ABB式形容詞是現代漢語形容詞中的一種特殊形式, 其特殊性體現在詞的構成, 意義, 以及在句子中的語法功能。 本文談詞的構成時, 從構形法和構詞法兩方面入手, 分析其內部組合規律, 進一步探討ABB式形容詞, 何時詞根是A, 何時詞根是AB, 倂根據詞根特點, 給ABB式形容詞分類, 談其在句子中表示的意義。因ABB式形容詞詞根的性質和特性, 使其在語法功能上與性質形容詞有所不同。 本文通過對大量語言材料的分析, 總結出了ABB式形容詞, 在一定條件下, 可在句子中作主語, 謂語, 賓語, 狀語, 定語, 補語六大句子成分。並硏究出了ABB式形容詞不能在比較句、是非疑問句、形容詞非主謂句中作謂語, 不能受“不”“沒有”的否定, 不能出現在祈使句補語的位置, 不能充當感歎句中被强調, 感歎的成分。

근래에 이르러 우리나라의 재해, 재난으로 수많은 사상자가 나오고, 동남아 근해의 해일과 지진의 영향으로 우리나라에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이에 따라 재해에 대한 대비와 재난이 발생하였을 때의 신속한 정보전달이 중요한 요인이 되었다. 따라서 재해를 감지한 관측지에서 재난의 영향이 우려되는 지역으로의 신속한 정보 전달체계를 확립하고, 더 나은 재해의 예방 시스템 개발함으로써 재해 피해로 인한 국민의 재산과 생명의 손실을 최소화 하는데 이바지 하고자 한다.

Many historical research and facet about modern art in Indonesia which formulating background of contemporary Indonesian Art. Indonesian art critic Sanento Yuliman states that Modern art has been rapidly developing in Indonesia since the Indonesian Independence in 1945. Modern Art is a part of the super culture of the Indonesian metropolitan and is closely related to the contact between the Indonesian and Western Cultures. Its birth was part of the nationalism project, when the Indonesian people consists of various ethnics were determined to become a new nation, the Indonesian nation, and they wished for a new culture, and therefore, a new art . The period 1960s, which was the beginning of the creation and development of the painters and the painters associations, was the first stage of the development of modern art in Indonesia. The second stage showed the important role of the higher education institutes for art. These institutes have developed since the 1950s and in the 1970s they were the main education institutes for painters and other artists. The artists awareness of the medium, forms or the organization of shapes were encouraged more intensely and these encouraged the exploring and experimental attitudes. Meanwhile, the information about the world's modern art, particularly Western Art; was widely and rapidly spread. The 1960s and 1970s were marked by the development of various abstractions and abstract art and the great number of explorations in various new media, like the experiment with collage, assemblage, mixed media. The works of the Neo Art Movement-group in the second half of the 1970s and in the 1980s shows environmental art and installations, influenced by the elements of popular art, from the commercial world and mass media, as well as the involvement of art in the social and environmental affairs. The issues about the environment, frequently launched by the intellectuals in the period of economic development starting in the 1970s, echoed among the artists, and they were widened in the social, art and cultural circles. The Indonesian economic development following the important change in the 1970s has caused a change in the life of the middle and upper class society, as has the change in various aspects of a big city, particularly Jakarta. The new genre emerged in 1975 which indicates contemporary art in Indonesia, when a group of young artists organized a movement, which was widely known as the Indonesian New Art Movement. This movement criticized international style, universalism and the long standing debate on an east-west-dichotomy. As far as the actual practice of the arts was concerned the movement criticized the domination of the art of painting and saw this as a sign of stagnation in Indonesian art development. Based on this criticism ‘the movement’ introduced ready-mades and installations (Jim Supangkat) . Takes almost two decades that the New Art Movement activists were establishing Indonesian Installation art genre as contemporary paradigm and influenced the 1980's generation like, FX Harsono, Dadang Christanto, Arahmaiani, Tisna Sanjaya, Diyanto, Andarmanik, entering the 1990's decade as “rebellion period”; reject towards established aesthetic mainstream i.e. painting, sculpture, graphic art which are insufficient to express “new language” and artistic needs especially to mediate social politic and cultural situation. Installation Art which contains open possibilities of creation become a vehicle for aesthetic establishment rejection and social politics stagnant expression in 1990s. Installation art accommodates two major field; first, the rejection of aesthetic establishment has a consequences an artists quest for medium; deconstruction models and cross disciplines into multi and intermedia i.e. performance, music, video etc. Second aspect is artists' social politic intention for changes, both conclude as characteristics of Indonesian Installation Art and establishing the freedom of expression in contemporary Indonesian Art until today.

