우리나라의 해양교육은 세계 5위의 해양강국이라는 명성에 비해 매우 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 해양교육의 운영현황을 파악하고, 해양교육을 체계적이고 효율적으로 운영하기 위한 방안으로 모듈식 해양교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 특히, 부산지역을 중심으로 한 해양교육 모듈식 프로그램을 제시하였다. 또한 효과적인 해양교육이 이루어질 수 있도록 상호연관성이 있는 모듈을 조합한 형태의 해양교육코스를 제안하였으며, 이는 향후 해양교육의 후속사업의 토대를 마련하는 계기가 될 뿐 아니라 부산지역의 해양교육에서 우리나라 전 지역으로 확대하여 해양강국으로서의 해양의식 함양 및 해양교육을 활성화하는데 이바지할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of heavy metal concentrations in the blood and urine of the general population. This research had been conducted from April to December 2008, studying 545 residents of Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Through the concentrations of heavy metals(Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Mn) in the biota samples and questionnaires, the residents heavy metal exposure level and the influential factors according to personal characteristics or lifestyle were evaluated. As to the heavy metal concentration in the blood and urine of the comparing region, were As and Mn statistically significant(p<0.01, p<0.05). Blood lead and urinary mercury concentrations were higher in males than females. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased blood mercury. The concentration of all heavy metals were higher in the drinkers than in the non-drinkers. Blood lead and mercury concentrations were higher in the smokers than in the non-smokers, but the urinary cadmium, arsenic and blood manganese was higher in the non-smokers than in the smokers. As to the blood lead and urinary cadmium concentration according to the food preference fish showed high concentration. To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in biota among subjects multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a results, it turned out that as to lead content in blood, sex, age and smoking have influence on the subjects with explanatory adequacy of 14.0 %. These results demonstrated that the factors affected the concentrations of heavy metals in blood and urine. The results of this study could be used as the foundational data for setting the health risk assessment.

본 연구에서는 계층적 Bayesian 기법을 이용한 새로운 지역빈도해석 모형을 개발하는데 목적이 있으며 이를 통해서 신뢰성 있는 매개변수를 추정과 동시에 지역빈도해석 절차의 불확실성 평가를 용이하게 접근할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안되는 계층적 Bayesian 기반 지역빈도해석 모형(HBRFA)의 적합성을 평가하기 위해서 모의실험을 수행하였다. 즉, 10개의 모의 관측소를 대상으로 Monte-Carlo 모의를 통한 평가를 수행하였으며 전체적으로 HBRFA 모형이 기존 L-모멘트 방법에 비해 편의를 줄여주는 것으로 평가되었다. 특히 재현기간이 증가될수록 편의가 두드러지게 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 전라북도의 6개 강우지점을 대상으로 HBRFA 모형과 기존 L-모멘트 기반 지역빈도해석 결과를 비교하였다. 계층적 Bayesian 모형의 특징을 평가하고자 매개변수의 Shrinkage 과정을 정량적으로 도출하여 제시하였으며 추정된 지역확률강수량이 기존 L-모멘트 기법과 유사한 결과를 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 더불어 빈도별 확률강수량의 불확실성을 정량적으로 제시할 수 장점을 확인할 수 있었다.

