본 연구는 기후변화(상승된 CO2 농도와 온도)가 낙엽성 주요 우점종 중 상수리나무, 굴참나무 및 졸참나무의 생육 및 생태적 지위에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 지구온난화처리구 조건을 유지시켜 생육시킨 후 그 결과를 상호 비교하였다. 대조구는 대기 중의 CO2 농도를 그대로 반영하였고, 온난화처리구는 대조구보다 CO2 농도는 약 1.6배, 온도는 2.2℃ 상승시켰다. 참나무 3종의 생육반응 결과, 상수리나무와 굴참나무는 온난화처리구에서 수분이 나 영양소 환경보다 광 환경에서 생육반응의 차이가 컸고, 낮은 광 환경에서 더욱 크게 반응하였다. 졸참나무는 광, 수분 및 영양소 환경에서 생육반응의 차이가 크지 않았다. 생태적 지위폭 결과, 상수리나무는 대조구보다 온난화처리 구의 광 구배에서 넓어졌고, 수분 및 영양소 구배에서는 좁 아졌다. 굴참나무는 대조구보다 온난화처리구의 광, 수분 및 영양소 구배에서 좁아졌다. 졸참나무는 대조구보다 온난 화처리구의 광 구배에서 넓어졌고 수분과 영양소 구배에서 는 좁아졌다. 생태적 지위 중복역 계산결과, 상수리나무와 굴참나무는 대조구보다 온난화처리구의 광 구배에서 넓어 졌고, 수분과 영양소 구배에서는 좁아졌다. 이러한 결과로 두 종은 광 환경에 대한 경쟁이 심해지고, 수분과 영양소 환경에 대한 경쟁이 약해질 것으로 판단된다. 상수리나무와 졸참나무는 대조구보다 온난화처리의 광, 수분 및 영양소 구배에서 좁아졌다. 이러한 결과로 두 종은 광, 수분 및 영양 소 환경에 대한 경쟁이 약해질 것으로 판단된다. 굴참나무 와 졸참나무는 대조구보다 온난화처리구의 광과 수분 구배 에서 좁아졌고, 영양소 구배에서 넓어졌다. 이러한 결과로 두 종은 광과 수분 환경에 대한 경쟁이 약해지고, 영양소 환경에 대한 경쟁이 심해질 것으로 판단된다. PCA 분석에 의하면, 대조구와 비교하여 온난화처리구에서 상수리나무 와 굴참나무가 더욱 가까이 배열하였고, 졸참나무는 상수리 나무와 굴참나무로부터 멀리 배열하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 지구온난화가 진행되면 상수리나무와 굴참나무는 유사 한 생태적 지위를 가지고 있어 경쟁이 더욱 심해질 것이며, 졸참나무는 지구온난화가 진행되어도 상수리나무 및 굴참 나무와는 경쟁이 심하지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

