This nutritional survey was conducted from February 8 to March 10, 1994, in order to investigate the nutritional knowledge, food habits, nutritional attitude, food preferences and nutrient intakes of urban middle-aged women living in Daegu and Pohang district. The subjects of this survey were 164 urban middle-aged women living in Daegu and Pohang Area. The completely answered questionnaires were analyzed for nutritional knowledge, food habits, nutritional attitude, food preference and nutrient intakes of urban middle-aged women. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The subjects had a high level of perceived knowledge (82.9%), that is the knowledge that each subject believed she had, but the accuracy of the knowledge was only 66.1%. The average nutrition knowledge score was 8.26 out of possible 15 points, and food habit score was 5.50 out of 10 points. Most of the subjects belonged to 'Fair' or 'Good' food habit group, which is considered to be relatively good. With increasing age, the percentage of perceived knowledge, accuracy, and nutrition knowledge score were getting lower. But food habit score and nutritional attitude score were getting higher at 40's women than 30's women. The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and food habit score was low (r=0.0748). The correlation between nutritional attitude score and food habit score was low, too (r=-0.0653). Food preferences for kimchi, potato, cooked rice, beef, noodle, cabbage and milk were high. Average calorie and protein intake of the subjects were 1967.4±27.8 Kcal, 75.8±1.4 g respectively. Carbohydrate, protein and fat ratio on energy composition was 63.3%:15.5%:21.2%.

오대산 국립공원지역의 지형을 파악하기 위하여 1:50.000 지형도를 입력하여 100×100m 격자의 수치고도모델을 구축하였다. 오대산 국립공원 전체의 55%가 900m 이상인 고지로 되어 있고. 비로봉 자연보전지역은 90%가, l,100m 이상인 고산지역이다. 경사 20˚이상인 지역이 70% 정도로 험준한 산악지역이며, 경사향은 주로 동향과 서향으로 나타나고 있다.

대산공단과 군산공단의 대기오염에 의한 삼림피해현상을 연구하기 위하여 조사구를 각각 5개, 3개씩 설치하였다(1개 조사구 당 면적 500m2). 대산공단 삼림의 교목층 아교목층의 우점종은 소나무와 곰솔이었고 관목층에서는 진달래와 참나무류가 우점종이었다. 종다양도는 0.4859~0.9202 이었으며, 조사구간의 차이가 심하게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 4.67~5.12로 약산성이었다. 대산공단지역에서는 아직 대기오염에 의한 삼림의 피해가 심각하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 군산공단삼림의 교목층 및 아교목층의 우점종은 곰솔과 소나무이었다. 종다양도는 0.8115~l.0983이었고 오염원과 가까운 조사구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 4.32~4.76으로 강산성이었다. 군산공단의 오염원 인근삼림은 울산공단과 유사한 피해양상으로 심각한 피해를 받고 있었다.

In this survey, we investigated the way of thinking about meal management of housewives including the sincerity to meal preparation, the eating practices and cronic degenerative diseases related dietary behaviors, and studied the effects of above factors on the real food intakes. We also investigated the trends of health-foods and nutrient supplements usage. The results obtained from 506 housewives in Seoul were summarized as follows. Although our subjects prepared their meals habitually without special concern, they did not prefer the use of convenient foods. The food prefrence of housewivess who had more child and refered higher life status was similar with other family members. The dietary attitudes were good in large family, the higher income and the more child group. The highly educated group skipped breakfast more frequently. The mealmanagers with better education career and good living status considered for the restriction of salty foods, sweet foods, animal fats and pungent foods, and for the nutritionally balanced diet. The high income group showed great concerns about weight gain at meal times. The nutritional qualities expressed by the frequency of food group intakes were high in the better educated and living status groups, and their eating frequencies of animal protein foods and calcium sources were significantly high. Mealmanagers who had no job intaked vegetable oils through frying foods frequently. The use of health-foods and nutrient supplements was influenced by age, educational and economic level and self-estimated living status, but the trends in prevalence of both were not consistent. Health-foods were prefered by the groups of high educational career, affluent income and advanced living status, and low educational career, low income and low living status groups favored the nutrient supplements. The restrictive intake of animal fat and the use of health-food were positively correlated, which seemed that the subjects used health-foods as supplements in compensation for nutritional unbalance caused by the avoidance of animal protein foods.