한반도를 포함한 동아시아 지역은 여름철에 수문기상학적 극치사상에 취약한 지역이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대표적인 동아시아 지역의 대기순환 패턴인 Pacific-Japan (PJ) 패턴을 중심으로 북서태평양 지역의 태풍 활동 특성을 분석하였다. 특히, 한반도에 영향을 미치는 태풍을 중심으로 낙동강 유역의 태풍에 의해 유발된 여름철(June-September) 강수의 지역적 특성 변화를 진단하였다. 분석 결과, 양(+)의 PJ 기간에 발생하는 대기순환패턴의 변화는 태풍의 활동에 보다 유리한 작용을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 한반도에 영향을 미치는 태풍에 대한 진로 분석 결과, 양(+) PJ 기간동안 태풍이 주로 남서쪽으로 향하는 경향이 있으며, 음(-)의 PJ 기간에는 북동쪽으로 향하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 태풍 진로의 전향점(recurving location)은 양(+)의 PJ 기간에는 보다 북서쪽에 위치하며, 음(-)의 PJ 기간에는 보다 북동쪽에 치우쳐 있음이 분석되었다. 따라서, 음(-)의 PJ기간 보다 양(+)의 PJ 기간에 태풍의 활동이 활발하며, 낙동강유역에서 태풍에 의한 강수가 통계적으로 유의한 증가패턴이 뚜렷하게 발생하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

This study was carried out to evaluation of biomass generation mechanisms and to propose the estimation method of biomass generation. Agricultural by-product biomass is generated during crops cultivation and after harvest. However these are not uniformly generated yearly and these depending on the seasons. For planning of biomass utilization, accurate information of the biomass resources is needed, especially characteristic and productivity of biomass are necessary. Agricultural by-product biomass are generated in a wide area being scattered and it is one of the major reason why agricultural biomass utilization is not activated compared with other waste biomass. In this study, estimation and evaluation biomass generation is achieved in specific spatial and temporal boundary, A-city in Gyeongi–do and september to November respectively. Quantity and quality of by-product biomass show big difference depending on the crop species and cultivation periods and these difference bring up that accurate biomass estimation should be considered during planning of biomass utilization and technology selecting for biomass converting to energy and other forms.

본 연구에서는 지역기후모델(RegCM4)로 모의한 남한지역에서의 월 평균기온 및 최고/최저기온 자료의 모의수준을 개선하기 위해 모델의 모의자료와 남한의 59개 관측지점자료를 이용하여 선형 회귀식을 개발하였다. RegCM4의 25년(1981~2005년) 모의자료 중 20년(1981~2000년)의 자료를 이용하여 선형 회귀식을 개발하고 그 결과를 남은 5년(2001~2005년)에 적용하여 모의수준 향상을 평가하였다. 선형 회귀식은 RegCM4가 모의한 지상 2m 기온자료를 예측인자로 이용하는 방법(LR_T2m)과 모델의 잠재예측인자 중 관측기온(평균, 최고/최저)과 가장 높은 상관성을 보이는 예측인자를 선택하는 방법(LR_Corr)으로 나누어 연구를 수행하였다. 전반적으로 선형 회귀 기법들은 지리적 위치, 계절 및 변수에 관계없이 기온의 정확도를 크게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그 결과 RegCM4의 각 계절별 평균기온 및 최고/최저기온 모의결과에서 나타나는 여름철 내륙에서의 한랭편이와 겨울철 해안가의 온난편이 현상을 크게 감소시켜 관측과 유사한 공간분포를 보였다. 선형 회귀 기법 2가지 모두 계절별 평균기온 및 최고/최저기온의 공간상관계수, 편이 그리고 평균제곱근오차를 계절에 관계없이 각각 0.90 이상, -0.68℃ 및 1.35℃ 이하로 향상시키는 성능을 보였다. 하지만 LR_T2m 기법과 LR_Corr 기법은 매우 유사한 성능을 보여 두 기법 간의 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

Land suitability assessment assesses development, farming, and conservation suitability, considering land's soil, location, and possibility for use. It also implement segmentation of management regions into production, conservation, and plan management area. It is evaluated as a very significant system in establishing a land use system of sustainable development and development after planning in the aspect that it can establish proper land use plan. This study developed a recommendation model for development in agent-based model that interacts with surrounding lands. It also tried to summarize the area characteristic analysis and the results of land suitability evaluation, targeting three ri's in Yesan-Gun, and analyze the model's applicability by selection results. In order to recommend area for development that considers the use of the surrounding lands, it calculated development possibility indices that considered the ratings of all the lands in the target areas for each parcel and simulated the model. As a result, selected three areas in target region were suitable areas for development in land suitability assessment. In detail, ratings of the recommended parcels were 3, 4, and 5 ratings. As a result of examining the land status, it showed that all the three areas were plan management areas, thus easy for development. It is judged that the model for recommending area for development suggested in this study can be used as important basic data for setting the direction for development when establishing a regional planning.

