This study investigated the effect of cooking class on improvement of eating behaviors and satisfaction with cooking activities in children. The questionnaires developed for this study were distributed to 380 mothers during June to August, 2011. A total of 286 questionnaires were used for analysis (81.7%), and frequency analysis, ANOVA, and χ2-test were completed using SPSS (version 14.0) software. The children with cooking experience (52.7%) showed more improvement of eating habits than children with no cooking experience (36.4%). Both types of children showed an ‘unbalanced diet’ with respect to eating habits. The overall satisfaction level was an average of 3.84±0.62. The effects after cooking activities varied for different aspects of improvement of eating habits: ‘Correcting unbalanced diet’ was 4.26±0.66, ‘nutrition knowledge’ was 4.06±0.70, ‘dining etiquette’ was 4.09±0.63, and ‘regular meals’ was 4.15±0.73. There was a significant difference between genders with regards to correcting unbalanced diet with vegetables (p<0.01). Ages from 10 to 12 were able to improve unbalanced diet with ‘grains’ (p<0.001), while ‘Kimchi’ (p<0.05) and ‘paste’ for ages from 10 to 12. In conclusion, cooking activities are regarded as effective in correcting unbalanced diet and eliciting positive changes in eating behavior.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rheological characteristics of medium wheat flour mixed with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Rheological properties of the mixed flours were tested based on falling number, color, RVA, farinogram, and rheofermentometer analyses. Falling numbers increased with addition of bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. The L values of all mixed flours were less than that of control. The 1% mixed flour sample containing bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders was not significantly different from 3% mixed flour. The a values of the mixed flour decreased as bamboo and lotus powders increased, whereas b values increased. Addition of bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders to flour reduced peak viscosity, holding strength, and final viscosity. The set back values of mixed wheat flour containing bamboo leaf powder were lower than those of mixed wheat flour containing lotus leaf powder, suggesting that bamboo leaf powder suppressed retrogradation of flour compared to lotus leaf powder. In the farinogram, the water absorption and consistency of the flours containing bamboo and lotus leaf powders increased, whereas development time and stability decreased. The fermentation time of dough with lotus leaf powder was less than that of dough with bamboo leaf powder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of steamed bread using mixed flour containing bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Properties of the steamed breads were tested by colorimeter, water activity, rheometer, SEM, and sensory tests. The L values and a values were higher in steamed bread with bamboo leaf powder. On the other hand, the b values of streamed bread with bamboo leaf powder were lower than lotus leaf powder. During storage, the hardness of steamed bread with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders increased control. Furthermore, steamed bread with lotus leaf powder showed hardness than bamboo leaf powder. The springiness of all steamed breads decreased with storage , and steamed breads with bamboo leaf powder showed lower values than lotus leaf powder. The cohesiveness of the control was the highest, and all samples showed significant differences each other. The gumminess of the control was higher than steamed bread with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Moreover, longer storage time yielded higher gumminess. control relatively smoother surface than that of 1% bamboo leaf powder. The steamed bread with lotus leaf powder had a rougher surface than bamboo leaf powder. sensory characteristics of steamed bread, green color of the samples with bamboo leaf powder was darker than lotus leaf powder. Leaf odor was similar throughout. Freshness of steamed bread containing 1% bamboo leaf powder the highest. The overall acceptability of consumer acceptance was the control, followed by steamed bread containing 1% lotus leaf powder.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between table attitudes(or table manners), nutrition knowledge, eating/snacking habits, and BMI in elementary school children. For the study, 350 [4~6th grade] elementary students were recruited and surveyed. Each response for 10 questions regarding table attitudes was scored by a 5-point scale(5 points=strongly agreed & 1 point=strongly disagreed) with a total score of 50. The reliability of 10 questions about nutrition knowledge was validated using Cronbach`s α(Cronbach`s α=0.80). Total scores for table attitudes were significantly different between the boys and girls(p<0.05). The total score for nutrition knowledge was significantly higher in the girls(7.67/10.0), compared to the boys(7.35/10.0)(p<0.05). The children showed high rates of incorrect answers in questions regarding the function or importance of specific nutrients. No significant differences between the boys and girls were found for places of snack purchase, or pocket money/day. Most of the children answered spending less than 800 won of pocket money per day. More boys preferred meals with meats and disliked Kimchi and vegetables compared to girls, and the differences were statistically significant. The score for table attitudes was significantly and negatively correlated with nutrition knowledge and gender. No significant correlations between BMI and table attitudes or nutrition knowledge were shown.

