이 연구의 목적은 중학교 2학년 물의 순환과 일기의 변화 단원에 대해 STS의 한 방법인NIE 수업자료를 개발하여 학생들에게 처치한 후, NIE가 학업 성취도와 과학 관련 태도에 미치는 효과를 조사하고 학습 방법과 학생들의 학업 능력 수준간의 상호 작용 효과를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구대상은 서울시 동작구에 소재한 여자 중학교 2학년 4개 반을 임의로 선정했고, 학급별로 실험집단과 통제집단에 2학급씩 무작위로 배치하였다. 실험 집단에서는 교사가 관련 개념을 6차시동안 간략하게 강의하고 나머지 7차시동안 개발한 NIE 수업자료로 수업하였고, 통제 집단에서는 전통적인 교과서 위주의 강의식 수업을 하였다. NIE 수업은 Iowa Chautauqua Program에서 활용한 문제로의 초대, 탐색 , 설명, 해결방안의 제시 단계에 따라 진행하였고, STS 학습 지도 전략 중 과학에서 출발하는 접근법으로 프로젝트학습, 토픽학습, 낱말 맞추기 퍼즐 등의 NIE 수업자료를 개발 활용하였다. 학업 성취도 검사 도구는 차시별 수업 목표를 고려하여 연구자가 개발하였고, 과학 관련 태도 검사 도구는 TOSRA의 7가지 영역 중 두 영역, 즉 과학의 사회적 의미와 과학에 대한 흥미적 관심에 해당하는 20문항을 사용하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면, NIE 자료를 활용한 수업이 교과서 위주의 전통적인 수업에 비해 학생들의 학업 성취도를 향상시키는데 효과적이었다(P〈.01). 또한, 과학과 관련된 학생들의 태도 변화에 있어서도 실험집단이 통제집단보다 통계적으로 유의미한 성취도의 우위를 보이는 것으로 나타났다(P〈.01). 학습 방법과 학생들의 성취 수준간의 상호 작용 효과를 알아본 결과 학업 성취도와 과학에 대한 흥미적 관심의 경우에는 주목할 만한 상호 작용 효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 과학의 사회적 의미에 대한 태도에 있어서는 NIE 수업 방법이 전통적인 수업 방법에 비해 하위 집단의 태도를 보다 더 긍정적으로 함양시킨 결과를 유도했다.

This study was to investigate the consumption pattern, behaviors, and motivational attitudes related to fruit and vegetables. Data were collected from 344 mothers whose children were attending an elementary school and a middle school in Kimcheon. The average vegetable expenses were under 10,000 won per week. The frequency of purchasing vegetables was 2-3 times a week. Housewives usually bought the vegetables at local markets and grand shopping centers. As for buying vegetables, housewives considered the organic vegetables, preference, price, and nutrition in order. In the family, the vegetables were favored by husbands most and by sons least. The average fruit expenses were under 10,000 won per week. The frequency of purchasing fruit was 2-3 times a week. Housewives usually bought the fruit at local markets and grand shopping centers. As for buying fruit, housewives considered preference, price, and nutrition in order. The fruit were favored by all members most and by husbands least. Housewives identified barriers to increasing vegetables and fruit consumption, including preference for other foods, lack of availability, cost, and time and effort to prepare. Several implications for nutrition interventions were suggested. First, a key motivation for these women was eating healthy food when they are pregnant, suggesting a persuasive appeal to use in interventions. Second, review of the women's current behaviors led to an identification of four specific behaviors that had the most potential for increasing overall consumption. Finally, the findings suggested ways in which nutrition interventions could address each of the barriers identified.