주남저수지는 오랜 옛날부터 동읍, 대산면 농경지에 필요 한 농업용수를 공급해주던 자연 늪이며, 산남(960,000m²), 주남(용산) (4,030,000m²), 동판(3,990,000m²) 3개의 저수 지로 이루어진 배후습지성 호수이다. 1970년대 중반까지만 해도 누구의 관심도 받지 못하는 거대 저수지일 뿐이었으며 ‘주남저수지’라는 명칭 또한 쓰지 않고 마을 이름을 따서 산남 늪, 용산 늪, 가월 늪이라 불렀다. 주남저수지는 인근주민에게 계절마다 민물새우, 민물조 개, 민물고기와 같은 먹을거리와 갈대, 억새와 같은 땔감을 제공하기도 했다. 주남저수지가 철새도래지로서 각광을 받 게 된 것은 1970년대 후반과 1980년대에 들어서면서 가창 오리 등 수 만 마리가 도래하여 월동하면서이다. 현재는 람 사르협약의 등록습지 기준에 상회하는 동양 최대의 철새도 래지로서 주목받고 있으며, 특히 두루미류의 중간 기착지 및 재두루미의 월동지로서 관심을 받고 있다. 또한 2008년 람사르습지총회 답사습지로 지정되었고 이후 저수지 인근 에 람사르문화관의 건립과 연꽃생태학습장 등의 건립으로 많은 사람들이 찾는 관광명소로 자리를 잡았다. 하지만 그 에 따른 부작용으로 호소 생태계 변화 및 사회적 갈등을 야기하게 되었다. 호소에는 다양한 생물상이 공존하고 있으 나 이에 대한 선행연구는 미흡한 실정이며 향후 호소 생태 계와 주변 환경에 영향파악을 위해서는 호소 생물상에 대한 철저한 파악이 중요할 것이다. 2003년, 2009년, 2013년의 수생 및 수변 식물군락의 비 교분석을 통해 주남저수지의 식생과 식물상의 변화를 고찰 하여 효용가능한 생태계를 보존하고 지키는데 있어서 필요 한 조사라 판단되어 본 연구를 시작하게 되었고, 본 연구는 나아가 생태계 보전관리와 더불어 합리적인 개발정책을 결 정하는데 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라고 사료된 다. 본 연구는 주남저수지를 대상으로 2003년과 2008년, 2013년의 8월 초, 중순, 말 각각 3차례에 걸쳐 현장조사를 실시하였다. 수생 및 수변식물이 밀집되는 두개 지점을 중 점적으로 조사가 진행되었고 그 외 전체 수변을 도보로 이 동하며 식물상 및 식생조사가 이루어졌다. 식물상 조사는 현장조사와 문헌조사가 함께 이루어졌으 며 현장조사는 환경부의 조사지침의 방법에 따라 실시하였 다. 채집 및 관찰된 식물은 식물명고, 원색한국기준식물도 감, 대한식물도감, 원색대한식물도감, 한국귀화식물원색도 감, 멸종위기야생 동․식물화보집을 참고하여 분류 및 동정 하였고 경남지역 습지생태계 기본현황조사, 낙동강수계 호 소 환경 및 생태 조사를 참고하였으며 분류체계는 Engler의 분류체계에 따랐다. 식생조사는 Z-M학파(Zurich-Montpellier school)의 식 물사회학적 조사방법에 따라 교목과 관목은 각각 10m×10m, 5m × 5m 방형구를 설치하여 수목의 피도, 군도 등을 조사하고, 초본은 2m × 2m, 1m × 1m 방형구를 설치 하여 피도와 빈도를 조사하여 우점종을 결정하였다. 조사지 역의 식물군락의 명칭은 상관과 식생조사표의 종조성에 의 해서 결정하였으며 표본구는 그 Stand의 가장 전형적인 장 소에 설치하였다. Braun-Blanquet(1964)17의 피도와 군도에 의한 전추정 법(Total estimation method)을 이용하여 조사지에 출현하 는 수생식물을 기록하여 군락을 분류하고(Muller-Dombois, D. and H. Ellenberg. 197418), 이들 분류단위와 우점종의 생활형을 기준으로 한 상관(physiognomy)에 의한 방법을 사용하여 구획법(Zonal approach)으로 현존식생도를 작성 하였다. 2003년 주남저수지의 식생은 주로 마름이 우점한 가운데 11개 군락유형으로 나타났었고, 습생․수생식물은 27과 43 속 54종 12변종으로 총 66종이 기록되었다. 이중 정수식물 (EM)이 18분류군으로 27.27%를 차지하며 가장 큰 점유율 을 나타내었고, 습생식물(HG)이 15분류군으로 22.73%, 침 수식물(SM)이 16분류군으로 24.24%, 부엽식물(FL)이 12분류군으로 18.18%, 부유식물(FF)이 5분류군으로 7.58% 로 나타났다. 2009년 주남저수지의 식생은 수면부를 우점하던 마름의 분포가 나타나지 않았고 수변으로 줄군락이 우점하였으며 8개의 군락유형이 나타났다. 습생․수생식물은 23과 37속 42 종 6변종 1품종으로 총 49종류로 기록되었으며 이중 정수 식물(EM)이 19분류군으로 38.78%를 차지하며 가장 큰 점 유율을 나타냈고, 습생식물(HG)이 14분류군으로 28.57%, 부엽식물(FL)은 7분류군으로 14.29%, 침수식물(SM)이 6 분류군으로 12.24%, 부유식물(FF)이 3분류군으로 6.12% 로 나타났다. 2013년 주남저수지의 식생은 마름이 우점한 가운데 연꽃 군락이 확장되었고 8개 군락유형이 나타났다. 습생․수생식 물은 24과 43속 52종 8변종으로 총 60종류가 기록되었으며 이중 습생식물(HG)이 25분류군으로 41.67%를 차지하며 가장 큰 점유율을 나타내었고, 정수식물(EM)이 18분류군 으로 30.00%, 침수식물(SM)은 6분류군으로 10.00%, 부엽 식물(FL)은 8분류군으로 13.33%, 부유식물(FF)은 3분류군 으로 5.00%로 나타났다. 주남저수지의 식생변화는 2003년도에는 대부분이 수면 부에 마름이 우점하며 서부지역에 가시연꽃군락이 형성되 었으나 2009년도에는 수위의 급격한 변화로 인하여 부엽식 물인 마름과 가시연꽃군락이 형성되지 않은 것으로 사료되 고 2013년도 조사시에는 수변부는 연꽃의 광범위한 군락형 성은 주남저수지의 체험학습프로그램을 겸한 연꽃단지 조 성 혹은 상류 연꽃밭으로 부터 떠내려 온 종자가 유입하여 군락을 형성하였을 가능성이 보인다. 1987년 자료와 1989년의 자료, 2003년, 2009년의 자료 를 비교한 결과 연꽃군락은 유입에 의해 확산된 것이라고 보여지며 이 연꽃의 확장은 높은 피음도로 인하여 멸종위기 보호종 2급인 가시연꽃 및 기타 다른 수생식물들에 영향을 미칠 것이라 사료되며 이에 대한 대책이 필요하다고 사료된 다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of FES and ankle mobilization on the ankle motion and the quality of gait of chronic hemiplegic patients with limited ankle joint motions. As research subjects, 24 chronic hemiplegic patients who could walk independently, regardless of assistive aids, were selected. Then, 8 subjects received mobilization randomly and 8 subjects received FES and 8 subjects received mobilization and FES, at the same time. The dorsiflexion PROM significantly increased in the group of mobilization therapy, mobilization and FES all together(p<.01). There were statistically significant differences among the three groups(p<.01). The 10m walking test significantly decreased in the group of mobilization therapy, mobilization and FES all together(p<.05). There were statistically significant differences among the three groups(p<.01). The gait velocity significantly increased in the group of mobilization therapy, FES therapy, mobilization and FES all together(p<.05). There were statistically significant differences among the three groups(p<.01). The stride length significantly increased in the group of mobilization therapy, mobilization and FES all together(p<.05). There were statistically significant differences among the three groups(p<.05). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that rather than only using one treatment technique, applying mobilization and FES together brings a more satisfactory result to hemiplegic patients with limited ankle joint motions.

