The concept of eonmunilchi (the unification of the speech and writing) reminds us of the unification of written and spoken language. However, from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, two problems were intervened in the argument of eonmunilchi. One is about the use of certain characters, and the other is regarding the styles that are used to complete the sentences. But this paper treats the problem of styles of the sentence level, not the problem of characters. In Korea, it is often said that the typical example of unification of written and spoken language at the level of sentences is the replacement of '-deora (-더라)' with '-eotta (-었다),' However, in modern Korean, '-deora' is mostly used in the spoken language whereas '-eotta' is rarely used in the spoken language. If '-eotta,' a typical example of ending expression of eonmunilchi is not related to the spoken language, then what is the fundamental meaning and effect of eonmunilchi? The basic effect of eonmunilchi occurs when it is difficult to suppose the relationship of speaker/writer and hearer/reader or even the context itself where a locution takes place. In other words, erasing the trace of speaker or writer in the text so that the sentence itself could carry out its own meaning is regarded as the effect of eonmunilchi.

Directional solidification experiments were carried out at 1-300 μm/sec solidification rates in the single crystal superalloy, CMSX 10. The solid/liquid interface morphology changed from planar to dendritic, and the dendrite spacing became finer as the solidification rate increased. The pool size of the γ/γ' eutectic, formed between dendrites, reduced as the solidification rate increased. The phase formation temperatures, such as the solidus, liquidus and eutectic, were estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The morphology of the γ/γ' phase, known to be eutectic, showed γ' cells with a γ intercellular network, and this γ/γ' was composed of coarse and fine γ/γ' regions. In this study, it is suggested that the γ/γ' phase was a coupled peritectic.The solidification procedure of the γ/γ' between dendrites is also discussed.

The pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, transmits the pinewood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), causing the pine wilt disease (PWD), which gives rise to enormously economic as well as forest damage. However, PWN has been identified as a pathogen of PWD, it is very difficult to discriminate B. xylophilus from B. mucronatus in a short time, which are genetically and morphologically very similar. Therefore, it has been necessary to detect and eliminate PWN-infected trees in the forest area for the prevention of PWD transmission. Up to date, there is no report on biomarkers such as DNA and protein for the diagnosis of B. xylophilus. In this study, we produced a B. xylophilus monoclonal antiserum (D9-F10) from BalbC mice and screened its specificity with various proteins extracts. Western blot analysis revealed that the D9-F10 is only reactive with B. xylophilus protein extract among other tested protein extracts, indicating that the D9-F10 is specific for a B. xylophilus protein. Furthermore, two-dimensional electrophoresis showed the D9-F10 detects a very highly acidic protein, pI≒3.5. These results suggest that the D9-F10 monoclonal antibody is useful for the development of a diagnostic kit for the pine wilt disease.

The through-thickness variations of strain and microstructure of high-speed hot rolled 1050 pure aluminum sheet were investigated. The specimens of 1050 aluminum were rolled at temperatures ranging from 410 to 560˚C at a rolling speed of 15 m/s without lubrication and quenched in water at an interval of 30ms after rolling. The redundant shear strain induced by high friction between rolls and the aluminum sheet was increased largely beneath the surface at a rolling reduction above 50%. Recrystallization occurred in the surface regions of the specimen rolled to reduction of 65% at 510˚C, while only recovery occurred in the other regions.