본 연구는 다문화가족 지원을 목적으로 하는 대표적 다문화기관인 다문화가족지원센터에 근무하는 인력의 다문화 역량 및 서비스 질의 관계를 탐색하고 전문성 증진을 위한 교육훈련방안 등에 관한 함의를 고찰하기 위함이다. 현재 정부의 다문화정책은 다문화가족에 대한 사회적 지원을 중심으로 하는 사회통합정책으로 평가되고 있다. 이에 지역사회에서 다문화가족의 사회적응 지원에 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있는 서울·경기지역 다문화가족지원센터에 근무하는 인력 157명을 대상으로 서비스 질과 다문화 역량 변인들의 관계를 실증 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 다문화가족지원센터의 인력은 전문자격증 소지자들로 다문화가족의 사회적응 교육 및 종합적인 지원 업무를 수행하고 있으며 서비스 질과 다문화 역량이 높은 편이다. 특히 다문화 역량의 특성은 일반적 변인, 전문인력 변인, 교육 변인에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났고, 서비스 질은 학력, 자격증, 다문화 교육 시간 등에 따라 유의미한 정적 관계가 나타났다. 그리고 다문화가족지원센터 인력의 교육과 근무기간 등의 특성과 다문화 역량 요인인 지식과 기술이 서비스 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음이 나타났다. 이에 다문화가족지원센터 종사자의 다문화 역량 증진과 서비스 질 강화를 위한 교육훈련, 인력양성체계 등 전문성 제고 방안을 제언하였다.

Korean population has been rapidly aging. Most of people regard the aging population as future crisis due to the rate of change and agree to prepare for a soft-landing on aging society in South Korea. Particularly, the aging population growth in rural areas is much faster than urban areas. Also rural areas relatively have poorer social and economic conditions so the countermeasures for population aging considering related social and economic indices are required. Moreover, each rural region has the different preparedness level for rural aging based on regional socio-economic characteristics. In this study, we analyzed correlations of the rural aging rate and local characteristics and developed an evaluation index to show the regional preparedness status for rural aging. To test the applicability of developed indicators, we applied them to 161 rural regions and assessed regional preparedness level for rural aging. This study would provide basic data for establishing policies for rural aging.

Recently, brick walls are being widely introduced in rural areas. Walls are a very important design element of space. However, most brick wall works do not consider the human psychological characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological characteristics on brick wall bonds such as the stack bond, running bond, english bond, flemish bond, america bond. The results of the research can be summarized as follows: 1)There is no statistical difference of psychological evaluation results among student groups using the semantic differential scale method using 10 adjectives. 2)Stack bonds have an uninspiring, artificial, simple, restful, boring and ordered psychological characteristic. Running bonds have an uninspiring, restful and ordered psychological characteristic. America bonds have a unique and modernistic psychological characteristic. English bonds have a unique, modernistic, complex and chaotic psychological characteristic. Flemish bonds have no critical psychological characteristics. 3)The running bond earned the highest score in preference, while the stack bond scored the lowest. Employment of brick wall bonds on this study was not highly preferred, hence it is necessary to develop a new brick wall bond design. 4)In conclusion, the proper selection of brick wall bonds is very important and we should consider human psychological characteristics in the design of rural areas.

