혼합 싹채소의 MAP에 적합한 포장재를 선발하기 위해 알팔파, 브로콜리, 양배추, 무, 그리고 적무의 혼합 싹채소를 50μm 두께의 low-density polyethylene 필름(PE 50), 50μm 두께의 polypropylene 필름(PP 50), 50μm 두께의 ceramic 필름(CE 50), 25μm 두께 ceramic 필름(CE 25), 10~13μm 두께의 polyethylene film(wrap), 그리고 통기구가 있는 polyethylene terephthalate 박스(box)로 포장하여 8℃에서 저장 비교하였다. 저장 중 혼합 싹채소의 생체중은 7%의 감소를 보인 box처리구를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 2% 미만의 감소만을 보였다. 포장재 내부 대기는 필름 종류에 따라 차이를 보였다. CE 25는 산소와 이산화탄소 모두 5% 수준이었으나, PE 50과 CE 50은 이보다 높은 이산화탄소와 낮은 산소 농도를 보였는데, 이러한 대기 조성 변화가 이들 처리구에서 가장 이취가 가장 심했던 원인이라 생각된다. 저장 10일째 포장재 내 에틸렌 농도는 box가 가장 낮았고, 다음으로 PP 50, wrap, CE 25의 순서로 높았으며 외관상 품질이 저하가 가장 심하였던 PE 50과 CE 50에서 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 1% 미만의 생체중 감소와 5% 수준의 이산화탄소와 산소 농도, 그리고 4ppm 이하의 에틸렌 농도를 보인 CE 25가 혼합 싹채소에 가장 적합한 포장재인 것으로 나타났다.

This study was performed to analysis the concentration of TVOC, 5VOC and formaldehyde for building material of total 262 using 20L test chamber. The concentration of TVOC, 5VOC and formaldehyde were measured 1.001㎎/㎡･h, 43.032㎍/㎡･h, 0.012㎎/㎡･h, respectively. TVOC concentration of paint and floor covering occupied the largest concentration of the indoor building materials as 2.689㎎/㎡･h, 2.120㎎/㎡･h, respectively. 5VOC concentration of floor covering was measured 106.636㎍/㎡･h. Toulene and xylene were occupied the largest part of the 5VOC as 51.2% and 33.1%, respectively. The concentration of formaldehyde for furniture materials occupied the largest concentration of the indoor building material as 0.072㎎/㎡h.

Silver coated copper composite powders were prepared by electroless plating method by controlling the activation and deposition process variables such as feeding rate of silver ions solution, concentration of reductant and molar ratio of activation solution at room temperature. The characteristics of the product were verified by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption (A.A.). It is noted that completely cleansing the copper oxide layers and protecting the copper particles surface from hydrolysis were important to obtain high quality Ag-Cu composite powders. The optimum conditions of Ag-Cu composite powder synthesis were molar ratio 4, concentration of reductant 15g/l and feeding rate of silver ions solution 2 ml/min.

The nematicidal activity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome-derived materials (methanol extract, steam distillate, and powder) toward M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) was examined using residual contact toxicity and pot bioassays. In residual contact toxicity bioassays with J2, the active principles of K. galanga rhizome were identified as the phenylpropanoids ethyl cinnamate (EC, 1) and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EMC, 2) by spectroscopic analysis. EC exhibited 95% and 49% mortality at 0.06 and 0.04 mg/ml toward J2, respectively, whereas EMC showed 98% and 63% mortality at 0.1 and 0.08 mg/ml. In pot tests with J2, K. galanga rhizome methanol extract gave 92% and 82% mortality at 100 and 20 mg/50g soil, respectively. Steam distillate gave 88% and 68% mortality at 85 and 42.5 mg/50g soil, respectively, whereas rhizome powder provided 83% and 62% mortality at 400 and 200 mg/50g soil. K. galanga rhizome-derived materials, particularly EC and EMC, merit further study as potential root-knot nematode control agents or leads because of their great activity as a nematicide.

Ultrafine TiC-5%Co powders were synthesized by spray drying of aqueous solution of TiO slurry and cobalt nitrate, followed by calcination and carbothermal reaction. The oxide powders with carbon powder was reduced and carburized at under hydrogen atmosphere. During reduction, CO gas was mainly evolved by reducing reaction of oxides. Ultrafine TiC-5%Co powders were easily formed by carbothermal reaction at due to using ultrafine powders as raw materials. The ultrafine WC-TiC-Co alloy prepared by sintering of mixed powder of ultrafine WC-13%Co powder and ultrafine TiC-5%Co powder has higher sintered density and mechanical properties than WC-TiC-Co alloy prepared by commercial WC, TiC and Co powders

Understanding the exact structure and surface characteristics of carbon materials is very important for design, synthesis, and utilization of the best carbon form with particular functions and high performance for practical applications such as selective adsorption adsorbents, energy storage materials, catalysts or catalyst supports, etc. This review paper focuses on carbon surface properties and the interaction between gaseous or liquid substances and carbon surface. Catalytic functions of carbon materials are reviewed including recent progress in synthesis and applications of nano-carbons.