이 연구의 목적은 10학년 과학 교과서의 지구과학 용어들을 SWA 프로그램을 통해 분석하여 그 중 학생들이 어려워하는 용어들을 알아보는데 있다. 연구 목적을 위해, 먼저 11종의 10학년 과학교과서에서 지구과학 용어들을 추출한 다음, 표준국어대사전을 기반으로 한 SWA 프로그램으로 과학 전문어와 비과학 전문어로 분류를 하였다. 분류된 과학전문어와 비과학 전문어에 대해 560명의 10학년 학생들에게 이해하기 어려운 용어를 선택하도록 하였다. 프로그램을 통해 어휘의 수를 분석한 결과, 교과서별로 다소 차이는 있지만, 등급 외의 과학 전문어 빈도가 모든 교과서에서 다른 등급에 비해 가장 높았다. 또한 학생들에게 설문한 결과, 어렵다고 하는 용어들의 대부분이 등급 외에 속해 있었다. 이 연구 결과를 통해, 교과서 집필 과정에서 학생들의 인지 수준을 고려해야 하며 어려운 용어는 과학적 의미의 변화가 없는 범위 내에서 쉬운 용어로 대체되어야 한다는 것을 제안하였다.

목적 : 뇌졸중 환자의 손 기민성을 측정하기 위한 방법으로 특별한 검사도구를 사용하지 않고 짧은 시간 내에 검사할 수 있는 10초 검사(10-Second Test)를 소개하고, 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증된 Box and Block Test, Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment 결과와의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 37～75세의 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자 17명을 대상으로 10초 검사(10-second Test)와 Box and Block Test(BBT), Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment(FMA)의 상지 기능 검사를 실시하였다. 10초 검사는 Finger Individual Movement Test(FIMT), Hand Pronation and Supination Test(HPST), Finger Tapping Test(FTT)로 구성되었다. 수집된 자료는 윈도우용 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 10초 검사의 각 세부항목인 FIMT, HPST, FTT와 BBT, FMA 상지검사의 세부 항목 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(.525～.865). 각 검사의 일반적인 특성에 따른 비교에서는 10초 검사의 HPST와 FTT에서 왼쪽마비 환자에 비해 오른쪽 마비 환자의 기능이 더 우세하였다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과 10초 검사는 기존의 손 기능 평가 도구들과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 우리나라의 현실에서 평가를 실시하는데 걸리는 시간과 도구에 제한을 받지 않는 10초 검사는 치료시간 내에 간단하게 뇌졸중 환자의 손 기능을 측정함으로써 환자의 회복정도를 파악하고 객관적 자료를 제시하는데 도움을 줄 수 있으리라 생각한다.

35 peri-implantitis recently referred for 10 years showed four types of inflammatory lesions, such as mild granulomatous lesion(n=5), severe granulomatous lesion(n=4), severe inflammatory fibrous scar tissue(n=15), severe abscess formation(n=11). However, the inflammatory lesions were usually localized at the peri-implant area accompanying compensatory hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue. The fibrous scar and the necrotic abscess frequently occurred depend on the severity of inflammatory reaction. Among 30 cases of severe inflammatory lesions, only 2 cases involved condensing osteitis in adjacent alveolar bone. Thus, we suppose that the inflammatory progression of peri-implantitis could be partly inhibited by the hyperplastic fibrous stromal tissue stimulated by implant material. And more, the focal abscess formed around the implant can be easily drainaged through the fibrous tract of implant pathway, resulted in the chronic persistent inflammatory granulomatous lesion, that is contrast to the common socket granuloma after tooth extraction. However, depend on the degree of inflammatory reaction in the peri-implantitis the inflamed fibrous collagenous tissues, unregenerated graft materials, necrotic abscess and sequestra should be removed by surgical intervention and followed by antibiotic therapy, because the peri-implant tissue is as vivid as the normal periodontium for the inflammatory defense system. Therefore, we suggest that the inflammatory lesions of peri-implantitis be carefully treated to improve the prognosis for the following dental treatments

유채 품종간의 황 이용률을 비교하기 위하여 10가지 유채 품종(Mokpo, Tamra, Youngsan, Naehan, Saturnin, Akela, Mosa, Capitol, Pollen and Colosse)을 정상적인 황 공급(2.0 mM) 조건하에서 재배하여 품종별로 황 흡수량을 측정하였다. 또한 유채 품종간의 생육 특성을 비교하기 위해 잎의 수, 잎의 길이, 잎의 넓이 및 뿌리의 길이를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 모든 유채품종에서 잎의 수, 잎의