The purpose of this study is to approach for the flow analysis of changing central-place functions and basic demands between the central city and the small town. Under the rural society progressed, this study examines how the small town changes in the relation to the central city. The subject of study is based on changes in demand for retail and hospitality. The small town is providing basic demands and urban services primary for the rural in the settlement system. Because of the rural depopulation and the aging of society, Retail and hospitality in the rural is reducing of the facility followed. But the majority of related researches are stocks approach. These studies are useful to find out the characteristic of small town, but is difficult to consider the influence of the central city. In this situation after this study using the function index is set up a concept model, it examines for the basis of changes in demand for the small town. The result of the analysis is that the changes of retail and hospitality are more severe in the more small town than in the central city. Whereas the small town with a population decline is consistent with the reduced number of branches, Population growth in the central city is reduced to the number of the Number of branches. The central-place function has been strengthened in the central city. While the younger generation, recreation, etc. related retail are disappearing rapidly, the mainstream of small town is grocery, home improvement, restaurants.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the community center users' the determinants of utilization & satisfaction for the exploit and to draw out the implication as to what are the influencing factors. The ordered logit model approach was used to examine the determinants. For the use of community center, we surveyed by mail subjecting on rural residents for one month, June 2012, analyzed 625 valid questionnaires. The findings are as follows. First, 'Facility-Satisfaction', 'Education', 'Exploit-Frequency' and 'Age' are the most important factors which affect users' satisfaction. Second, 'A meeting hall function', 'Cultural & Educational function', 'Social & Organizational function', and 'functional criticality function' influence the attributes of users' utilization. Therefore, it is needed to establish the various functions of community center and to prepare the vitalization plan in futuristic viewpoint reflecting the change of rural area. In addition, since there is no clear entity to supervise community center administratively, policy support system to community center should be equipped. Along with these, it is needed to develop managing and operation model for customized community center.

This study postulates a partial mediation model(study model I) and a whole mediation model(study model II) to examine the effect on endogenous rural development of local innovation capability strengthening in the local industry promotion project, the establishment of promotion system, and the revitalization of local economy. To accomplish study purposes, 169 response samples from 85 project groups which drive the local industry promotion project were verified using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0. The results showed that in the partial mediation model, the local innovation capability strengthening had a significantly positive effect on the establishment of promotion system, the establishment of promotion system had a significant effect on the revitalization of local economy, and the revitalization of local economy had a significant effect on the endogenous rural development, while the establishment of promotion system and local innovation capability strengthening didn't have effect on the endogenous rural development. In the whole mediation model, the local innovation capability strengthening had a significant effect on the revitalization of local economy, the establishment of promotion system on the revitalization of local economy, and the revitalization of local economy on the endogenous rural development. According to the verifications of study model I and II, the endogenous rural development is achieved after the revitalization of local economy through the establishment of promotion system and the local innovation capability strengthening. From these results, this study presents suggestions, limits of study and directions in the future study.

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of topsoil from forest development area. The results of physicochemical properties of topsoil from forest development area shown on the average loamy sand~sandy clay loam in soil texture, 5.3~7.1 in pH, 0.02~0.18 dS/m in EC, 0.7~1.8% in OM, 0.03~0.11% in T-N, 11~15 cmol+/kg in CEC, 0.02~0.04 cmol+/kg in K+, 4.51~8.18 cmol+/kg in Ca2+, 0.93~2.77 cmol+/kg in Mg2+, 6~49 mg/kg in available phosphate. And the results of physicochemical properties of topsoil from forest non-development area shown on the average sandy loam~sandy clay loam in soil texture, 4.4~5.3 in pH, 0.03~0.05 dS/m in EC, 3.1~4.6% in OM, 0.13~0.23% in T-N, 14~18 cmol+/kg in CEC, 0.02~0.04 cmol+/kg in K+, 0.78~3.82 cmol+/kg in Ca2+, 0.29~1.31 cmol+/kg in Mg2+, 3~31 mg/kg in Av. P2O5. On the other hand, forest development area of topsoil sand content higher than 8~18% sand content than the forest non-development area. This trend is thought to be the absence of topsoil management development projects. Consequently, the results suggested a high potential of recycling of the topsoil from forest non-development area for planting soil. Therefore, in construction of the conservation and management of topsoil from forest non-development area is very important.