Many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) were used for the plant protection, furthermore they support the growth of crops in the greenhouses and the kindly environment friendly farming. Natural enemies might be used for control of insect pest with EFAMs at the same space and time. For testing the toxicity of EFAMs against to natural enemies, 10 EFAMs were selected and tested in small greenhouses and farm"s fields. In case of Harmonia axyridis larva, there was no predacious activity against cotton aphids in the block with EFAMMo L, EFAMPE D, EFAMME G and EFAMAE A, otherwise, aphid population was rapidly decreased in the control block without EFAMs. Both of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa population were slightly decreased in the block with EFAMs. There were significantly decreased in the block with IEFAM C, FEFAM D, EFAMSM Band EFAMPE D compared with control area. Especially, there was significantly maintained a very low population, both T. vaporariorum and E. formosa in the block with EFAMMo C. The parasitized ratio of Aphidius colemani is also very low in the block with EFAMs compared with control area. In the block with IEFAM C, FEFAM D, EFAMPE D and EFAMMo L, there were significantly different with control area in the number of mummies. Otherwise, in case of Diglyphus isaea and Liriomyza trifolii, there was no significantly different between blocks with and without EFAMs. In the block with EFAMMo C, Tetranychus urticae and Phytoseiulus persimilis populations were significantly maintained a very low level. However, the population of T. urticae was increased, but P. persimilis was decreased in the block with EFAMMo L.

Indoor air quality can be affected by indoor sources, ventilation, outdoor levels, and removal. Various indoor and outdoor combustion sources make nitrogen dioxide(NO2), which is a by-product of high temperature fossil fuel combustion. Especially, the presence of gas ranges and smoking have been identified as two of the major factors contributing to indoor NO2 exposures. In this study, the relative efficiencies for NO2 removal by a large number of materials are presented. This work has demonstrated that reactions with indoor surfaces represents a significant sink for NO2, and that these reactions currently are effecting a considerable degree of control over indoor NO2 levels. It seems that this control could be enhanced by judicious selection of furnishings and construction materials. Improved understanding of that rates and mechanisms of the removal process will permit optimization of the process for indoor air quality improvement.

  In this paper, we consider an inventory system where a single supplier purchases and processes raw materials into finished goods in order to deliver finished goods to a single buyer for effective implementation of Just-In-Time Purchasing. An integrated

Electrical optical switching and structural transformation of Ge15Sb85, Sb65Se35 and N2.0 sccm doped Sb83Si17 were studied to investigate the phase change characteristics for PRAM application. Sb-based materials were deposited by a RF magnetron co-sputtering system and the phase change characteristics were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a static tester and a four-point probe. Doping Ge, Se or Si atoms reinforced the amorphous stability of the Sb-based materials, which affected the switching characteristics. The crystallization temperature of the Sb-based materials increased as the concentration of the Ge, Se or Si increased. The minimum time of Ge15Sb85, Sb65Se35 and N2.0 sccm doped Sb83Si17 for crystallization was 120, 50 and 90 ns at 12 mW, respectively. Sb65Se35 was crystallized at 170˚C. In addition, the difference in the sheet resistances between amorphous and crystalline states was higher than 104Ω/γ.

Recently, all kind of 21C-typed electronic goods show the tendency of hightechnology and digital convergence rapidly. Also, failure mechanism which differs from original goods concept presents. Today, failure mechanism which differs from one that was happened by restricted harmful environment material before adapted the raw of environment material is changing the paradigm of reliability engineering. Thus, when applied the environment matter of original and secondary material at the electronic goods were removed, reliability assessment method and prediction stay into low level. This study suggests as solution to overcome these phenomenon. The study on the management method of environmental restriction substances which is recognized as important element in the reliability assessment about environment material of electronic goods and the study on reliability assessment method of PWB without environment material are progressed.

Carbon/silicon composites were synthesized by mixing silicon powders with petroleum pitch and subsequent heat-treatment. The resultant composites were composed of carbon and nano-size crystalline silicon identified by XRD and EDX. FIB images and SEM images were taken respectively to detect the existence of silicon impregnated in carbon and the distribution of silicon on the carbon surface. The obtained carbon/silicon materials were assembled as half cell anodes for lithium ion secondary battery and their electrochemical properties were tested. The pitch/silicon composite (3 : 1 wt. ratio) heat treated at 1000℃ and mixed with 55.5 wt.% of graphite showed relatively good electrochemical properties such as the initial efficiency of 78%, the initial discharge capacity of 605 mAh/g, and the discharge capacity of 500 mAh/g after 20 cycles.

건조 후 장식용 리스를 만들기 적합한 자생식물을 조사하기 위해 2004년 4월부터 12월까지 한국 여러 지역을 탐사하여 21cm×21cm×6cm의 포장상자에 맞는 크기로 제작한 장식가치가 있는 자생식물은 46종류로 조사되었다. 이 중 가장 손쉽게 구할 수 있으며 건조 하기 쉽고 제작하기 쉬우며 외국에서 제작 판매하지 않는 식물은, 비름과의 비름, 국화과의 사철쑥, 산쑥, 물쑥, 화본과의 참억새, 갈대, 금강아지풀, 강아지풀, 꿀풀과의 배초향, 향유, 꽃향유, 마편초과의 순비기나 무, 그리고 글리세린 처리 잎을 이용한 측백나무과의 향나무, 눈향나무, 소나무과의 구상나무, 오엽송, 주목 과의 주목, 그리고 가지를 이용한 노박덩굴과의 화살나 무인 18종류로 조사되었다.