김치에 첨가되는 고추를 건조하지 않고 세척, 마쇄한 다음 냉동 저장한 고추를 김치에 사용하여 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 알아보았다. 김치의 pH는 제조당일에는 고춧가루를 사용한 김치 마쇄액의 pH가 가장 높았으며 마쇄고추로 담근 김치의 마쇄액과 김치액에서는 그보다 더 낮게 나왔고 숙성 2주까지 동일한 경향을 보이며 감소하다 숙성 3주이후에는 시료간에 pH 차이가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 한편 산도는 담근 초기에 마쇄고추를 사용한 김치가 고춧가루를 사용한 김치보다 높은 산도를 보였으나 숙성 2주째에는 동일하였고 숙성 3주부터는 고춧가루를 사용한 김치의 김치액과 마쇄액에서 모두 마쇄고추를 사용한 김치보다 높은 값을 나타냈다. 숙성 전 기간을 통해 김치의 L값과 a값은 마쇄고추를 사용한 김치액이 가장 높았고 b값은 가장 낮았다. 유기산 함량에서는 acetic acid와 lactic acid는 숙성이 진행될수록 마쇄고추를 사용한 김치에서 더 증가하는 경향을 보였고 citric acid는 숙성 2주까지는 동일하게 마쇄고추를 첨가한 김치가 더 높았으나 숙성 3주부터는 마쇄고추 및 고춧가루를 사용한 김치 모두에서 검출되지 않았다. 김치의 QDA 결과 담근 직후와 숙성 2주일째 김치에서는 적색도, 매운맛, 상큼한 맛이, 숙성 5주째 김치에서는 적색도와 상큼한 맛에서 마쇄고추를 사용한 김치가 고춧가루를 사용한 김치보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타냈다. 소비자 기호도 검사에서는 담금 직후, 숙성 2주째 및 숙성 5주째에서 모두 마쇄고추를 사용한 김치가 고춧가루를 사용한 김치보다 외관과 종합적인 기호도가 월등히 높았다. 따라서 마쇄고추를 김치에 사용할 경우 기존의 고춧가루를 사용할 경우에 비해 김치의 L값과 a값 및 citric acid함량을 증진시켜 관능검사시 적색도와 상큼한 맛을 높여 소비자의 종합적인 기호도를 높일 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

본 조사에서는 고학력 남성직장인을 대상으로 외식형태 및 식습관을 조사하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자는 20대가 112명(52.6%)으로 가장 많았고, 대부분이 대졸 출신(175명, 82.2%)이었으며, 62%(132명)가 아직 미혼이었다. 월 평균 수입은 100∼200만원사이가 129명(60.6%)으로 전체 응답자의 절반이상의 비율을 보였다. 조사대상자들의 평균 신장은 172.1㎝, 평균체중은 70.5㎏으로 한국인 성인의 표준치(RDA : 170㎝, 67㎏)에 비해 약간 높은 경향이었으며, 평균 BMI는 23.8, 체지방률은 21.3%로 나타났다. 외식의 빈도는 일주일에 3∼4회가 가장 많았는데 연령이 낮고 미혼일수록 빈도가 높게 나타났고 연령, 학력, 결혼 여부, 수입에 관계없이 저녁식사가 가장 많았으며, 외식시 선호음식으로는 한식이 가장 높게 나타났다. 비만 정도에 따른 식습관을 보면 비만 그룹이 정상 그룹에 비해 규칙적인 식사와 적당한 식사량, 영양적 균형을 고려한다고 대답하였고, 전체적인 식품의 섭위빈도가 높았으며 특히 동물성 단백질과 유지류의 섭취빈도가 높았다. 식습관의 전수분포는 비만도와 상관없이 전체적으로 나쁘게 조사되었는데 이는 고학력이 식습관에는 별 영향을 주지 않으므로 이를 통해 직장인의 올바른 영양관리를 위하여 직장내의 지속적인 영양교육체계가 수반되어야 하리라 생각된다.