This study presented the phytoplankton communities of the three lakes (Sayeon, Daeam, Hoeya ) using for drinking water in the Ulsan reservoir. The water storage of the Lake Sayeon, Daeam and Hoeya were 25 , 13, 21 million ton respectively and most of which were being utilized for industrial and residential purposes. The total precipitation of the Ulsan region in 2010 was 1,162 ㎜, decreasing 10 % from 1,275 ㎜ of the annual. As for pollutant loads, BOD and TN discharge loads of Daeam was the highest with 3,277 ㎏/day, 1,931 ㎏/day and 90 % of them were came from non-point pollutant sources. TP discharge loads showed the highest in the lake Hoeya with 643 ㎏/day and 97 % of them were came from point sources as household, industry and livestock. We assessed water quality of the lake Sayeon, Daeam and Hoeya using 17 variables. The water quality assessment found that the lake Daeam met the fourth to fifth grade because of high concentration of COD, SS and chlorophyll-a. Eutrophication assessment was conducted by revised Carlson's Index (TSIm, Aizaki) and found that Lake Daeam was more eutrophicated than the other two lakes all the year through as for chlorophyll-a, transparency and the total phosphorus (TP). A total of 95~111 phytoplankton species were identified from the three lake samples. Among them, the largest number of species were Chlorophyceae with 35~51, followed by Bacillariophyceae with 36~45, Cyanophyceae with 9~11, and Cryptophyceae with 6~9 species. The total cell number of phytoplankton was the highest in February (15,254 cells/ mL) with Bacillariophyceae in the lake Daeam and the seasonal succession shows that Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus spp.) in the spring, Cyanophyceae (Anabaena spp.) in the summer and the autumn, Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus spp.) in the winter.

본 연구에서는 하천 범람에 따른 도시지역 내 홍수흐름의 특성을 수치적으로 모의하고 이에 대한 결과를 분석하였다. 적용된 수치모형은 well-balanced HLLC 기법에 근간을 둔 2차원 유한체적모형이다. 대상영역은 경상남도 거제시에 위치한 고현천 주변의 도시지역으로 2003년 9월에 발생한 태풍 “매미” 기간 동안 집중호우로 인해 하천이 범람되어 피해가 발생되었다. 본 연구에서는 도시지역 내 범람에 대한 홍수흔적 자료를 이용하여 수치모형을 검증하였으며, 향후 발생 가능한 집중호우의 강도의 증가 또는 감소에 의한 유입량의 변화에 따른 도시지역 내에서의 홍수흐름의 특성에 대한 모의 및 분석을 수행하였다.

This paper describes hierarchical semantic map building using the classified area information in home environments. The hierarchical semantic map consists of a grid, CAIG (Classified Area Information in Grid), and topological map. The grid and CAIG maps are used for navigation and motion selection, respectively. The topological map provides the intuitive information on the environment, which can be used for the communication between robots and users. The proposed semantic map building algorithm can greatly improve the capabilities of a mobile robot in various domains, including localization, path-planning and HRI (Human-Robot Interaction). In the home environment, a door can be used to divide an area into various sections, such as a room, a kitchen, and so on. Therefore, we used not only the grid map of the home environment, but also the door information as a main clue to classify the area and to build the hierarchical semantic map. The proposed method was verified through various experiments and it was found that the algorithm guarantees autonomous map building in the home environment.

This paper analyzed the CO2 emission of existing buildings with reconstruction and reusing in the declined residential area of Jeonju old town. The average CO2 emission to square meter of residential buildings in Jeonju is 1.7tCO2/m2.

This paper analyzed the CO2 emission of existing buildings with reconstruction and reusing in declined commercial area of Jeonju old town. The average CO2 emission to square meter of commercial buildings in Junju is 1.4tCO2/m2.