We have investigated the optical properties of the global haze on Titan from spectra recorded between 7100 and 9200Åwhere CH4 absorption bands of various intensities occur. The Titan spectra were obtained on Feb. 23, 2005 (UT), near the times of the Cassini T3 flyby and Huygens probe, using an optical echelle spectrograph (BOES) on the 1.8-m telescope at Bohyunsan Observatory in Korea. In order to derive the optical properties of the haze as a function of altitude, we developed an inversion radiative-transfer program using an atmospheric model of Titan and laboratory CH4 absorption coefficients available from the literature. The derived extinction coefficients of the haze increase toward the surface, and the coefficients at shorter wavelengths are greater than those at longer wavelengths for the 30 - 120 km altitude range, indicating that the Titanian haze becomes optically thin toward the longer wavelength range. Total optical depths of the haze are estimated to be 1.4 and 1.2 for the 7270 -7360Åand 8940 -9150Å ranges, respectively. Based on the Huygens/DISR data set, Tomasko et al. (2005) reported total optical depths of 2.5 - 3.5 at 8290Å depending on the assumed fractal aggregate particle model. The total optical depths based on our results are smaller than those of Tomasko et al., but they partially overlap with their results if we consider a large uncertainty from possible variations of the CH4 mixing ratio over Titan's disk. We also derived the single scattering albedo of the haze particles as a function of altitude: it is less than 0.5 at altitudes higher than ~150Km the average particle radius is smaller than the wavelengths, whereas near the surface, it becomes comparable or greater.

House dust mite of the indoor environment is one of the most important causes of allergic asthma and rhinitis. It has been known that more than 70% of Korean children and about 50% of adult with the respiratory allergy are sensitive to house dust mite. The purpose of our study is to find out the relationship between the concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO)/PM10 and the number of house dust mite in the indoor environment. In this study, sampling sites were education, social and dwelling facilities. We inquire the questionnaire of the resident on the indoor air quality in all sampling sites. At the same time, we measured the concentration of formaldeh yde(HCHO)/PM10 as well as house dust mites. it was complained by 20% respondents that the indoor air quality was bad and by 10% that the atopy symptom was evident. When a certain amount of house dust mites were detected, the contents of PM10 were observed high and that of HCHO low. However when the house dust mites were not detected, the concentration of PM10 was low and that of HCHO high. From our results, it is concluded that the indoor air quality (i.e. conc. of PM10/HCHO) is quite related to the contents of house dust mites supporting the fact that the symptom of atopy and asthma is due to these small organisms.

We have previously produced transgenic (TG) mice expressing the human lactoferrin (hLF), interleukin-10 (hIL-10), and thrombopoietin (hTPO) proteins in the milk. In this study, we examined whether simple crossbreeding between two kids of a single transgenic mouse can produce double transgenics co-expressing two human proteins.. The hLF male, and the hIL-10 male were crossbred with the hIL-10 and hTPO females, and the hTPO female, respectively. PCR analysis for genotyping showed 32%, 23% and 24% double transgenic rates for hLF/hIL-10, hLF/hTPO, and hIL-10/hTPO transgenes, respectively. We analyzed the expression levels of the human proteins from double transgenic mice and compared those with their single transgenic siblings. All double transgenic co-expressed two human proteins at comparable levels to singles', unless hTPO was not co-expressed: for hLF, 1.1 mg/ml in hLF/hIL-10, whereas 0.5 mg/ml in hLF/hTPO; for hIL-10, 4.1 mg/ml in hIL-10/hLF, whereas 1.4 mg/ml in hIL-10/hTPO. Ihe downregulation of hTPO to half level of singles' was observed in double transgenic mice. The possible reason why hTPO co-expressed might lead to down-regulation of another human protein was discussed. These results suggested that double transgenic generated by crossbreeding between two singles' could be useful system for bioreactor.