This study was conducted for the purpose of practice of nutrition education and dietary intake for college students. This survey was carried out through a variety of questionnaires by the subjects which consist of 249 male and 208 female college students in Seoul area. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. 75% of the subjects lived in their own houses; the monthly personal expenses were 110~200 thousand wons. The appetite of the students who answered was normal in general. The pattern of dietary life shows that they take richer food at dinner than lunch and breakfast. 2. At school, 75% of students ate at the school cafeteria. Among several main dishes, rice was the most favorite food. Most of the subjects ate their lunch between 12 and 1 o'clock, and they spend approximately 11 to 15 minutes. Most of the students did not have lunch on time. The students ate lunch irregularly, because of the class schedule and poor appetite. 3. On weekends and vacations, 56% of the students ate lunch prepared by their mother at home. The two main reasons for skipping lunch during weekends and vacations were late breakfast and poor appetite. The frequency of eating out were 3~4 times per week, because of social life and convenience of meal. 4. The majority of college students asked for the improvement of meal quality and the choice of menu in school cafeteria.

This study aims 1) to estimate the form of living house of pre-urbanization of Inchon, and 2) to ensure originality of to be achieve urban plan and living space plan which is base on local character by 3) arranging changed character of living space through the urbanization sequence by invest of house in natural village at Pupyung. The character of arranging living space of house at Pupyung is placing Sarang-chae(husband's block of house) instead of making another Haenrang-chae (visitor's block of house) and Sarang-chae is attach importance to Man's living space but today, have disappearing the uses of Sarang-bang (husband's living space) because by Man lives An-bang(originally woman's space). The character of plan is arranging room in both side of Maru(wooden living floor) in spite of different structure, and the uses of plan or room is changing to fit to purpose of according to environment of living. Generally, the structure is made by natural stone and cubed column, and used smaller member cause by rare wood material.

The purpose of this study was to survey several aspects of food-related knowledge, attitude and behavior of college students. Seven hundred male and female students in Seoul and Kyunggi-do area were randomly selected. And self-administered questionnaires were used. It was consisted of weight concern, nutritional knowledge, meal frequency, preference of snacks and psychological aspects of eating behaviors. The results were as followes: 1. The 66.5% of males and 87.9% of females were concerned about weight control. While 42% of male respondents wanted weight gain and 43% weight loss, most of female respondents wanted to lose weight. 2. The score of nutritional knowledge of males was significantly lower than the score of females (p<0.01). 3. The meal frequency was 3.4 times a day for male students and 3.6 for female students. But males showed higher frequency rates in three regular meals and females showed higher rates in snacking. Both male and female students considered that supper was the most important meal of the day and skipped breakfast frequently. 4. Fruits, beverage and milk were favorite snacking items for college students. But there were some differences in selection of food items by snacking time. Carbonated drinks and coffee were frequently selected by morning male and female snackers. Noodles and cookies were preferred by males and cookies were preferred by females as afternoon snack. Fruits were most often preferred by both males and females in the evening. 5. Physical tiredness and/or psychological factors were observed to influence the amount of food intake. After increase of food intake, male students felt more comfortable than female students who were afraid of their weight gain.

To select the highest yield soiling type forage, the yield performance of selected sorghum-sudangrass hybrids imported in 1992 have been evaluated at Chonnam region. The soiling type hybrids used in this experiment were TE-haygrazer, FP-5 Sudan, Sweet sio

This study researched microbial change of quality according to the various phases of product flow of cooked pea and rice, cold cucumber and seaweed soup, soybean sprouts japchae feeding urban type of a commissary school and a satellite school in Daejeon area, also it suggested the possibility that the central commissary foodservice system can be established and utilized more developmental to identify its food of variation of temperature and state of safety unitl 3 hours after cooking for the case of delay of distribution and holding because of the satellite school of geographical location and traffic problem. The critical Control Points identified for each category of menu items were: Boiled pea and rice: inadequate distribution, holding and storing before assembly; Cold cucumber and seaweed soup: pre-preparation and post-preparation after cooking; Soybean sprouts japchae: Pre-preparation, post-preparation and storing. As the result of observation of the variation of temperature and microbial safety according to the delay of distribution and holding for each food, all of them were relatively safe until 3 hours after cooking, but cold cucumber and seaweed soup being stored for 3 hours, the value of E. coli is 103 CFU/g. The variation of temperature was more extreme in soybean sprouts japchae than cooked pea and rice and cold cucumber and seaweed soup. It was proved that the stainless container was excellent and that adequate holding container should be used.

