국제해사기구(IMO)는 회원국 정부에 대해 SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, LL, TONNAGE, COLREG 등 6개 주요 국제협약의 이행수준을 증진시키기 위하여 회원국 감사제도(MAS)를 채택하고 있다. 이 감사제도는 회원국의 요청에 따라 실시하는 자발적인 감사이나 우리나라는 국제신인도 및 해운산업 경쟁력을 제고하기 위하여 수감을 준비하고 있다. 본 연구는 MAS 대상 6개 협약의 이행 현황 분석을 토대로 MAS 수감에 소요되는 비용과 감사 결과의 효과를 계량화하여 동 감사제도 도입의 타당성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. MAS 도입에 따른 비용편익분석 결과 편익/비용 비율이 200 정도로 나타나 투자비용에 비해 편익 효과가 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다.

A solid stage sinterizacion model of the WC-Co is applied on this work. These results are compaired with the experimental data obtained for nanometric and micrometric sinter powder in an electric furnace and micrometric in a plasma reactor (using Abnormal Glow Discharge AGD). The correlations obtained allow the prediction of the sintering behavior in AGD for nanometric powder. The activation of the solid state sintering is shown with the decraease of the WC size and the use of AGD

This paper aims at designing an accelerated life test sampling plan for bulk material and showing its application for an arc-welded gas pipe. It is an integrated model of the accelerated life test procedure and bulk sampling procedure. The accelerated life tests were performed by the regulation, RSD 0005 of ATS at KITECH and bulk sampling was used for acceptance. Design parameters might be total sample size(segments and increments), stress level and so on. We focus on deciding the sample size by minimizing the asymptotic variance of test statistic as well as satisfying consumer's risk under Weibull life time distribution with primary information on shape parameter.

인터넷 웹브라우저(Internet Web Browser) ‘주소창’에 입력되는‘표준URL 형식이 아닌 문자’를 획득하기 위한 업계의 경쟁이 치열해지고 있다. 법원은 이 경쟁의 공정한 규칙으로 인터넷 이용자의 동의라는 기준을 제시하고 있다. 이런 입장은 논리적으로는 타당해 보이나, 이 기준에서는 인터넷 이용자의 동의를 얻기 위한 사업자들의 경쟁은 더욱 치열해 질 수 있고, 그러한 경쟁 과정에서 인터넷 이용자들은‘주소창 키워드’의 편리함보다는 오히려 그 경쟁에 지쳐 관련 서비스에서 멀어질 가능성이 훨씬 크다는 점에서 현실적 타당성은 적어 보인다. 웹브라우저 ‘주소창’은 URL, 즉 인터넷 정보의 주소를 입력하기 위해 고안된 창이다. 따라서 ‘주소창 키워드 서비스’는 ‘주소서비스’ 모델로 제공되는 것이 가장 타당해 보인다‘. 주소창’이또다른 형태의 검색창이 될 때‘검색질의값’을 얻기 위한 또 다른 경쟁이 격화될 수 있으며, 새로운 시장으로 개척된‘키워드 주소 서비스’시장은 사라지게 될 것이다. 물론‘주소 모델’의‘주소창 키워드 서비스’도 문제가 없는 것은 아니다. ‘주소’는 유일(uniqueness)해야 그 기능을 제대로 할 수 있으나, ‘주소창 키워드 서비스’의 경우 1개 업체가 독점하거나 단일한 표준이 제정되지 않으면‘유일한 키워드 주소’란 가능하지 않고, 따라서 ‘주소창 키워드’에 의한‘주소서비스’는 유명무실해 질 수 있다.‘ 주소모델’의‘주소창키워드서비스’를위해 표준의 제정이 필수적인 이유가 여기에 있다. 아직 업계가 모두 합의한 또는 강제력이 있는 표준이 제정되지는 않았지만, 한국정보통신기술협회의 ‘단체표준’이 이미 제정되어 있으므로, 이를 기초로하여 권위있는 기관과 이해관계자들이 함께 노력한다면 표준을 제정하는 것이 불가능한 일만은 아닐 것으로 보인다.