오늘날 인터넷의 일상적인 사용은 웹의 발달을 가져온 것으로 인식되고 있다. 학습도구로서 웹을 사용한 것을 WBI라 한다. WBI의 구축은 교육 현장에 현재 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나 사이버 공간에서 수많은 WBI 프로그램을 사용할 때 학습자들에 많은 문제점들이 도출되고 있다. 거의 모든 프로그램 사용 시 교사와 학생간의 상호 작용이 충분하지 못하며 필요한 학습자료들을 찾을 때 그들 자료들이 충분하게 마련되어 있지 않다. 학습 현장에서 교사들이 WBI 프로그램을 고안하고 구축하는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다. 그러나 상호 작용하는 WBI 프로그램의 고안과 구축은 그보다는 쉬운 일이다. 그러므로 만약 학생들과 친근한 교사들이 웹 페이지를, 만들어 사이버 공간에 제공한다면, 학생들은 쉽게 사이버 공간에서 접속할 수 있을 것이다. 그들은 e-메일, 여론 광장 또는 채팅을 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 사이버 공간은 학교 생활에서 불충분한 상호관계를 마련하게 될 것이다. 그러나, 이 프로그램은 모든 학생들이 필요한 적절한 장치들을 가지고 있어야 때문에, 이를 마련하지 못하는 학습자에게는 또 다른 형태의 포기를 가져오게 될 것이다. 이렇기 때문에 이 문제는 정부가 이러한 모든 필요한 장치들을 값싸게 보급하고 적절한 프로그램들을 공급할 때 풀릴 수 있다고 사료된다.

본 연구는 전라북도 중등 과학교사들이 가지고 있는 과학에 관련된 태도를 조사 연구하는데 목적이 있으며 전반적인 과학에 관련된 태도뿐만 아니라 과학에 관련된 태도의 범주별 태도 경향, 과학교사들의 배경요인별 과학에 관련된 태도의차이 등을 알아보았다. 과학에 관련된 태도 점수는 100점 척도로 67.6점에 해당한 미온적인 태도로 조사되었다. 범주별 인식경향은 과학에 대한 태도 영역의 지식과 학문성이 가장 낮고 목적과 가치성은 가장 높게 나타났으며 과학적 태도 영역에서는 객관성 범주가 가장 낮게, 개방성 범주가 가장 높게 나타났다. 문항별 특이한 점을 보면 과학을 발전시키도록 지원해 주어야 한다는 생각이 많으면서도 과학발전이 없었으면 인간은 더욱 행복해졌을 것이다 라고 생각하는 이중적인 면을 볼 수 있다. 배경별 과학교사들의 과학에 관련된 태도 경향을 역시 유의도 5%에서 차이가 있는 것을 보면 정규대학 출신 과학교사에 비해 양성소, 부전공, 상치 교사들의 태도점수가 낮게 나타났으며, 지구과학 전공교사가 타 전공에 비해 약간 높았다. 연수 횟수에 따라 태도의 차이를 보이지 않아 방학 때 실시하는 과학교사들의 연수가 과학에 관련된 태도의 변화에 별 영향을 미치지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 과학발전에서 중요한 것으로는 외적인 조건의 향상을 가장 많이 생각하였다.

This study was to investigate the nutrition and cancer prevention knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-reported dietary changes. Data were collected from 903 parents whose children were attending an elementary school, a middle school, a high school, or a junior college in Kimcheon. Thirty-seven percent of the subjects reported that they had made dietary changes for their health. Respondents reported eating more vegetables(33.1%), fruit(24.1%), whole grains(19.9%), and lower-fat meats(14.5%) and less alcohol(17.2%), high-fat meat(16.4%), fats(13.8%), smoked foods(13.8%), snacks/cake/sweets(11.7%), salty foods(9.6%), and refined grain products(6.1%). Those who did not make any dietary changes most often said the reason was that they thought their diets were already healthful and therefore there was no reason to make a change. Eighty-nine percent of the subjects agreed that diet and disease were related and 89.5% knew that diet and cancer were related, yet 8% believed there was nothing a person could do to reduce the risk of getting cancer. In response to open-ended questions about foods that either increase or decrease cancer risk, vegetables, fruit, traditional fermented foods, etceteras, and whole grains were thought to decrease risk, and burned foods, salty foods, additives, high-fat meats/fats, and alcohol were thought to increase cancer risk. In this study, education levels to be the major demographic variable and residential district had an impact on cancer prevention knowledge and attitudes. People at lower educational levels and rural residents should be targeted for education about cancer risk reduction.

