The ancient and modern scholars have differentinterpretations to traditional word creation regulation of echoismin thesix categories of Chinese characters. The article seeks the regulationsintention closely the word on the basis of carefully studying thedifficult words“ Shi”( “事” )“ Ming” (“名”)“ Bi” (“譬”)accuratemeanings according to the disadvantage that the statements avoid to mention the definition of words, but vaguely explain the structure of name and definitions content. The article proposes a new interpretation of the regulations of echoism in order to make mutual credit and blend into one harmonious whole between the name, definition and the solution of example word, at the same time, the article proves the name motivation of “ imitative ” and “ pictophonetic character ” which are synonym of homogeneous to echoism

This paper deals with a planning problem for reentrant hybrid flow shop with serial stages consisted of parallel machines. In a reentrant operation, a product may revisit some stages several times and then it may cause the congestion of work in process (WIP) or equipment idleness. Preemptive goal programming based heuristics are proposed to maximize of throughput and to minimize of delayed customer demands in the hybrid flow shop.

본 연구는 인공지진파 및 기록 지진파를 이용하여, KBC2009 규준으로 설계된 강구조 건물의 거대 건물에 대한 내 력 여유도를 평가하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 검정에 있어서 콘크리트 슬래브로 층강성이 고정되어 있는 2-D 프레임을 고려하였고, 각각의 프레임을 구성하고 있는 보와 기둥 부재는 각 부재단에 소성힌지를 적용하 였다. 검정에 사용한 해석법은 응답 스펙트럼을 이용한 모드 해석과 기록 및 인공지진파를 이용한 시간이력해석을 선택하여 모델의 거동을 조사하였으며 해석에서는 P-delta 효과를 고려한다.

Studies on lead-free piezoelectrics have been attractive as means of meeting environmental requirements. We synthesized lead-free piezoelectric (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-Ba(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BNT-BCN) ceramics, and their dielectric, piezoelectric, and strain behavior were characterized. As BCN with a tetragonal phase was incorporated into the rhombohedral BNT lattice, the lattice constant increased. A small amount of BCN increased the density and dielectric constant forming the complete solid solution with BNT. However, BCN above 10 mol% was precipitated into a separate phase, and which was detected with XRD. In addition, EDX measurement revealed that Cu in BCN was not distributed homogeneously but was accumulated in a certain area. A lower density with a large amount of BCN was attributed to the nonsinterable property of BCN with large tetragonaliy. The dielectric constant vs the temperature change and the strain vs the electric field indicated that the ferroelectric property of BNT was diminished and paraelectric behavior was enhanced with the BCN addition. BNT-7.5BCN showed a 0.11% unimorph strain with a 9.0 kV/mm electric field with little hysteresis.

The present study focused on the synthesis of Bi-Te-Se-based powder by an oxide-reduction process, and analysis of the thermoelectric properties of the synthesized powder. The phase structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the synthesized powder were analyzed by XRD, EPMA and SEM. The synthesized powder was sintered by spark plasma sintering. The thermoelectric properties of the sintered body were evaluated by measuring its Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity. powder was synthesized from a mixture of , , and powders by mechanical milling, calcination, and reduction. The sintered body of the synthesized powder exhibited n-type thermoelectric characteristics. The thermoelectric properties of the sintered bodies depend on the reduction temperature. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of the sintered body were increased with increasing reduction temperature. The sintered body of the powder synthesized at showed about 0.5 of the figure of merit (ZT) at room temperature.

‘Magic Yellow’ 품종은 경남농업기술원 화훼연구소 에서 복색 홑꽃인 ‘Artist Pink’를 모본, 복색 홑꽃의 ‘SP03-47’을 부본으로 인공교배를 실시하여 2004에서 2008년에 걸쳐서 파종과 계통선발을 통해 육성하였다. 품종의 특성검정은 2006년부터 2008년까지 촉성재배 와 억제재배, 자연재배 조건 아래서 3회에 걸쳐 조사 하였다. ‘Magic Yellow’ 품종의 자연개화기는 10월18 일경으로 빠른 편이며, 일장조절에 의해 주년재배가 가 능하다. 초장이 120.2 cm로 크고 꽃 크기가 6.0 cm 인 스프레이국화로 착화수는 11.4개이다. 화색은 황색 과 적색을 가진 복색이며, 개화형태는 실린더형이다. 봄의 단일상태에서 ‘Magic Yellow’ 품종의 개화소요 일수는 45일 정도로 개화가 빠르며, 가을 절화수명 검 정에서 22.9일로 긴 편이다.

