Background: As South Korea enters an aged society, the government has emphasized the need for a soft landing of the older adults into the community after the acute and recovery periods under a national policy of “community care.” However, the institutionalization of community rehabilitation services to implement this is insufficient. Japan had already entered an aged society when the Long-Term Care Insurance System was introduced in 2000. Thus, the case of Japan’s institutionalization of the system is expected to have implications for us in supplementing a suitable system for the aged society. Objects: This study compared the institutionalization process of the Long-Term Care Insurance System in South Korea and Japan and the services currently being implemented in each country. Methods: To examine the institutionalization process and services of the system, related legal rules and regulations, government reports, and articles were reviewed. To examine the operation status of the system, statistical data provided by each country’s government were analyzed. Results: Japan recognized the importance of community rehabilitation even before the enactment of Long-Term Care Insurance. Thus, community rehabilitation services, such as homevisit rehabilitation and health facilities, were already stipulated in the law. Under such institutional legacy, Long-Term Care Insurance was able to establish a service system, which balanced welfare and health-related services, including various types of services with enhanced rehabilitation functions. In South Korea, rehabilitation policies were not much considered in the process of institutionalizing the system; thus, it was composed mainly of services focusing on care and recuperation. Conclusion: In order to realize community care, rehabilitation services need to be developed in Long-Term Care Insurance System in various forms such as home-visit services, daily services, short stay, and facility services.

본 연구에서는 2019년에서 2021년까지, 매년 2월에서 5월 동안 대전광역시 6개 지점(기준지역 1곳 포함)의 기 온 데이터를 바탕으로 COVID-19로 인한 인간 활동의 감소가 대전 지역의 도시열섬강도에 미친 영향에 대하여 분석하 였다. 관측 지점에 따라 차이는 있으나 도시열섬강도는 COVID-19 전인 2019년에 비해 2020년과 2021년에 약 20% 이상 감소되었다. 인간 활동 감소는 야간의 도시열섬을 증가시키고 주간의 도시열섬을 감소시켰다. 그 결과 도시열섬강 도의 일변동 폭은 지점에 관계없이 2019년에 비해 2020년 및 2021년 모두 약 20% 이상 증가하였다. 도시열섬강도 감 소는 풍속과 같은 자연적 요인 및 사회적 거리두기 단계와는 큰 관련성이 없는 것으로 보인다. 반면에 COVID-19 이후 시행된 사회적 거리두기 및 확연히 감소된 대기오염물질과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 NO2와 가장 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the Masan region’s restaurant industries from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. Within this period, there were 1,597 numbers of restaurants found in ‘Masansanggongmyeonggam’. During the same period, 313 restaurants appeared in the ‘Gyeongnamsinmun’ restaurant advertisements. The characteristics of the restaurant industry in Masan during this period are as follows. In Korean food, meat menus such as ‘Bulgogi’ became popular, and local foods such as ‘Masan Aguijjim’, ‘Kkosirak’, ‘Hoebaekban’, and ‘Jinjubibimbap’ were commercialized. Due to the government's ‘Punshik Changny-ö’ policy, the flour food became popular and the number of Chinese restaurants rapidly increased. New western foods were also introduced, such as hamburger and pizza. Grilled whole chicken at ‘Yeongyangcenter’ became popular, and the emergence of ‘Food Department Store’. These new changes were introduced so quickly that there was almost no time difference with the metropolitan area, and it is thought that this is because the young people who moved in as the Masan area was industrialized actively accepted the new changes.

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of NH3-N and nitrifying microorganisms on the increased BOD of downstream of the Yeongsan river in Gwangju. Water samples were collected periodically from the 13 sampling sites of rivers from April to October 2021 to monitor water qualities. In addition, the trends of nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand (NBOD) and microbial clusters were analyzed by adding different NH3-N concentrations to the water samples. The monitoring results showed that NH3-N concentration in the Yeongsan river was 22 times increased after the inflow of discharged water from the Gwangju 1st public sewage treatment plant (G-1-PSTP). Increased NH3-N elevated NBOD levels through the nitrification process in the river, consequently, it would attribute to the increase of BOD in the Yeongsan river. Meanwhile, there was no proportional relation between NBOD and NH3-N concentrations. However, there was a significant difference in NBOD occurrence by sampling sites. Specifically, when 5 mg/L NH3-N was added, NBOD of the river sample showed 2-4 times higher values after the inflow of discharged water from G-1-PSTP. Therefore, it could be thought other factors such as microorganisms influence the elevated NBOD levels. Through next-generation sequencing analysis, nitrifying microorganisms such as Nitrosomonas, Nitroga, and Nitrospira (Genus) were detected in rivers samples, especially, the proportion of them was the highest in river samples after the inflow of discharged water from G-1-PSTP. These results indicated the effects of nitrifying microorganisms and NH3-N concentrations as important limiting factors on the increased NBOD levels in the rivers. Taken together, comprehensive strategies are needed not only to reduce the NH3-N concentration of discharged water but also to control discharged nitrifying microorganisms to effectively reduce the NBOD levels in the downstream of the Yeongsan river where discharged water from G-1-PSTP flows.