Sediment basin that is typical facility installed for development business to prevent soil erosion has low removal efficiency and therefore, it causes complaints from the residents and has a bad effect on ecosystem.Thus there is a limit to control soil erosion using the existing design methods of sediment basin, so the purposes of this study is providing suitable design factors for sediment basin with regarding soil characteristic of development areas and analysing sedimentation characteristic by inflow concentration changes.The results, for analyzing the sedimentation characteristic by soil concentrations within approximately 2,000 ~ 20,000 mg/L of initial SS concentration, indicated similar sedimentation trends for same soil in the supernatant regardless of initial concentrations. However, for different soil characteristic (percent finer), there are different results in sedimentation rate and concentrations of the supernatant.Thus it is recommended that sediment basin to prevent soil erosion during construction should be designed based on retention time derived from soil sedimentation experiments regardless of inlet concentration. In addition, installing the soil erosion prevention facility at the back to satisfy effluent water quality should be considered to minimize soil erosion effectively.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of speed limit change that is defined as the amount of increased travel speed. METHODS: A ordered logit model was adopted to analyze the relationship between the change in travel speed and contributing factors. A stretch of Kyungbu freeway was selected for the analysis because the Korea expressway corporation has raised speed limit from 100km/h to 110km/h since September 1st in 2010. RESULTS: The results showed that geometric design elements, speeding cameras, and section length were identified as factors contributing the effectiveness. Contributing geometric design elements include the number of horizontal curves and vertical curves that do not meet the design requirement with 110km/h speed limit. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of this study will be used for establishing various traffic operations and control strategies for freeway speed management.