목적 : 본 연구는 국내에서 많이 사용되고 있는 표준화된 인지 검사 도구인 한국판 간이 정신상태 판별검사(MMSE-K)와 알렌 인지 수준 판별 검사(ACLS)를 정상노인을 대상으로 일반적인 특성을 비교하고 수행점수간의 상관관계를 구하여 타당도를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 2005년 9월 20일부터 11월 8일까지 원주 지역사회 노인복지과에 등록된 노인 중(60～89세) 평가를 허락한 정상노인 50명을 대상으로 MMSE-K와 ACLS에 능숙한 작업치료사가 ACLS와 MMSE-K를 각각 평가하였다. 결과 : ACLS와 연령과는 역상관관계를(r=-.417), 학력과는 정적상관관계(r=.359)를 나타내었으며 유의하였다. MMSE-K의 수행결과 연령과는 역상관관계를, 학력과는 정적상관관계를 보였으며, ACLS와 MMSE-K의 수행점수는 두 검사도구간의 유의한 정적상관관계( r=.439)를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 ACLS는 MMSE-K와 유의한 정적 상관관계를 가진 도구로 확인되었으며 인지기능수준이 떨어지는 노인 및 환자를 대상으로 인지평가시 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

This paper reports the current situation of English and English education in North Korea. Two approaches are taken to achieve the goal: One is to examine social attitudes and government approaches to English education. Interviews with defectors from North Korea, newspaper reports and other related literature are used. The other is to analyze middle school English textbooks and research articles to reveal the current practice of English language teaching at schools. The results show that North Korean government and people are interested in learning and teaching English and they take various measures to improve English learning to meet national or individual goals. English seems to be considered as a way of improving their economic situations and finding a better opportunity for many North Korean people. However, English education in North Korea is still limited in terms of resources including learning materials and native teachers of English. Also academic research and practices in English education are still heavily influenced by Kim Ilsung and Kim Jungil’s words so that scientific investigations are limited. It is an impending issue to narrow a gap in English education between South and North Koreas to overcome difficulties encountered in the future.

The purpose of this study was to identify the state of demersal fish resource catch by small trawlers, which live in the southern waters off Goheung. We investigated the results of catch of sample fishing vessels, and performed fishing experiments using the actual fishing operation vessels from early November in 2002 till end of October in 2003. The daily amount of catch per vessel of the 35 small trawlers selected as sample vessels was the highest in summer seasons(June and July) as 70kg and the lowest in winter seasons(January and February) as 45kg and Octopus minor occupied as 17 to 30kg nearly 30% of the total catch. Additionally the catch of Octopus minor per vessel, per dragging hour ranges 3 to 6kg, which is the highest in March and June and the low in January to February, April to May and September. In the fishing experiments using small trawler, during the study period, a total of 75 fish species were collected. The number of individuals by species consisted 58.2% in Shrimps, 17.8% in Fish, 2.3% in Cephalopod. Of these, Parapenaeopsis tenella was the highest in 29.2%, Squilla oratoria and Crangon hakodatel was 14.6% respectively and Octopus minor was 0.2% of the total number of individuals. As far as the appearance number of individuals by month was concerned, February was the highest and then May, April and June followed in order, and October showed the lowest. Additionally the monthly catch per dragging was the lowest in December to January as 20kg and the highest in July as 160kg. Specially, Octopus minor was caught throughout the year regardless of season and the catch was the highest at the period from March to June. When looking into the body mean length of dominant fishes caught, we could observe the followings; Trachurus japonicus 8.9cm, Cynoglossus robustus 10.8cm, Muraenesox cinereus 15.3cm, Setipinna taty 10.3cm, Amblchaeturichfhys hexanema 9.3 cm and Collichthys niveatus 8.9cm, most of which were in their immaturity when they were caught.

Abstract Direct solid state synthesis by hot pressing has been applied in order to produce high efficiency bulk specimens. Single phase with 98.5% of theoretical density was successfully produced by direct hot pressing of elemental powders containing 1.2 at.% excess Zn. Thermoelectric properties as a function of temperature were investigated from room temperature to 600 K and compared with results of other studies. Transport properties at room temperature were also evaluated. Thermoelectric properties of single phase materials produced by direct synthesis were measured and are comparable to the published data. Direct solid state synthesis by hot pressing provides a promising processing route in this material