This nutritional survey was conducted in February 25, 1999, in order to investigate the nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of dietitians living in Kangwon area. Subjects consisted of 250 dietitians, with 184 in school food service, 14 in hospital food service and 52 in institution food service. Data were analyzed for frequencies, means, t-test, 2-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation using SPSS PC Package. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The average nutritional knowledge score was 10.15 out of possible 15 points, and dietary attitude score was 67.93 out of 100 points. The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and dietary attitude score was lowly(γ=-0.25). Nutrients consumed below the Korean RDA were energy (78.77%), Ca(90.5%), Fe(83.70%) and nutrients consumed above the Korean RDA were protein(110.83%), P(140.21%), vit.A(163.94%), vit.B2(126.37%), niacin(121.12%) and vit C(231.86%). Carbohydrate, protein and fat ratio on energy composition was 63%:17%:20%. The nutrient density among 3 groups of dietitian was not significantly different.

본 조사에서는 고학력 남성직장인을 대상으로 외식형태 및 식습관을 조사하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자는 20대가 112명(52.6%)으로 가장 많았고, 대부분이 대졸 출신(175명, 82.2%)이었으며, 62%(132명)가 아직 미혼이었다. 월 평균 수입은 100∼200만원사이가 129명(60.6%)으로 전체 응답자의 절반이상의 비율을 보였다. 조사대상자들의 평균 신장은 172.1㎝, 평균체중은 70.5㎏으로 한국인 성인의 표준치(RDA : 170㎝, 67㎏)에 비해 약간 높은 경향이었으며, 평균 BMI는 23.8, 체지방률은 21.3%로 나타났다. 외식의 빈도는 일주일에 3∼4회가 가장 많았는데 연령이 낮고 미혼일수록 빈도가 높게 나타났고 연령, 학력, 결혼 여부, 수입에 관계없이 저녁식사가 가장 많았으며, 외식시 선호음식으로는 한식이 가장 높게 나타났다. 비만 정도에 따른 식습관을 보면 비만 그룹이 정상 그룹에 비해 규칙적인 식사와 적당한 식사량, 영양적 균형을 고려한다고 대답하였고, 전체적인 식품의 섭위빈도가 높았으며 특히 동물성 단백질과 유지류의 섭취빈도가 높았다. 식습관의 전수분포는 비만도와 상관없이 전체적으로 나쁘게 조사되었는데 이는 고학력이 식습관에는 별 영향을 주지 않으므로 이를 통해 직장인의 올바른 영양관리를 위하여 직장내의 지속적인 영양교육체계가 수반되어야 하리라 생각된다.

This study was performed with 482 subjects(278 boys and 204 girls in Seoul and Kyunggido area) to find out the attitude and eating behaviors about Kimchi on Korean young generation. General characteristics about subject and attitude and eating behavior were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. 85.9% of the subjects were nuclear family type and 49.9% of respondent's mother had full-time job and 96.1% of subjects were middle or upper economic status. The preference for Kimchi, 60.4% of respondents answered that they liked Kimchi. According to grade, the rate of preference about Kimchi was significantly different, higher grade students were found higher preference on Kimchi : 64.4% of middle and 70.4% of high school students liked Kimchi. The eating patterns of Kimchi, up to 60% of respondents answered they ate Kimchi in every meal time, which suggested that it was still an important side dish in Korean meal among teenagers. The eating behaviors on Kimchi, 85~90% of respondents answered that they preferred Kimchi in meal time. Baechu Kimchi(chinese cabbage Kimchi) and Gakdugi(radish cube Kimchi) was highly preferred. And their preference of food which made from Kimchi (such as Kimchi fried rice, Kimchi stew, Kimchi pancake) was highly evaluated. 65.6% of residents pointed out that 'Kimchi is very nutritious food'. The respondent's structure of value on Kimchi were not significantly difference between sex and age. But it was significantly difference(p〈0.01) between the groups with preference and familiarity on Kimchi. The group had higher preference and familiarity on Kimchi agreed to the positive values about Kimchi. These result suggested that various kinds of Kimchi should be developed for young generation to meet their taste and also continuous nutrition education about traditional food especially Kimchi should be promoted at home and school.