주왕산지역 금은광이-주왕계곡에 이르는 계곡부(해발 470~780m)의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 산림구조를 조사하기 위하여 해발고와 사면부위에 따라 48개 조사구를 설치조사하였다. 해발고가 높아질수록 교목층 밀도와 흉고단면적이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 신갈나무, 물푸레나무 등이었으며 감소하는 수종은 소나무, 생강나무 등이었다. 사면하부에서 상부로 갈수록 중요치가 증가하는 수종은 굴참나무, 생강나무 둥이었으며 감소하는 수종은 물푸레나무, 고로쇠나무 등이었다. 종다양도는 계곡상부와 사면하부에서 높게 나타났다. 계곡정부를 제외한 해발고대간 유사도지수는 74.4~84.2%, 사면부위별 유사도지수는 68.0~96.3%로써 해발고보다 사면부위에 따른 종구성 상태의 차이가 심한 것으로 나타났다. 수종별 중요치에 의하여 cluster 분석한 결과 사면하부의 소나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 사면중, 상부의 소나무-굴참나무군집, 계곡정부의 소나무군집으로 구분되었다.

단일 조사구에 의한 삼림군집구조 조사시 관목층의 적정 조사구 면적을 결정하기 위하여 주왕산지역 소나무림의 관목층을 대상으로 nested design에 의하여 19개의 조사구를 설치한 후 종수-면적 곡선, performance curve 등을 적용하였다. 종수-면적 곡선에 있어서 조사구 면적의 증가율보다 출현종수의 증가율이 낮은 최소 조사구 면적은 900m2이었으며, 조사구 면적의 증가율에 비하여 출현종수의 증가율이 1/2 이하인 최소 조사구 면적은 1,500m2이었다. Performance curve를 작성한 결과 조사구 면적 1,400m2 이상에서 주요 수종의 중요치가 일정한 경향으로 구분되었다. 전체 조사구 면적에 대한 유사도지수는 조사구 면적 900m2, 625m2 이상에서 각각 90, 85% 이상의 값을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 보다 정확성을 요구할 경우 관목층의 적정 조사구 면적은 대체로 1,500m2라고 할 수 있었다.

주왕산국립공원 이전동 절터지역을 중심으로 삼림군집구조 분석을 실시하기 위해 24개소에 조사구(각 l0×10m)를 설치하고 식생조사를 실시하여 TWINSPAN과 ordination기법의 일종인 DCA를 적용하여 분석하였다. 전체 24개 조사구는 DCA에 의해 졸참나무-굴참나무군집 졸참나무-소나무군집, 신갈나무-생강나무군집, 까치 박달-당단풍군집, 그리고 고로쇠나무군집의 5개 군집으로 분리되었다. 삼림군집구조분석결과 추정되는 천이계열은 교목충에서 소나무→졸참나무, 굴참나무, 신갈나무→까치박달, 서어나무, 고로쇠나무로, 아교목층에서는 진달래, 철쭉→당단풍, 생강나무 순으로 예측되었다. 그러나 일부지역에서는 신갈나무가 토지극상으로 발전될 가능성을 보였다.

1994년 2월부터 10월까지 3차에 걸쳐 주왕산국립공원지역의 관속식물상을 조사한 바 94과, 260속, 365종, 60변종, 2아종, 5품종 및 1재배품종 등 모두 433 종류의 식물을 정리하였다. 이 중에서 27종류는 인공식재된 것으로 파악되었으며, 이들은 주로 사찰 주변이나 폐농경지 주변에 생육하고 있다. 주왕산국립공원지역에는 우리나라에서 위기종으로 분류되어 보호를 받고 있는 식물 중 깽깽이풀이 분포하고 있는 자생지를 파악하였으며, 앞으로 장기적인 모니터링을 위하여 이들 개체의 생육위치를 도면화하였다. 깽갱이풀의 자생지는 기존의 등산로와 바로 인접해 있기 때문에 앞으로 적절한 보호조치가 요망된다. 또한 기존에 희귀식물로 보고된 바 있는 망개나무, 둥근잎꿩의비름과 솔나리를 관찰할 수 있었으나, 우단꼭두서니, 돈잎꿩의다리, 노랑무늬붓꽃 및 구와꼬리풀 등은 관찰하지 못했다.