Source criticism is very important on the research of architectural history as well as general history. In this point this research studied on the original form and change of Dokrak-dang that is very important building in architectural history of Korea. The result is as in the following. Dokrak-dang that Whoijae built at first was three by two kans size that had daecheong of four kans and ondol-bang of two kans. Gye-jeong that Whoijae built was three kans size that had daecheong of two kans and ondol-bang of one kan. After Whoijae died, Dokrak-dang’s ondol-bang was changed to maru between 1555 and 1556 and ondol-bang in west side and stack room was added in 1630. Gye-jeong was changed to ㄱ-shaped floor plan that was added up two kans from three kan’s ‘一’-shaped one.

Insects reflect climate change dramatically because insects are poikilotherm and have huge biodiversity. Also, the prediction of insect distribution is very significant due to the position of this group giving diverse ecological services including their extraordinary economic importance. Accurate modeling of geographic distributions of insect species is crucial to various applications in ecology and conservation. The best performing techniques often require some parameter tuning, which may be prohibitively time-consuming to do separately for each species, or unreliable for small or biased data sets. The purpose of this study is to introduce and compare several models to predict insect distribution under climate change in Korea. This work would be helpful to researchers or decision makers by giving practical advice, for example, kinds of input/output data, applicability to GIS, to select appropriate model to predict insect distribution.

Model systems, if applied appropriately, give useful and rapid predictions of the potential distribution and population dynamics of the target species. Insect populations are poikilothermal animal and readily applied to model systems in several ways. Classical insect population models are focused on management purposes, for example, prediction of first occurrence period after cold weather season. Insect populations are distributed neither uniformly nor at random, or they are aggregated in patches, or they form gradients of other kinds of spatial structures which are closely related to their natural resources. Thus, developing insect population models should be considered not only with their physiological development and/or occurrence but also with their spatial distributions including their hosts. In this study, we discuss spatial distribution model of insect population with their host in order to future climate change scenario in Korea.

The recent theory in L2 motivation has proposed viewing motivation as possible selves such as ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and L2 learning experiences to complement the limitation of traditional socio-educational model. The purpose of the study was to test the traditional integrativeness and L2 motivational self system in Korean EFL college contexts and how those motivations have developed over time through a cross-sectional study. A total of five hundred fifty five college students taking English as elective in Korea completed the motivation questionnaires. The results showed that both traditional integrative motivations and L2 motivational self system have increased positively over time at college. The post-hoc test revealed that the senior students developed significantly higher motivations than the freshmen in integrative orientation, attitudes towards learning English, and criterion measures. L2 motivational self system such as ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and L2 learning experiences better predicted motivated behaviors than integrative motivations even though both had significant correlations. Theoretic discussions were made for L2 motivations.

This studies were conducted to develop cultivation methods on three Asclepiadaceae fami-lies(Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight and Metaplexis japonica Makino) ofwhich products are conventionally used as medicinal materials by analyzing plant growth. The variationof leaf weight of Asclepiadaceae families showed culmination point at August 15, and the stem showedhighest growth on August 30. The root weight increased linearly during the growth. The days for sprout-ing was most shortened in the Cynanchum wilfordii as 18 days, and C. auriculatum, Metaplexis japonicafollowed after. The seed harvesting dates was Oct. 8 in the Cynanchum wilfordii, Oct. 23 in the Metaplexisjaponica, and Nov. 1 in the C. auriculatum, respectively.