지아장커에게 중요한 것은 바로 우리들의 삶이다. 변화 속에서도 우리는 계속 생활해야 하고 살아가야만 하기 때문에, 그는 인간문제에 대해 초지일관 관심을 기울이는 것이다. 그의 영화는 대변화하는 시대를 따라가지 못하고 역사의 잔해물로 전락해버린, 남겨진 자들의 대한 안타까움과 슬픔을 기록하고 있다. 그는 살아갈 수밖에 없는 인간의 무늬를 섬세한 시선으로 포착하고 있는 것이다. ≪삼협호인(三峽好人)≫도 상징성 짙은 장면들의 연속을 통해 대변화의 역사 속에 놓여진 사람들의 문제에 대해서 말하고 있다.

In San Francisco, two new museums were recently built in 1995 and 2005. The one is San Francisco Museum of Modern Art designed by Mario Botta and the other is De Young Museum designed by Jacques Herzog & Pierre de Meuron. The urban settings for the museums are compared with each other and theories of the architects are evolved on different branches in the modernist trends. The theories and settings are followed by the representation in the forms, facades, interior spaces and towers. SFMOMA is located on the SoMa area, which was recently developed into a cultural urban core with Moscone Center and Buena Yerba Garden. De Young Museum was rebuilt in the old museum site in the Golden Gate Park. The one is on the context of urban artefacts and the other on the context of natural artefacts. To Botta, the museum in today's city plays a role analogous to that of the cathedral of yesterday. It is a place of common encounter and confrontation. The volume of SFMOMA which is geometrical and symmetric with double pylons. The frontality on the street and public green open space and the axiality of SFMOMA runs through the Buena Yerba Garden over Buena Yerba Center for the Arts are reminded us of an urban core with a religious monument and a city square. The staircase with grandiose design in the atrium seems to work as an altar with lighting from skylight above enhancing the liturgical ambiance. De Young Museum is shaped in a rectangle with long narrow courtyards. Three bands of volumes are juxtaposed and the nature flows into the museum corridors and galleries. The tower is distorted so as to be aligned to the street grids of the surrounding area. The copper panel of De Young Museum and natural context evoke 곧 modern concept of "machine in the garden". The two museums from different pedigrees of Modern Architecture are now major landmarks of SF and urban expressions for the 21st century.

베이징은 중국역대의 유명한 도시로서 알려져 있지만, 대부분 도시 속에 거주하지만 도시를 혐오하는 중국의 지식인에게 이 도시는 친근하고 향토감을 느낄 수 있는 도시로서 중국지식인의 이 도시에 대한 사랑을 여러 글에서 찾을 수 있다. 베이징은 사람과 도시 간에 역사와 깊이 있는 문화로 연결되어 있었다. 그러나 이제는 베이징과 베이징인의 문화적 경험의 공감과 정감의 그 전원적인 세계는 존재하지 않는다. 문화적 기억이 상실된 대도시 형상이 사실상 현실의 베이징의 진실한 모습이다. 그래서 최근의 문화서술 속에서는 베이징에 대한 향수가 시작되어진다고 할 수 있다. 앞에서 언급한 铁凝의 《永远有多远》이라는 질문, 즉 일찍이 풍부한 역사와 문화전통을 가진 베이징이 과연 자신의 기억을 보존할 수 있겠느냐의 물음은 답이 없다고 할 수도 있을 것이다. 그러나 이글을 쓰면서 확고한 신념과 같은 것이 느껴졌는데, 베이징은 현대화 과정의 어떠한 급격한 변화와 통제 속에서도 여전히 문화의 중심지일 것이라는 생각이다. 예술에의 열정으로 베이징을 유랑하는 주변인 예술가(현시점에서는 이미 그들을 주변인이라고 할 수도 없지만, 왜냐하면 장위엔, 왕샤오솨이, 지아장커 그들은 이미 중국과 세계 영화세계에서 자신의 위치가 확고하기 때문이다) 와 그 후대인들이 베이징에서 중국미래의 문화를 새롭게 창조해갈 것이라는 생각이 들기 때문이다. 그리고 이미 사라진 베이징 전통문화는 중국 당대인의 정신적 필요에 의해서 매 시기 마다 그 시기의 담론의 내용에 의해서 재건립 될 것이다.