선사시대 사회상을 설명할 수 있는 유력한 자료로서 석기 석재 연구의 필요성에 대한 인식이 높아 지기 시작한 것은 2000년대 이후이다. 그때부터 석재 동정과 석재 산지 분석 결과 등이 발굴 보고서 에 포함되기 시작하였으나, 지질학 전공자에 의한 초기의 연구가 고고학 전공자의 자체적인 연구로까 지 이어지지는 못하였다. 그에 더해 발굴 보고서에 석재 동정 결과마저 언급되지 않는 경우도 점차 증 가하고 있다. 이러한 현상에는 비파괴 분석, 육안관찰 등에 의존해야 하는 석기 석재 동정의 오류 가 능성, 연구자에 따른 동정의 차이 등 연구 첫 단계인 석재 동정부터 여러 문제점이 있다는 것에 그 요인이 있을 것이다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 대안의 하나로 석재 환경 조사를 실시하였다. 조사 대상 지역은 상대적으로 청동기시대의 유적이 다수 발견되고 산지에서 저지로 흐르는 하천이 여럿 위치하는 등 고고학적, 지 형적 조건을 고려하여 부여 서북부 지역을 선정하였다. 석재 환경 조사는 ‘1. 조사 대상 지역 선정 → 2. 조사 지역 내 유적 출토 석기 석재의 현황 파악 → 3. 지질도 등을 통한 지질 환경 파악 및 석 재 채집 지점 선정 → 4. 현지 석재 채집 → 5. 채집 석재 동정 → 6. 석기 석재와의 비교 검토’의 순서로 진행되었으며, 총 10개 지점에서 석재를 채집하여 석재 동정 및 주변 지역 출토 석기 석재와 비교 검토를 실시하였다. 이러한 석재 환경 조사는 유적 주변에서 채집된 석재를 기준으로 유적 출토 석기 석재를 동정하기 위한 작업으로, 석재 연구에 있어 가장 문제가 되는 석재 동정에 하나의 유효한 방법이 될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of toxin genes and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood in Gwangju. A total of 335 seafood, including 163 shellfish, 97 fish, and 36 mollusk, were tested in this study. As a result, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 123 (36.7%) of 335 seafood. The tdh gene was not detected in all strains, while the trh gene was detected in 3 strains (2.4%). According to antimicrobial susceptibility test, 116 strains (94.3%) represent resistance to ampicillin, and 1 strain (0.8%) represents resistance to trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole. However, all strains were sensitive to 9 antimicrobial agents, including amikacin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and more. Therefore, the risk of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood in Gwangju is considered low, but continuous monitoring of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood is required.

This study discusses various conflict situations and unexpressed pathological potential in historical regions. In this regard, the issue of alienation of local people due to local identity was raised and the cause was investigated. It explains the structural origins of local alienation that occurred in the process of objectifying a region and forming its identity. The process of alienation of local residents of local identity identified in this paper was divided and explained in three stages: objectification of the region, symbolization of local identity, and religious materialism of local identity. In addition, in the process, the incorporation of the production mode of intellectual work, the separation of producers, and the loss of the subject-centered control ability over these products were pointed out as problematic situations. The study suggests to change the perception of the region and to restore the control of the local people through narrative in relation to this problematic situation. Thus, this thesis asserts that we need to have doubts about the justification for the public good and the basis of the resulting consensus, and that we should be constantly interested in the pathological signs of society around us.

In this study, we investigated the Indoor and Outdoor concentrations of PM10 in Y area, Jeollanam-do. We conducted personal exposure concentration estimates, and Exposure and Risk Assessments using the Time-weighted Average Model. The concentration of Indoor PM10 was 49.38 μg/m3 and that of Outdoor PM10 was 48.02 μg/m3, with the Indoor/ Outdoor Ratio value being 1 or more, and it was found that there was an indoor source of pollution. The Indoor/Outdoor Cr ratio value was 1 or more, and the source of Cr was confirmed to be indoor. Based on our analysis, there was a positive correlation between heavy metals Ni, Cr, and Mn (p<0.05). Using the Time-Weighted Average model, we determined the PM10 personal exposure concentration to be 49.36 μg/m3 and confirmed the feasibility of this model in utilizing the PM10 personal exposure concentrations. In this study, the findings are likely to provide useful data that can be used to determine the concentration of indoor pollutants that are not easy to survey. However, to accurately evaluate indoor air quality, more factors need to be considered and evaluated.