목장에서 가축음용수 빛 세척수로 사용하는 목장용수에 대한 위생화학척 상태률 계절척으로 조사하기 위하여 강훤도 및 충청도에 소재한 유우목장 58 곳에서 채취한 목장용수에 대하여 pH, 총경도, 과망간산칼륨소비량, 질산성 질소, 암모니아성 질소, 염소이온, 황산이온, 불소, 철, 납, 카드융, 아연, 망간, 동 및 크롬올 봄과 여름 2 회 조사하였다. 충남지역과 강원지역 목장용수의 pH 는각각 6.49:t 0.09, 6.70 :t 0.06 이었으며， 총경도 9O.2l:t 7.07, 64.53:t 6.38 mg/l, KMn04 소비량 4.13:t 0.62, 4.34 :t 0.26 mg/l , 질산성질소 6.51:t 0.55, 3.6l:t 0.58 mg/l , 염소이온 20.51 :t 1.99, 5.41 :t 1.36 mg/l 그리고 황산이온 6.61 :t 1.02, 7.28:t 1.30 m g/l이었으며, 암모니아성 질소는 거의 검출되지 않았다. 검사한 중금속 불소, 철, 납, 카드륨, 아연, 망간, 동 및 크롬은 검출되지 않았거나 극미량만 검출되었다. 검사항목간의 관계를 비교하면 총갱도, 철산성질소, 염소이용 및 황산이 옹은 검사항목간 상관관계를 나타내었다. 검사항목 중 충남과 강훤 목장용수간 지역켜 차이률 나타낸 항목은 총갱도, 질산성질소 및 염소이온이였으며, 봄과 여름에 차이를 나타낸 항목은 질산성질소 뿐이었다.

This study was surveyed by 319 male and 336 female college students in Seoul for food behavior and effect of Western food on food life. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The recognition of Korean folk food was higher in female than male students. 2. Eating type of college students appeared that they prefered to cooked rice at breakfast, lunch, and dinner because of a general food type of their family. 3. The favorite food items in college students showed fruits in female and meat in male. 4. Eating out type with family appeared mainly Korean food, because of their preference. 5. The 29% of college students visited fast food restaurants more than 1~2 times per week. 6. In compared to Western food, the Korean food were favored by college students but cooking process of food were complicated. 7. The preference of Korean food against Western food was mostly higher in male than female. 8. The standard of food choice were taste and convenience of food. 9. Main factor of food habit change appeared convenience of buying easily. 10. The influence of the Western food in our food behavior were easy to buying but not fit our preference. 11. Opinion of students in order to keep Korean food were follows; Various food development, enlargement of consumption market, correct education about Korean food and change of people consciousness through consumer campaign.

조사대상자의 식습관은 서울지역의 식습관이 조금 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 조사대상자의 영양지식 정도는 지역간의 차이를 보이지 않았고, 패스트 푸트점의 이용은 면류점을 가장 많이 이용하였으며 그 외에 햄버기점, 후라이드치킨점을 많이 이용하였다. 지역간의 차이는 서울지역에서 김천에 비하여 좀 더 많이 이용하였다. 패스트 푸드점의 이용 목적은 햄버거점, 피자전문점과 면류점은 한끼 식사용으로, 후라이드치킨점은 간식용과 한끼 식사용으로 이용하고 있었고, 아이스크림점은 간식용이나 음료용으로 많이 이용하고 있었다 패스트 푸드점의 이용 이유는 음식을 먹기 간편하고, 친구들과 어울릴 수 있는 장소로서 이용되고, 장소가 쾌적하고 용기가 위생적이며 시간에 구애 받지 않고, 음식이 신속히 준비되는 등의 이유가 가장 많았다. 패스트 푸드를 한번에 먹는 양은 식사가 될 정도로 많이 먹는 경우가 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 식사 사이의 간식 정도나 약간 적다고 느껴질 정도였다. 패스트 푸드 음식 선택시 고려되는 사항은 기호와 가격이 가장 높았고 그 외에 음식이 준비되는 시간과 보기 좋은 것을 선택하였다. 조사대상자의 한달 용돈과 외식비는 서울지역이 높았다. 이것은 외식이 가능한 음식점의 지역적인 밀집도와 지역적이 식습관의 차이와 외식문화에 대 한 지역간의 식습관의 차이등을 들 수 있다.