본고는 교과서 관련 정책의 변화와 그에 따른 한문 교과서 개발 방향에 탐색해 보는 데 목적이 있다. 교과서는 오랜 기간 학교 교육의 중심적인 교육 자료로 활용되어 오면서, 내용 체제와 외형 체제에 있어 많은 변화와 발전을 거듭하였다. 교과서 관련 정책도 교수요목기부터 2009 개정 교육과정기인 현재까지 끊임없이 변화되어 왔다. 현재 정부는 ‘꿈과 끼를 키우는 행복교육으로 전환’이라는 목표 하에 ‘참고서가 필요없는 교과서 완결 학습 체제’란 교과서 관련 정책을 추진하고 있다. 이 정책은 ‘현행 교육과정을 토대로 핵심역량을 개발하고 자기 주도적 학습 등을 유도하기 위해 교과서 개선 및 지원 강화’와 ‘서책형 교과서와 연계한 디지털교과서의 개발로 언제, 어디서나, 자기 주도적 학습이 가능한 교과서 중심 학습 환경 구축’이 주요 내용이다. 따라서 2015년에 개정될 교육과정에 따른 한문교과서는 교과서의 분량을 통해 학습량을 경감하는 물리적 방식이 아니라 핵심적이고 필수적인 내용을 중심으로 교과서 내용을 구성하여 학생들의 학습 부담을 경감해야 하며, 학습 안내 및 참고자료 등을 다양하게 제시하여 자기 주도적 학습을 지원하도록 하는 방향으로 개발되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

In online game, Game-bot is a kind of AI based software which performs laborious tasks for a game-player to accumulate resources such as experience, in-game items. The game-bot causes serious problems of balancing and other game-players’ play in the game. So, detecting and avoiding game-bot’s behaviors in online game is one of the important issues in live game management. This paper proposes a study on a player reaction in MMORPG environment focused on two games of 「TERA」 and 「Knight Online」. We first characterize core game-elements to affect a player’s reaction in game environment change and finally propose a template of a player’s reaction in the game environment change. The paper will contribute to detect a behavior of a game-bot in online-game, effectively.

흑마늘을 이용하여 와인을 제조해보고 숙성 칩의 종류에 따른 향기 성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 흑마늘 와인을 제조한 후, 저장 조건으로 미국산 칩과 프랑스산 칩을 이용하여 3개월간 10oC에서 숙성하여 흑마늘 와인을 완성하였다. 향기 성분을 분석을 위하여 GC/MS를 이용하였다. 미국산 칩을 사용한 경우 주요 향기성분으로 2-methyl-1- propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, allyl methyl sulfide가 검출되었다. 프랑스산 칩을 사용한 경우 에는 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-heptanone, 1,1-diethoxyethane, N-amino32- hydroxypropanamidate, n-butylamine, chloroacetonitrile, allyl methyl sulfide가 주요성분으로 검출되었다. 미국산 칩을 사용한 와인에서 과일향성분인 n-propylacetate, butanoic acid, octanoic acid가 상대적으로 높게 검출되었고, 흑마늘에서 기인된 allyl methyl sulfide는 미국산 칩을 사용한 경우에서만 검출이 되었다. Acetic acid는 프랑스산 칩을이 용한 경우에만 검출되었다.

Recently the rapid changes of the social environment make both university and every each department should have to renovate and adjust all of the educational components. The most dominant and issuable change of business administration education is the Business Education Accreditation which was certified by the KABEA(Korean Association of Business Education Accreditation). And the only two department of fisheries business administration which in Gyeongsang National University and Pukyong National University has been accredited recently. Though The department of fisheries business administration in Korea has been influenced by that Accreditation, there is few research and analysis on educational change. So it is very important that research on the curricular constitution and change of the curriculum for considering the its own effect and influence. This paper aims to explore the curricular constitution, change and course fulfillment of fisheries business administration after the business education accreditation based on the case of the department of fisheries business administration in Gyeongsang National University. The analysis of fisheries business administration change will help develop sustainable curriculum and give more guideline for identifying the core of fisheries business administration. The method of analysing that in this research has adopt the social network analysis(SNA) and automated software tool which is the most dominant technique in contents analysis including the Krkwics and Pajek. The SNA is evaluated that most popular, rigorous and firm methodology for analyzing, examining and revising some concepts or objects in the context of semantics. The result of this study shows that the ratio of fisheries business administration class has been decreased but still the most fulfilled course. And English mediated class has been avoided though that sort of the class has been increased. In the view point of course fulfillment, it has been potential and inefficient problems that some classes that including financial related and accounting related class would not been accomplished appropriately. The findings of a graduate depth interview which has been done about 4 years for understanding that student show that there’s some recognition gap of fisheries business administration in staffs of human resource management. And the level of job satisfaction in fisheries business still somewhat low and even worse the chance of recruitment also unsteady.