In a bi-fuel engine using gasoline and LPG fuel, with the current ignition timing for gasoline being used, the optimum performance could not be taken in LPG fuel supply mode. The ignition timing in LPG fuel mode must be advanced much more than that of gasoline mode for the compensation of its higher ignition temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the ignition spark timing conversion influences the engine performance of LPG/Gasoline Bi-Fuel engine. In order to investigate the engine performance during combustion, engine performance are sampled by data acquisition system, for example cylinder pressure, pressure rise rate and heat release rate, while change of the rpm(1500, 2000, 2500) and the ignition timing advance(5°, 10°, 15°, 20°). As the result, between 1500rpm, 2000rpm and 2500rpm, the cylinder pressure and pressure rise rate was increased when the spark ignition was advanced but pressure rise rate at 20° was smaller value.

마산만의 수질변화와 chlorophyll-a의 관계를 밝히고자 이 해역을 대표할 수 있는 4개 정점에서 2010년 2월부터 2010년 11월까지 강우와 기온을 포함한 기후학적 요인, 물리 화학적 요인, 그리고 chlorophyll-a의 변화를 집중 조사하였다. 그 결과, 수온, 염분, SS, 규산염은 정점별 차이를 보이지 않았으며, COD 및 DIN은 마산만 내만으로 갈수록 증가하였다. 시계열적으로는 여름철 집중 강우 시 마산만 지류 하천 및 낙

Bi co-doped ZnS:Mn,Bi yellow phosphors for white light emitting diodes were prepared by the conventional solidstate reaction method. The optical and structural properties of ZnS:Mn,Bi phosphors were investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electro microscopy and photoluminescence. ZnS:Mn,Bi phosphors showed XRD patterns of hexagonal structure. The photoluminescence of ZnS:Mn,Bi phosphors showed spectra extending from 480 to 700 nm, peaking at 580 nm. The photoluminescence of 580 nm in the ZnS:Mn,Bi phosphors was associated with the 4T1 → 6A1 transition of the Mn2+ ions. The highest photoluminescent intensity of the phosphors under 405 nm and 450 nm excitation was obtained at Bi concentration of 7mol%. The optimum mixing conditions with epoxy and yellow phosphor for white light emitting diodes were observed in a ratio of epoxy:yellow phosphor of 1:3.5. The CIE chromaticity of the white LED at the 1:3.5 ratio was X = 0.3454 and Y = 0.2449.

The p-type thermoelectric compounds of based doped with 3wt% Te were fabricated by a combination of rapid solidification and spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The effect of holding time during spark plasma sintering (SPS) on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermoelectric properties. The powders as solidified consisted of homogeneous thermoelectric phases. The thermoelectric figure of merit measured to be maximum () at the SPS temperature of .

The microstructure and positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) characteristics of 0.1mol%Na2Ti6O13doped 0.94BaTiO3-0.06(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BBNT-NT001) ceramics sintered at various temperatures from 1200oC to 1350oC wereinvestigated in order to develop eco-friendly PTCR thermistors with a high Curie temperature (TC). Resulting thermistors showeda perovskite structure with a tetragonal symmetry. When sintered at 1200oC, the specimen had a uniform microstructure withsmall grains. However, abnormally grown grains started to appear at 1250oC and a homogeneous microstructure with large grainswas exhibited when the sintering temperature reached 1325oC. When the temperature exceeded 1325oC, the grain growth wasinhibited due to the numerous nucleation sites generated at the extremely high temperature. It is considered that Na2Ti6O13 isresponsible for the grain growth of the 0.94BaTiO3-0.06(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics by forming a liquid phase during the sinteringat around 1300oC. The grain growth of the BBNT-NT001 ceramics was significantly correlated with a decrease of resistivity.All the specimens were observed to have PTCR characteristics except for the sample sintered at 1200oC. The BBNT-NT001ceramics had significantly decreased ñrt and increased resistivity jump with increasing sintering temperature at from 1200oC to1325oC. Especially, the BBNT-NT001 ceramics sintered at 1325oC exhibited superior PTCR characteristics of low resistivityat room temperature (122Ω·cm), high resistivity jump (1.28×104), high resistivity temperature factor (20.4%/oC), and a highTc of 157.9oC.