해난사고에 의한 유류오염 피해가 발생할 경우 가장 큰 영향을 받는 분야는 해양 생태계 파괴에 따른 어업 피해라고 할 수 있는데, 지금까지 국내 유류오염사고에 대한 국제기금의 어업피해 보상율은 피해 청구액 대비 20%내외로 인접국이나 유럽 국가에 비해 현저히 낮은 보상 수준에 머물고 있다. 이처럼 국제 기금의 피해 보상율이 낮은 이유는 국내 어업 여건상 국제기금에서 요구하는 오염 피해 입증 자료를 확보하기가 쉽지 않기 때문으로 향후에도 국내 어업의 여건이 획기적으로 변화하지 않을 경우, 현행 제도로는 현실적인 피해 보상이 실현되기가 어렵다는 것이 지금까지 유류오염사고 피해보상 결과에서 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 IMO에서 채택한 대형 유류오염사고에 대한 피해보상방안으로, 보상기준은 기존의 협약을 그대로 적용시키되 유류오염 피해보상한도 금액만을 크게 확대시킨 C8%협약 가입에 따른 실익을 파악하고자 지금까지 국내 유류오염사고에 대한 국제기금의 피해보상 실태와 최근 대법원의 판결로 최종 완료된 제5금동호 오염사고에 대한 피해보상 판결내용을 분석하여 유류오염피해 보상체제 보완의 필요성을 고찰하였다.

This study identifies and compares science content standards that are approved by departments of education in six states: California, Connecticut, Michigan, New Jersey, Texas, and Virginia. Specifically, the study examines the goals/visions, the organizing/progression principles, the strands of science content, and earth science content found in the states curriculum standards compared to National Science Education Standards. Although many states followed the recommendations of NSES or Project 2061, the format and content of the state science standards reviewed are very diverse. The diversity seems to reflect the diverse perspectives and needs of the states. The results of this study provide Korean educators and teachers with useful models or examples to incorporate Korean national science curriculum guides into the science curriculum frameworks of their regions or schools.

This dissertation was embarked upon for the historical examination and the missiological academic analysis of ‘The state-political character of the mission of the Russian Orthodox Church, which has been mentioned widely without any academic examination. This kind of study is necessary to understand rightly the Eastern Orthodox world which was drawn to the Korean church immediately after the collapse of USSR, and to establish the proper relationships between the old USSR and the Eastern European people as well as how best to evangelize them. The researcher analyzes the Russian archives in relation to the missions of Russian Orthodox Church. He carefully examines and analyzes closely the historical materials from 1860 till 1917(Bolshevik Revolution) including the mission of the Russian Orthodox Church to the immigrant Koreans and those between 1897 and 1925 in relation to the mission to the Koreans in the Korean peninsula. In the result of this analysis, it could be said that the mission of Russian Orthodox Church was a reverse movement to the mission of Trinitarian God transcendent to man-made boundaries. It was mission as an instrument not for serving the interest of God toward the whole world, but for serving the interest of his or her own country alone. It was a distorted mission far from demonstrating the love of God because of absolutizing the nationalistic political ideology ‘russiani-zation’ As a result, it became heterogeneous apart from the right motif, goal and method of God’s mission. In the result of this study, it became possible to describe concretely the character and mode of the state-political mission of Russian orthodox church which has been vaguely mentioned and to have a theoretical prospect the general results which might happen in the process of the state-political missions. This study could probably be an available knowledge not only for those who are participating in missions to the people who has lived in the state-political mission world, but also for those who wish to evangelize it, cooperate with the Eastern Orthodox churches as well as offer invaluable suggestions to the mission scholars around the world.

The pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic design of building structures. In this paper the state-of-art on static nonlinear analysis of building structures is presented with the emphasis on the effects of analysis parameters; i. e., lateral load patterns, modeling of members, and analysis computer programs. The analysed results may have variation even if a same structure is analysed. This paper is to investigate how large the variation is and what the main causes of the variation are. The difference of analysed results, the resultant variation of lateral story shear force and flexural strength of structural members are discussed. The pushover analysis procedure are routinely used in the seismic design of building structures, but some problems must yet be clarified, such as the effects to evaluate the parameters of analysis on the basis of a lateral load patterns and modeling of members.

This study set out to investigate the current state of how physical education classes were run in the Seventh Curriculum by analyzing the content areas and to obtain some basic data for normalizing and improving physical education classes in elementary sc