Heavy metals in stream water and sediments around industrial complex were studied in order to assess the contamination and to identify the potential source of metals. High variability has been observed for both dissolved and particulate phases in stream water with coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 1.3 to 2.8. The highest metal concentrations in both phases were observed in Gunja for Ni and Cu, in Jungwang for Zn and Pb and in Shiheung for Cd, respectively. These results indicate that the different metal sources could be existing. The concentrations of the heavy metals in sediments decreased in the order of Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr>Ni>As>Cd>Hg, with mean of 2,549, 1,742, 808, 539, 163, 17.1, 5.8, 0.07 mg kg-1, respectively. Mean of metal concentrations (except for As) in sediments showed the highest values at Shiheung stream comparing with other streams. In sediments, the percent exceedance of class II grade that metal may potentially harmful impact on benthic organism for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb was about 57%, 62%, 84%, 60%, 68%, 81% for all stream sediments, respectively. Sediments were classified as heavily to extremely polluted for Cu and Cd, heavily polluted for Zn and Pb, based on the calculation of Igeo value. About 59% and 35% of sediments were in the categories of “poor” and “very poor” pollution status for heavy metals. Given the high metal concentrations, industrial wastes and effluents, having high concentrations of most metals originated from the manufacture and use of metal products in this region, might be discharged into the stream through sewer outlet. The streams receive significant amounts of industrial waste from the industrial facilities which is characterized by light industrial complexes of approximately 17,000 facilities. Thus, the transport of metal loads through streams is an important pathway for metal pollution in Shihwa Lake.

Due to lack of established operating conditions, the swine manure management process circulates bio-liquor between the slurry pit and the bioreactor process cannot be effectively used yet. Therefore, a lab scale study comprising a single bio-reactor and slurry pit was conducted to investigate the optimal operating conditions. The main experiment was performed after conducting a preliminary study on the operating conditions. In the preliminary study, the volume ratio of the bioreactor to the slurry pit was fixed at 1 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the bioreactor was set as 5, 10 and 15 d. In the main experiment, the HRT of the bioreactor was fixed at 5 d based on preliminary results and the ratio of bioreactor to slurry pit was set at 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 and 1:10. Since, a decrease in bioreactor performance occurred when NH4-N loading rate reached 60 g/m3/d, the loading rate of NH4-N was required to be maintained below 55 g/m3/d to achieve stable operation. Although manure excretion can definitely increase the loading rate into the bioreactor as well as NH4-N concentration in the slurry pit, the NH4-N in slurry pit can be kept consistent with the circulation rate above 9.5Q (ratio to manure excretion). The optimal volume ratio of the bioreactor to the slurry pit and HRT of the bioreactor to fulfill these operating conditions was 1:3 and 5d, respectively. Notably, studying of the individual farm situation is very important to establish an ideal method to apply the optimal operation conditions suggested in this study.

The stone pagoda continued to be damaged by weathering and corrosion over time, and natural disasters such as earthquake are accelerating the destruction of cultural properties. Stone pagoda has discontinuous structure behavior and is very vulnerable to the seismic load acting in lateral direction. It is necessary to analyze various design variables as the contact surface characteristics play an important role in the dynamic behavior of stone pagodas. For this purpose, contact surface characteristics of stone pagoda can be classified according to surface roughness and filler type, and representative model is selected and structural modeling and analysis are performed using the discrete element method. Also, the seismic load according to the repetition period is calculated and the dynamic analysis is performed considering the discontinuous characteristics of the stone pagoda. Finally, the seismic behavior characteristics can be analyzed by the evaluation of stresses, displacements and structural safety.

A seismic isolation system is one of the most effective control devices used for mitigating the structural responses due to earthquake loads. This system is generally used as a type of base isolation system for low- and mid-rise building structures. If the base isolation technique is applied to high-rise buildings, a lot of problems may be induced such as the movement of isolation bearings during severe wind loads, the stability problem of bearings under large compression forces. Therefore, a mid-story isolation system was proposed for seismic protection of high-rise buildings. Residence-commerce complex buildings in Korea have vertical irregularity because shear wall type and frame type structures are vertically connected. This problem can be also solved by the mid-story isolation system. An effective analytical method using super elements and substructures was proposed in this study. This method was used to investigate control performance of mid-story isolation system for residence-commerce complex buildings subjected to seismic loads. Based on numerical analyses, it was shown that the mid-story isolation system can effectively reduce seismic responses of residence-commerce complex tall buildings.