This study deals with the design of a bi-directional liquid damper for a SDOF structure. Two dampers are usually needed to reduce wind-induced responses of tall structures since they are along and across wind ones. The proposed damper has the advantage of controlling both responses with a single damper. The damper shows dynamic behavior of both tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) and tuned sloshing damper (TSD) in the direction of two axes perpendicular with each other. This paper presents experimental verification to confirm its control performance. First, shaking table test is carried out to investigate reducing responses of a SDOF structure by the damper. Control performance of the damper is expressed by the transfer function from shaking table accelerations to SDOF structure ones. Testing results show that the damper reduced bi-directional responses of a SDOF structure. Also, it reduced torsion responses. It was confirmed from system identification results that damping ratio of a SDOF structure increased by the bi-directional liquid damper.

‘Maigic’ 품종은 경남농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 복색 홑꽃인 ‘Artist Pink’를 모본, 복색 홑꽃인 ‘SP0347’을 부본으로 인공교배를 실시하여 2003년에서 2007년에 걸쳐서 파종과 계통선발을 통해 육성하였다. 품종의 특 성검정은 2005년부터 2007년까지 봄 촉성재배와 가을 억제재배 조건아래서 3회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. ‘Maigic’ 품종의 자연개화기는 10월26일경이며, 일장조절에 의해 주년재배가 가능하다. 꽃 크기가 6.1 cm인 중륜화로 꽃 하나의 꽃잎수가 31.6개정도이고 착화수는 14개 정도이다. 화색은 복색(백색/자주색)이며, 녹색화심을 가졌다. 봄의 단일상태에서 ‘Maigic’ 품종의 개화소요일수는 43일 정도 로 개화가 빠르며, 가을의 절화수명은 20.6일로 나타났다.

The present study focused on the synthesis of Bi-Sb-Te-based thermoelectric powder by an oxidereduction process. The phase structure, particle size of the synthesized powders were analyzed using XRD and SEM. The synthesized powder was sintered by the spark plasma sintering method. The thermoelectric property of the sintered body was evaluated by measuring the Seebeck coefficient and specific electric resistivity. The powder had been synthesized by a combination of mechanical milling, calcination and reduction processes using mixture of , and powders. The sintered body of the powder synthesized by an oxide-reduction process showed p-type thermoelectric characteristics, even though it had lower thermoelectric properties than the sintered body of the thermoelectric powder synthesized by the conventional melting-crushing method.

For the aim of low-temperature co-fired ceramic microwave components, sintering behavior and microwave properties (dielectric constant , quality factor Q, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ) are investigated in [BCZN] ceramics with addition of . The specimens are prepared by conventional ceramic processing technique. As the main result, it is demonstrated that the additives () show the effect of lowering of sintering temperature and improvement of microwave properties at the optimum additive content. The addition of 0.25 wt% lowers the sintering temperature to utilizing liquidphase sintering and show the microwave dielectric properties (dielectric constant = 75, quality factor = 572 GHz, temperature coefficient of resonance frequency ). The estimated microwave dielectric properties with addition (increase of , decrease of , shift of to negative values) can be explained by the observed microstrucure (sintered density, abnormal grain structure) and possibly high-permittivity (BZN) phase determined by X-ray diffraction.

A new commercial strain "Dan Bi" of Pleurotus eryngii was developed by intra-specific crossing between monokaryotic spores derived from KNR2312 and KNR2596, respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25℃ and that of fruiting body development was 15 -16℃. The primordia formation of "Dan Bi" was one day later than that of control strain KNR2312. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The shape of pileus was dome and has a scale like as cobweb. The yield was 93±4.8g/850cc plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial strain "Dan Bi" showed a different profile as that of the control strain KNR2312 when RAPD primer 8001, 8002, 8003, 8004, and 8005 were used. This new variety of King Oyster mushroom is characterized by a few primordia formation after scratching. It would be of much help to mushroom cultivators in a process of culling of P. eryngii.

Carbon-nanotube-embedded bismuth telluride (CNT/) matrix composites were fabricated by a powder metallurgy process. Composite powders, whereby 5 vol.% of functionalized CNTs were homogeneously mixed with alloying powders, were successfully synthesized by using high-energy ball milling process. The powders were consolidated into bulk CNT/ composites by spark plasma sintering process at for 10 min. The fabricated composites showed the uniform mixing and homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the matrix. Seebeck coefficient of CNT/ composites reveals that the composite has n-type semiconducting characteristics with values ranging to with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the significant reduction in thermal conductivity has been clearly observed in the composites. The results showed that CNT addition to thermoelectric materials could be useful method to obtain high thermoelectric performance.