instability in their strategic focus. Third, Low Cost Defender seem to be associated with increased performance when they are utilizing a relationship selling strategy, external sales force, low levels of supervision, outcome-based control system and salary-oriented compensation system. Fourth, Differentiated Defenders seem to be associated with increased performance when they are utilizing a relationship selling strategy, high levels of supervision, balanced(outcome+behavior) control system and salary-oriented compensation system.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of personal and job characteristics on the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of dietitians employed in different foodservice settings. The subjects were dietitians(n=830) employed by schools, hospitals, and industries in Daegu Gyeongbuk area. A questionnaire was used to determine personal and job characteristics, commitment and satisfaction. Organizational commitment scores were the highest for hospital dietitians, and the lowest for industry dietitians (p<0.05). Industry dietitians felt significantly less loyal to their organizations than did the other dietitians(p<0.05). School and hospital dietitians were significantly more likely to say they cared about the fate of their organizations and thought their organizations were the best to work for. Age, education, length of employment, and wages were positively associated with hospital dietitians' commitment(p<0.05). For all dietitians, the fewer the work hours, the higher the commitment(p<0.05). When asked to rate their satisfaction with various aspects of their jobs, dietitians expressed the most satisfaction with co-workers, and the least satisfaction with promotion opportunities. School dietitians were significantly less satisfied with pay and promotion than were the other dietitians. Organizational commitment was associated with wages(0.05), autonomy(0.08), feedback(0.16), dealings with others(0.07), and task identity(0.09). Job satisfaction was affected by educational level(-0.13), wages(0.10), autonomy(0.18), friendship opportunities(0.14), feedback(0.16), task identity(-0.11) and organizational commitment(0.40) (Lisrel program).

서울시의 대표적인 습지유형인 저수지형습지(송파구 방이동 습지)와 묵은논형습지(은평구 북한산성 입구 습지)에 대한 현장조사(현존식생, 식물상, 야생조류)를 실시하여 각각의 특성을 비교.분석하였다. 현존식생에 있어 저수지형습지는 개방수면이 넓고 추수(抽水)식물인 갈대의 분포가 넓은데 반해 묵은논형습지는 수심이 전반적으로 낮고 일정하기 때문에 개방수면이 협소하고 습생(濕生)식물인 고마리의 분포면적이 넓었다. 식물상에 있어서는 저수지형습지에서 42과 80속 86종 8변종 1품종 95종류가 조사되는데 이중 나도겨풀, 마름, 수련과 같은 부엽식물과 좀개구리밥과 같은 부유식물이 조사되었으나 묵은논형습지에서는 부엽식물과 부유식물이 조사되지 않았다. 그리고 묵은논형 습지에서는 35과 53속 57종 7변종 1품종 65종류가 조사되었다. 야생조류는 저수지형습지인 송파구 방이동 습지에서 28종 433개체가 조사되었으며 이중 서울시 보호종 6종 모두를 포함하여 산새와 물새가 고르게 관찰되었다. 묵은논형습지인 은평구 북한산성습지에서는 32종 365개체가 조사되었는데 이중 천연기념물 1종, 환경부 보호종 1종, 서울시 보호종 4종이 관찰되었다. 저수지형습지에서 대상지 전반에 걸쳐 관찰되었으나 묵은논형습지에서는 경계부 산림지역에서 주로 출현하였다 전체적으로 저수지형습지가 현존식생, 식물상, 야생조류가 다양하게 나타났는데, 이는 저수지형습지의 지형구조가 다양함에 따라 식생유형과 동물상이 다양한 것으로 판단되었다.

Odontogenic keratocysts(OKCs) are frequently associated with erupted or impacted tooth. In such instances, the radiographic features simulate those of a dentigerous cyst. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a comparative immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 as a proliferative marker and apoptotic signals in the OKC associated with or without impacted tooth. In addition, we have also been investigated with regard to the proliferative activity and apoptosis comparing the unilocular and multilocular varieties of the OKC. The material for this study consisted of thirty-two cases of OKCs (OKC with impacted tooth, n=16；OKC without impacted tooth, n=16) and ten cases of dentigerous cysts as a comparison. The results revealed that the proliferative activity and apoptosis of OKCs with impacted tooth was higher than those of dentigerous cysts. However, there was no correlation between Ki-67 immunoreactivity or apoptosis and association with or without impacted tooth in 32 cases of OKCs. In addition, this present study showed that there was no correlation between the unilocular and multilocular varieties of the OKCs in proliferative activity and apoptosis.

본 연구는 국내기업의 국제전략적제휴를 대상으로 전략적제휴의 사업성과 결정요인을 분석하였다. 지난 1990년부터 2000년까지 국내기업이 체결한 국제전략적제휴를 연구대상으로 전체 23개 산업에 걸쳐 52개의 국내기업들이 체결한 124건의 제휴사례를 연구대상으로 하였다. 가설검증을 위해서 요인분석, 군집분석, 분산분석, 비모수통계분석을 시행하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 국내기업의 국제전략적 제휴 유형은 파트너기업과의 조직간 상호작용정도와 잠재적갈등정도에 따라 친경쟁적 제휴, 비경쟁적 제휴, 선경쟁적 제휴, 경쟁적 제휴 등 네가지 유형으로 나타났다. 전략적 제휴의 유형별로 사업성과가 다르게 나타났다. 비경쟁적 제휴가 사업성과가 가장 높게 나타났으며 친경쟁적 제휴는 상대적으로 사업성과가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는, 전략적 제휴의 유형과 사업성과에 관한 연구를 통하여 전략적 제휴와 산업의 관련성, 경쟁자와의 관계, 조직간 상호작용과 갈등의 문제들이 사업성과와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것을 의미한다.