목적 : 본 연구는 대한작업치료학회지에 게재된 질적 연구 보고를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 방법 : 연구자들은 1993년 창간호부터 2018년까지 대한작업치료학회지에 수록된 논문 692편 중 질적 연구 16편을 확인하였다. 이 연구들을 Tong 등(2007)이 개발한 질적 연구 보고 통합 기준(COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research; COREQ)을 활용해 분석하였다. 결과 : 논문을 분석한 결과 첫 번째 ‘연구팀과 성찰’영역에는 연구 목적 및 참여자 권리와 연구자 의무에 대한 고지 항목은 잘 지켰으나 연구자의 경험과 훈련 보고 항목은 미흡했다. 두 번째 ‘연구 설계’ 영역에 서 연구 방법론은 현상학이 가장 많았으며 면접 지침은 대부분 논문에서 제시하였다. 하지만 면접 탈락 자 및 면접 환경 보고는 미흡했다. 그리고 세 번째 ‘분석과 결과’ 영역에서 참여자 인용문과 주제 제시의 항목은 대체로 잘 지켜졌으나 면접자 점검 항목은 잘 지켜지지 않았다. 결론 : 본 연구는 COREQ가 질적 연구 보고 분석에서 체계적인 보고 틀을 제공하여 연구 방법의 일관성 과 연구 방법의 투명성을 높일 수 있는 유용한 지침이 될 수 있음을 제시하였다. 따라서 COREQ의 활용 은 작업치료 질적 연구 보고의 질적 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

The small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) is one of the representative high-class fish species in Korea. The catch of small yellow croaker in adjacent water fisheries has been continuously decreasing from 59,226 tons in 2011 to 19,271 tons in 2016. The small yellow croaker is caught by gillnet, stow net and bottom trawl, among which about 55~65% is caught by gillnet. For the sustainable use of small yellow croaker, the fishing power of small yellow croaker drift gillnet is very important. Therefore, the change of fishing power index were analyzed to identify the development of the vessel and gear technology that may have improved the fishing efficiency of the small yellow croaker drift gillnet fishery from 1960s to 2010s. Gross tonnage and horse power per fishing vessel was increased annually. The mesh size was 75.0 mm in the 1960s, but reduced to 60.6 mm in the 1980s and to 51.0 mm in the 2000s. In the 1960s, it was hauled out by manpower. However, the net hauler were modernized and supply rate was also increased since 1970. Due to the mechanization of the net hauler, the number (length) of used net gradually increased from 1.5 km in the 1960s to 7.5 km in the mid-1980s and to 15 km in 2010. Colour fish finders and positioning system were introduced and utilized from the mid-1980s. Surveys on the supply and upgrading of fishing equipment utilized visiting research. Therefore, the relative fishing power index in the small yellow croaker drift gillnet fishery increased from 1.0 in 1980 to 0.8 in 1970, to 1.1 in 1990, to 1.6 in 2000 and to 1.9 in 2010. The results are expected to contribute to reasonable fisheries stock management of the small yellow croaker drift gillnet fishery.

The Korean Astronomical Society (KAS) Education & Public Outreach Committee has provided education services for children and school teachers in Cambodia over the past three years from 2016 to 2018. In the first year, 2016, one KAS member visited Pusat to teach astronomy to about 50 children, and in the following two years of 2017 and 2018, three and six KAS members, respectively, executed education workshops for ∼ 20 (per each year) local school teachers in Sisophon. It turned out that it is desirable to include both teaching of astronomical knowledge and making experiments and observations in the education in order for the program to be more effective. Language barrier was the main obstacle in conveying concepts and knowledge, and having a good interpreter was very important. It happens that some languages, such as the Khmer of Cambodia, do not have astronomical terminologies, so that lecturers and even the education participants together are needed to communicate and create appropriate words. Handout hardcopies of the education materials (presentation files, lecture/experiment summaries, terminologies, etc.) are extremely helpful for the participants. Actual performing of assembling and using astronomical telescopes for night sky observations has been lifetime experience for some of the participants, which might promote zeal for knowledge and education. It is hoped that these education services for developing countries like Cambodia can be regularly continued in the future, and further extended to other countries such as Laos and Myanmar.