This study was to evaluate the anthropometry, dietary attitudes and the other factors of 201 children in day-care centers according to their parents' income levels. The evaluation was conducted using anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, and questionnaire survey which was completed by the children's mothers. The results are summarized as follows: Overall growth of children was normal according to Korean standard. There were no significant differences in anthropometry according to the income levels. The scores of eating habits of children were different significantly according to income levels. That is, the score was the lowest in the low-income group. Children generally prefer one-dish meal or snacks, while the preference levels of kimchi, seasoned vegetable and beans broiled in soysauce were lower than those cf other foods. In the questions to know mothers' nutrition knowledge, we could see that they didn't know well about protein, breast-feeding, weaning and balance in nutrients. Nutrition knowledge score of mothers was significantly lower in the low income group, which shows close relationship with low-score eating habits of their children. The score of nutrition knowledge was affected by the mother's education level. The higher the mother's nutrition knowledge and education level, the better children's eating habits. These findings emphasize the planning and application of nutrition education programs for mothers especially in the low income group.

A Survey was carried out to investigate relation between depressive trends, stress and attitudes of food intake in adults. In the assessing of Body Mass Index (BMI), the normal weight was 80.1%, overweight was 19.1%, obese was 0.7% in men, but normal weight was 90.3%, overweight was 9.4%, obese was 0.3% in women (p<0.001). It was represented increasing trends of obesity by the increasing of ages. Women thought their health condition was worse than men (p<0.001) 15.1% of all women tried to weight control. In changes of food intake by stress, 37.8% was increased to eat, 33.7% was reduced in women. It seems that women was significantly influenced by stress than men (p<0.01). In changes of food intake by stress in ages, 39.7% was increased of 20 years but over the 30 years was decreased or no changes of food intake (p<0.0001). All subjects wanted hot and sweet taste when stress-induced eating. 56.1% of men preferred to alcohol and beverages but 33.5% of women preferred to chocolate, cookies and breads of carbohydrate foods at the stressful conditions. But stress-induced eating dose not seems to be helpful for coping with stress in adults. In the distribution of depressive trends, the level of depression was higher in women (50.7%), whereas 34.3% in men (p<0.001). The most of 3li subjects represented attitudes of food intake below 60 scores that was needed improve and counseling of professional nutritionist. It was represented inferior to attitudes of food intake by the increasing of depressive trends and stress in women. It was higher level of overweight and obese in the below 60 scores of attitudes of food intake and higher depressive groups.

According to economical status, under-nutrition and over-nutrition coexist in preschool children in Korea. Subjects consumed more than RDA in most nutrients, and children in of the upper income class tended to have more nutrients than those of the low income class. Especially in case of energy, protein, fat, vitamin B2, and P there were significant differences among the different classes. The mean calorie compositions of carbohydrates, protein and fat were 57~59: 16~17: 26~27 and fat calorie percentage was higher than quantity recommended for Korean adults. Energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, B1 and C intakes were taken mostly from plant food sources. In the upper income class group, intakes of protein and vitamin B2 from animal food sources were higher than in any other income classes. Intakes of iron, vitamin A, B1 and C were largely provided by plant food group. Especially 44-45% of vitamin A were taken from vegetable and fruits group, which indicated that about 50% of vitamin A intake was the form of β-carotene. Also compared with other groups, in the upper income class group, the intakes of energy, protein, Ca, p, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 from cereal and potatoes were significantly lower, and those of Ca and P from milks and meats, fishes & eggs were significantly higher(p〈0.05). The mean fat intake in all subjects was 38~43g/day. Regardless of income class, oleic acid(6.6~8.4g) and linoleic acid(6.7~8.1g) were the most abundant fatty acids contained in the diet. The upper class group consumed significantly more total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids(p〈0.05). In polyunsaturated fatty acids, there were no differences between 3 different income classes, but intakes of total Ω6 fatty acids in the upper class tended to be higher and those of total o3 fatty acids in low class tended to be higher. Therefore, Ω6/Ω3 tended to be higher in the upper class group. Regardless of income classes, P/M/S and Ω6/Ω3 ratios in all subjects were 0.9~l.3/1.0~1.1/1.0 and 5.2~7.4/1.0, respectively and were in a desirable range. Cholesterol intake of subject was 184-218 mg/day, which was comparable to the value of Korean adult intake.