This study aimed to develop a questionnaire that is suitable for the resident-participatory ODA evaluation to minimize the bias and insufficient scientific rigor in the self-made questionnaire developed by evaluators. A modified Delphi survey was conducted twice with 16 ODA experts who had experience in international cooperative development in the fields of rural development, education, health, and poverty. Sixty-two questions were finally selected for resident-participatory ODA evaluation: 7 questions on relevance, 8 questions on efficiency, 9 questions on effectiveness, 11 questions on impact, questions on for sustainability, 4 questions on gender mainstreaming and environmental impact, and 17 questions on spillover effect on the community. A resident survey with the newly developed questionnaire will generate high-quality data that can empirically analyze the causal-effect relationship between ODA activities and performance, and community changes, and it can also contribute to the development of a quantitative ODA evaluation tool at a local level of recipient countries.

‘Roko 20’ is high-yielding, medium-maturity japonica rice variety adaptable to Romania and Turkey. It was developed and registered (Registration Nr. 6578 in ISTIS, Romania) from a cross between ‘Haedamssal’ and the salt resistant Romanian cultivar ‘Polizesti 28’ in 2021. The vegetation period of ‘Roko 20’ was 121 days in Turkey and 136 days in Romania. The culm length of ‘Roko 20’ was 80 cm, and the 1,000-grain weight of paddy rice was 31.0 g. The ripening ratio was similar to that of the control cultivar ‘Polizesti 28’ at 81%, and the proportion of amylose content of brown rice was 18.5%, which was slightly lower than that of the control cultivar ‘Polizesti 28’ (20.2%). The paddy rice yield was 18% higher than that of the control cultivar with 8,535 kg/ha. The proportion of brown rice and milled rice recovery was 81.6% and 65%, respectively. However, the head rice was slightly lower (44% in Turkey and 49% in Romania) than that in ‘Polizesti 28’ (52%).

This study was carried out to compare the DMY (dry matter yield) of IRG (Italian ryegrass) in the southern coastal regions of Korea due to seasonal climate scenarios such as the Kaul-Changma (late monsoon) in autumn, extreme winter cold, and drought in the next spring. The IRG data (n = 203) were collected from various Reports for Collaborative Research Program to Develop New Cultivars of Summer Crops in Jeju, 203 Namwon, and Yeungam from the Rural Development Administration (1993 – 2013). In order to define the seasonal climate scenarios, climate variables including temperature, humidity, wind, sunshine were used by collected from the Korean Meteorological Administration. The discriminant analysis based on 5% significance level was performed to distinguish normal and abnormal climate scenarios. Furthermore, the DMY comparison was simulated based on the information of sample distribution of IRG. As a result, in the southern coastal regions, only the impact of next spring drought on DMY of IRG was critical. Although the severe winter cold was clearly classified from the normal, there was no difference in DMY. Thus, the DMY comparison was simulated only for the next spring drought. Under the yield comparison simulation, DMY (kg/ha) in the normal and drought was 14,743.83 and 12,707.97 respectively. It implies that the expected damage caused by the spring drought was about 2,000 kg/ha. Furthermore, the predicted DMY of spring drought was wider and slower than that of normal, indicating on high variability. This study is meaningful in confirming the predictive DMY damage and its possibility by spring drought for IRG via statistical simulation considering seasonal climate scenarios.

This study was conducted at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) from 2010 to 2017 to develop a late-maturing variety with high productivity for cultivation in the southern region of South Korea. The new variety of Italian ryegrass, ‘IR901’, was a late-maturing variety, and its heading date was 22 May, 17 days later than that of the control variety ‘Kowinearly’. ‘IR901’ had a flag leaf width of 11.2 mm, flag leaf length of 31.8 cm, and plant length of 103 cm on its heading date. The combined average dry matter yield of ‘IR901’ in all three adaptability evaluation regions (Cheonan, Pyeongchang and Haenam) was 7,747 kg/ha, which was similar to that of the ‘Kowinearly’ variety (7,734 kg/ ha). However, the average dry matter yield over three years in Cheonan and Pyeongchang was 82% and 96%, respectively, compared to that of the control, which was most likely because of the poor cold tolerance of ‘IR901’. By contrast, in Haenam, in the southern region, the average dry matter yield of ‘IR901’ was 19% higher than that of the ‘Kowinearly’ variety. The proportions of crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in ‘IR901’ were 8.6%, 59.7%, 36.9%, and 54.8%, respectively; the proportions were 0.2% lower, the same, the same, and 2.5% lower than those in the ‘Kowinearly’ variety. The determined in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of ‘IR901’ was 72.2% higher than that of ‘Kowinearly’ (67.2). In general, of the two varieties, the forage quality of ‘IR901’ was marginally superior to that of ‘Kowinearly’.