Green BaSi2O2N2:0.02Eu2+ phosphor is synthesized through a two-step solid state reaction method. The first firing is for crystallization, and the second firing is for reduction of Eu3+ into Eu2+ and growth of crystal grains. By thermal analysis, the three-time endothermic reaction is confirmed: pyrolysis reaction of BaCO3 at 900 oC and phase transitions at 1,300 oC and 1,400 oC. By structural analysis, it is confirmed that single phase [BaSi2O2N2] is obtained with Cmcm space group of orthorhombic structure. After the first firing the morphology is rod-like type and, after the second firing, the morphology becomes round. Our phosphor shows a green emission with a peak position of 495 nm and a peak width of 32 nm due to the 4f65d1→4f7 transition of Eu2+ ion. An LED package (chip size 5.6 x 3.0 mm) is fabricated with a mixture of our green BaSi2O2N2, and yellow Y3Al5O12 and red Sr2Si5N8 phosphors. The color rendering index (90) is higher than that of the mixture without our green phosphor (82), which indicates that this is an excellent green candidate for white LEDs with a deluxe color rendering index.

목적 : 본 연구는 가정방문작업치료 중재 중 무작위대조군실험연구를 중심으로 가정방문작업치료의 대상자, 평가도구, 중재기간 및 효과성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 문헌선택과정은 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)방법을 통해 진행되었다. 데이터베이스는 Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, EMbase를 이용하였 다. 비뚤림 위험 평가도구로 문헌의 질을 평가하였다. 최종적으로 선별된 가정방문작업치료 무작위대조 군실험연구의 문헌 수는 총 8편이었다. 결과 : 가정방문작업치료 중재를 실시한 무작위대조군실험연구의 대상자는 뇌졸중, 치매, 노인이 각각 2편 이었으며, 척수손상과 외상성뇌손상 환자가 1편으로 조사되었다. 가정방문작업치료의 기간은 평균 10주, 횟수는 평균 7회로 조사되었다. 사용된 평가도구는 영역별로 운동기능 5편, 낙상 4편, 일상생활활동 2편, 보호자의 부담 2편, 우울증, 욕창, 삶의 질에 대한 평가가 각각 1편씩 조사되었다. 가정방문작업치료의 효과는 운동기능 향상, 일상생활활동 증진, 낙상예방, 우울증상 및 보호자 부담의 감소 등 다양하게 보고되었다. 결론 : 해외의 가정방문작업치료의 체계적인 중재와 연구방법이 이루어지고 있으며, 국내에서도 가정방문작업 치료의 질적 및 양적 향상을 위해 제도적 틀이 마련되어야 한다. 본 연구는 국내 가정방문작업치료의 중재전 략을 세우는 데 있어 기초자료로 활용될 뿐만 아니라 제도적 도입의 근거로 활용되기를 기대한다.

목적 : 지역사회 거주하는 뇌졸중 환자들을 대상으로 ICF core set-vocational rehabilitation을 사용하여 직업복귀를 제한하는 요인을 분석하고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 2017년 7월 1일부터 8월 31일까지 전국에 지역사회 거주하고 있고, 기관에 외래치료를 받으러 다니는 무직인 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 실시하였다. 설문지는 ICF core set-vocational rehabilitation 및 Kim(2007)의 설문지를 수정 보완하여 평가하였다. 총 200부 설문지 중 144부(72.00%)를 수거 하였다. 결과 : 뇌졸중 환자들의 직업복귀를 제한하는 요인을 분석하기 위해 활동과 참여 영역 요인들과 상관관계 를 보였던 요인들을 비교하였을 때, b1(정신 기능), b7(신경근육 골격 및 운동과 관련 기능), e3(지원과 관계) 요인에서 모두 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자들의 직업복귀를 통해 지역사회 참여를 이끌어 내기 위해서는 가족, 치료사 및 사회적 지지와 응원을 바탕으로 신체적, 정신적 기능향상을 시킬 수 있는 작업치료의 중재가 필요한 것을 확인 하였다.