This study is to analyse the timing of the structural change of price volatility and the asymmetry of price volatility during the period before and after the timing of the structural change of price volatility using Jeju Farming Olive Flounder’s production area market price data from January 1, 2007 to June 30, 2013. The analysis methods of Quandt-Andrews break point test and Threshold GARCH model are employed. The empirical results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the result of Quandt-Andrews break point test shows that a single structural change in price volatility occurred on May 4, 2010 over the sample period. Second, during the period before structural change, daily price change rate has averagely positive value which means price increase, but during the period after structural change daily price change rate has averagely negative value which means price decrease. Also, daily volatility of price change rate during the period before structural change is higher than during the period after structural change. This indicates that price volatility decreases after structural change. Third, the estimation results of Threshold GARCH Model show that the volatility response against price increase is larger during the period after structural change than during the period before structural change. Also the result shows the volatility response against price decrease is larger during the period after structural change than during the period before structural change. And, irrespective of the timing of structural change, price increase has an larger effect on volatility than price decrease. This means volatility is asymmetric at price increase.

Global climate change has become a major issue which affects the humanity and nature around the world. Caused primarily by human actions of unabated greenhouse gas emission and deforestation, the destructive effects of climate change have become more frequent and intense during the past decades. As climate change is a global problem, addressing its causes and consequences also requires global responses. While climate change is caused by people from various parts of the world, its impacts disproportionately affect people in coastal regions and islands around the world, and marginalized poor communities in developing countries. Everyone in the planet has a role in addressing climate change, but governments, non governmental organizations (NGOs,), and corporations have broader roles and responsibilities. Due to their mission alignments to protect the environment and conserve nature, environmental NGOs play several vital roles in the fightagainst climate change. Environmental NGOs and international NGOs are in a unique position to respond, and to facilitate the involvement of other sectors in mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change. This article discusses some of the roles and responsibilities of NGOs in addressing climate change.

The temple Hoeamsa(檜巖寺) was repaired by Naong(懶翁), and with this the power of the temple became far greater to be the greatest Buddhist temple during late Goryeo and early Joseon. Naong’s reconstruction of Hoeamsa was originated from Jigong(指空)’s teaching ‘Samsan Yangsu(三山兩水).’ But it is not clear whether Samsan Yangsu really meant Hoeamsa. By the way, after 14 years, Naong suddenly remembered this word and began to repair Hoeamsa in a large scale. From this, we can guess that Naong tried to give the contemporary Buddhism some change through the repair of Hoeamsa. But, as King Gongmin(恭愍王) the greatest supporter of Naong was suddenly assassinated, the political situation changed a lot and Naong also died unexpectedly. Naong’s death brought out the critical sense to Hoeamsa and, in the process to resolve the crisis, the repair of Hoeamsa began to be justified through diverse religious factors. As these were expanded and developed on and one, Hoeamsa came to be honored as the most divine temple in Korea during the early Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, into the cause structure for the Naong’s repair of Hoeamsa, the influence of Jajang was added through Odaesan Buddhism. As we can well understand, late Silla situation of Jajang and the late Goryeo of Naong were very similar and the both Buddhist leaders should have derived out some religious solution for them. In other words, both of them had a similar recognition in finding the religious solution for the contemporary crises. It becomes a way to understand the Hoeamsa repairing structure taken by Naong and his disciples. Therefore, by comparing the similar religious solution structures given by Jajang and Naong and by clearer understanding on Samsan Yangsu spirit, we can see the repair of Hoeamsa and the related aspects more accurately.

PURPOSES : To operate more efficient traffic management system, it is utmost important to detect the change in congestion level on a freeway segment rapidly and reliably. This study aims to develop classification method of congestion change type. METHODS: This research proposes two classification methods to capture the change of the congestion level on freeway segments using the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) data and the vehicle detection system (VDS) data. For developing the classification methods, the decision tree models were employed in which the independent variable is the change in congestion level and the covariates are the DSRC and VDS data collected from the freeway segments in Korea. RESULTS : The comparison results show that the decision tree model with DSRC data are better than the decision tree model with VDS data. Specifically, the decision tree model using DSRC data with better fits show approximately 95% accuracies. CONCLUSIONS : It is expected that the congestion change type classified using the decision tree models could play an important role in future freeway traffic management strategy.