본 연구의 목적은 최근 확대되고 있는 스마트시티 조성과 주민참여를 통한 지역사회 문제를 해결하기 위해 스마트시티 리빙랩의 합리적 운영모델을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 스마트시티 리빙랩 이론적 고찰 및 선행연구, 리빙랩 방법론 등을 고찰하여 스마트시티 리빙랩 운영모델 구상(안)을 제안하였다. 또한, 스마 트시티 리빙랩 운영모델은 기본방향 설정, 운영환경 구성, 거버넌스 구축, 콘텐츠개발 및 운영프로세스 구성 등 4단계로 구성하고 단계별 세부적인 운영내용을 탐색하였다. 연구결과, 기본방향 설정에서는 운영 방향 설정, 리빙랩 프로세스 정의. 단계별 운영계획 수립이 필요하며, 운영환경 구성단계는 리빙랩 환경 정의, 예산 운영관리, 사용자 정의, 기술 하부구조 설정 등의 구성이 요청된다. 거버넌스 구축단계는 거버넌스 체계구성, 운영위원회 설치가 중요하며, 콘텐츠개발 및 운영프로세스 구성단계는 다양한 리빙랩 기법을 적 용한 스마트시티 리빙랩 콘텐츠 개발과 운영방식 및 리빙랩 기법 등의 개발을 제안하였다.

본 연구는 중국을 중심으로 일상화되는 경제적 강압이 동아시아 지역 질서에 미친 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 기존의 연구가 중국 이 경제적 강압을 책략(statecraft)으로 삼는 의도와 궁극적으로 추구하 는 목적, 그리고 정책 결정 매커니즘 분석에 초점을 두었다면, 본 논문은 경제적 강압의 역내 정책전파 (policy diffusion)에 주목하며 동아시아 안보-경제 지역 질서에 미친 영향을 설명한다는 점에서 구별된다. 이를 위해, 우선 중국의 경제적 강압에 대한 선행 연구들을 검토하고, 동아시 아 경제 패권국인 중국의 지역정책과 전략을 냉전과 탈냉전 시기를 비교 하여 살펴봄으로써 중국이 동아시아에서 차지하는 구조적 지위의 변화와 지도부의 인식론적 전환을 검토한다. 이러한 경제적 강압 부상의 대내외 적 배경을 살펴본 후에, 본 논문은 동아시아에서 중국을 중심으로 형성 된 비대칭적 경제적 상호의존의 심화와 무기화, 이로 인한 경제 안보에 대한 우려, 그리고 한-일간의 갈등이 보여주는 동맹 내부의 균열로 인해 기존의 미국 중심 안보동맹 질서의 구심력이 약화 되고 있다는 점을 설 명한다. 경제적 지역 질서 측면에서는 제도에 기반한 규범과 자유로운 교역과 기술의 접근을 강조하는 자유주의 경제 질서만으로 설명하기 어 려운 ‘복합적’ 질서의 등장을 설명한다. 포괄적 경제동반자 협정(RCEP) 과 같은 다자적 경제협력과 통합의 노력은 자유주의 경제 질서의 탄력성 을 보여주지만, 동시에 중국, 일본과 같은 지역 강국들의 지속적인 경제 적 강압 정책 추진과 이로 인한 생산 다변화와 현지화, 공급망 재편, 정 부의 적극적 지원정책과 같은 국가주의적 특성도 강화되고 있다는 점을 설명한다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로, 본 논문은 중국을 포함 지역 강 국들의 경제적 강압 선택에 대한 비용을 높여 실질적으로 억제할 수 있 는 제도 마련이 시급하다는 점과 동아시아 지역 질서에 주는 함의를 결 론에서 논의하고 마무리한다.

쿼드 2.0의 출현은 미국의 인도-태평양 안보 협력에 새로운 구도를 형 성하기 시작했음을 보여주는 대표적 사례라 할 수 있다. 2007년 이후 중 국의 경제 부상과 함께 나타난 군사 비용의 증가는 미국뿐만 아니라 중 국 주변국 모두에게 공동의 위협으로 인식되기에 충분했다. 중국이 지역 패권 강국으로 성장했음에도 미국이 중국을 견제하기 위해 인도-태평양 지역에 안보 역량을 집중하기에는 쉽지 않은 실정이다. 이에 미국은 인 도-태평양지역 동맹국을 중심으로 안보 협력체를 구성하고, 지역 안정화 와 미국의 이익을 지속시키기 위해 노력하고 있다. 특히, 쿼드와 말라바 르 훈련은 기존의 미국 중심의 안보 노력을 지역 행위자들의 공동 노력 으로 전환시키면서 동맹국들에게 지역 행위자로서의 책임감을 부여함과 동시에 미국의 안보 비용 절감을 가져왔다. 그리고 이를 통해 인도-태평 양지역에서의 영향력 유지와 중국 견제를 이어오고 있다.