부산시내 7개 대학에 재학중인 여대생 267명을 대상으로 김치 선호도 및 섭취 실태 등을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 75.2%가 김치를 선호하고, 적당히 숙성된 김치(54.0%)와 젓갈류중 멸치젓(42.1%)을 선호하였다. 김치의 맛은 시원한 맛(50.2%), 아삭한 맛(47.6%), 적당한 짠맛(43.8%)을 선호하며 짭짭한 맛(58.1%), 단맛 또는 젓갈맛(55.8%)을 가장 싫어하였다. 선호하는 김치는 통배추김치(22.2%), 총각김치(17.5%), 깍두기(11.5%), 물김치(9.9%), 오이소박이(8.5%), 겉절이(5.1%), 열무김치(4.9%), 동치미(4.4%)였고 파김치(3.9%), 고들빼기김치(3.6%), 깻잎김치(3.5%), 부추김치(2.5%), 갓김치(1.5%), 봄배추김치(0.9%)는 선호도가 낮았다. 가정에서 담는 김치는 통배추김치(24.1%), 깍두기(15.4%), 물김치(14.8%), 총각김치(14.2%), 파김치(6.4%), 열무김치(5.4%), 겉절이(4.5%), 오이소박이(3.6%), 동치미(3.3%), 부추김치(2.9%), 깻잎김치(2.8%), 갓김치(0.9%), 고들빼기김치(0.8%)였다. 김치이용 음식은 김치찌개(92.9%) 김치볶음밥(90.3%), 김치전(68.2%), 김치볶음김치(42.7%), 김치라면(31.8%)이었다. 62.6%의 대학생이 한 끼에 김치를 5∼6조각 이상 섭취하여 약 93g의 낮은 섭취량을 보였다. 가정에서 김치는 대부분이 어머니가 담으며(94.7%), 가정 김치 맛에 만족하였다. 70.3%가 김치를 담아 본 경험이 없고, 김치는 담아본 29.7%의 학생들은 부모님의 김장때(71.7%), 중.고등학교조리실습시간(14.1%), 대학조리실습시간(10.9%), 조리강습때(3.3%) 담아보았다고 하였다. 95.1%가 김치 담는 방법을 배우길 원했으며, 그 이유로는 일상적인 반찬이니까(66.1%), 전통음식이기 때문에(16.3%), 김치를 좋아하니까(15.9%)였다. 결혼한 후는 88.8%가 김치를 직접 담겠다고 하였다. 김치 구입처는 농협(48.5%), 대규모 김치공장(32.7%), 부식가계(11.2%), 백화점(7.7%)의 순서로 선택하였으며, 상업용 김치의 문제점으로는 정성, 맛, 조미료 첨가, 위생, 가격 등의 불량을 들었다.

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical change of rutin and fatty acids of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) during germination. The content of rutin in buckwheat before germination was 31.5㎎% and that after 7 days was increased to l, 660.3㎎%. The content of stearic acid was increased slightly after 3 day during germination but those of other fatty acids were decreased gradually.

The blocked N-terminus and N-terminal sequence ol soybean β-amylase were determined by analyzing the acidic peptides derived on peptic digestion of the enzyme. The acidic peptides were separated from the digest on a Dowex 50×2 column(1×5㎝) and purified by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC). The major acidic peptide, PEP-1, was a heptapeptide. The N-terminal 7 amino acid sequence of soybean β-amylase was deduced to be acetyl-Ala-Thr-Ser-Asp-Ser-Asn-Met- from the results of sequence analysis of PEP-1 and amino acid analysis of other acidic peptides.