In this study, climate analysis and wind sector division were conducted for a propriety assessment to determine the location of air quality monitoring sites in the Busan metropolitan area. The results based on the meteorological data(2000～2004) indicated hat air temperature is strongly correlated between 9 atmospheric monitoring sites, while wind speed and direction are not. This is because wind is strongly affected by the surrounding terrain and the obstacles such as building and tree. In the next stage, we performed cluster analysis to divide wind sector over the Busan metropolitan area. The cluster analysis showed that the Busan metropolitan area is divided into 6 wind sectors. However 1 downtown and 2 suburbs an area covering significantly broad region in Busan are not divided into independent sectors, because of the absence of atmospheric monitoring site. As such, the Busan metropolitan area is finally divided into 9 sectors.

In order to study the temporal variations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the Bottol Bada, three field observations were carried out on 20, 23 and 26 July, 2004. The low N:P values exhibit nitrogen deficiency during the periods of observation. This result is not representative of typical summer environment in the southern coast of Korea. The possible mechanisms are as follows: 1) The freshwater inflow was not sufficient for the supply of nitrogen because the total precipitation was 11.9 mm in July, 2004. This amount is no more than 5% in normal precipitation in July. 2) There was an inflow of oceanic water under the subsurface into the Bottol Bada. Even though the oceanic water comprises more nutrients, it produces the stratification between the surface and the subsurface water and seems to prevent the supply of nutrinets to the surface layer. 3) The high chlorophyll-a concentration of 1.2 μg/L was shown near the narrow channel between Gae-do and Geumo-do. This seems to be resulted from the inflow of water from Gamak Bay.

Based on the observation on 20, 23 and 26 July 2004, the distributions of temperature, salinity and stratification was investigated in relation to ebb, turn of tide and flood. The results are as follows: 1) The high temperature and low saline water with 23.5～24.0℃ and 32.4～33.0psu existed at Naro Island. 2) The cold surface water below 21.0℃ and 33.0～33.4psu appeared in the area near Gae Island and Geumo Island. 3) The cold and saline water, below 24.0℃ at the surface and 17.0℃ near the bottom, 32.8～33.8psu at the surface and 33.8～34.0psu near the bottom, existed in Sori Island. These waters were more saline compared to the South Sea Coastal Water with about 31.8psu. This suggests that the oceanic saline water intruded into the Bottol Bada through the area near Sori Island. The stratification appeared during all the observation periods due to a high solar radiation of 22MJ/m2, and a weak wind speed of 2.9m/s on the average while the mean speed of wind in July is around 3.9 m/s. It qualitatively suggested that the stratification was maintained during the observation periods because of a high solar radiation, a weak wind speed and intrusion of saline oceanic water.

인간 면역 세포 중 하나인 T세포에 대한 각 시료의 생육촉진 활성은 시료의 1.0 g/l에서 기준물질로 사용한 유향열매의 정유 성분이 T세포의 생육촉진 활성 측정에서 가장 좋은 활성을 나타내었으며, 노간주나무의 열매의 정유성분이 줄기 부분의 정유 성분보다 높은 생육 촉진 활성을 보였다. T 세포의 각 cell 당 TNF-α의 분비량을 살펴보면 모든 시료의 정유 성분들이 배양 2일째 최대분비량을 나타내었고, IL-6의 경우는 모든 시료들이 배양 시간 의존적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유방암 세포인 MCF-7에 대한 각 시료의 생육 억제 활성은 각 정유 성분에 대하여 농도 의존적인 경향을 나타내었으며, 가장 좋은 활성을 나타낸 시료는 노간주나무 열매의 정유 성분으로 약 84%의 높은 생육 억제 활성을 나타내었으며, 유향 열매와 노간주나무 줄기의 정유 성분들도 약 80%에 가까운 높은 생육 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 간암 세포인 Hep3B에 대한 각 정유 성분들의 암세포 생육 억제 활성도 유방암 세포와 같이 각 정유 성분에 대하여 농도 의존적인 경향을 나타내었으며, 유향 열매의 정유 성분이 약 83%의 높은 생육 억제 활성을 나타내어 가장 좋은 활성을 나타내었다. 항암 및 면역기능의 역할에 대한 분자수준에서의 검증을 위해 HL-60 세포의 분화도를 살펴본 결과, 배양 시간 의존적으로 분화도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 유향열매의 정유 성분이 Control 군에 비하여 1.38배의 증진활성을 나타내어 가장 높은 분화도를 나타내었으며, 노간주 열매의 정유 성분이 줄기의 정유 성분에 비하여 높은 분화도를 나타내었다.

The urban pollution if affected by local environmental, so it is necessary to consider area characteristics such as emission source and meteorological phenomena, in studying urban air pollution. Ulsan is laocated on south-east coast and has many industrial facilities, so many people have concerned about air pollution. This study contain conducting numerical simulation of air pollutant concentration considered land and sea breeze in Ulsan area with the numerical model.

Turbulence greatly influence on atmospheric flow field. In the atmosphere, turbulence is represented as turbulent diffusion coefficients. To estimate turbulent diffusion coefficients in previous studies, it has been used constants or 2-level method which divides surface layer and Ekman layer. In this study, it was introduced Smagorinsky method which estimates turbulent diffusion coefficient not to divide the layer but to continue in vertical direcrtion. We simulated 3-D flow model and TKE equation applied turbulent diffusion coefficients using two methods, respectively. Then we showed the values of TKE and the condition of each term to TKE. The results of Smagorinsky method were reasonable. But the results of 2-level method were not reasonable. Therefor, it had better use Smagorinsky method to estimate turbulent diffusion coefficients. We are expected that if it is developed better TKE equation and model with study of computational method in several turbulent diffusion coefficients for reasonably turbulent diffusion, we will able to predict precise wind field and movements of air pollutants.

We would like to investigate the strong wind phenomenon effecting to the onset of a sea breeze. It is general the fact that the onset time of a sea breeze is mainly affected according to the distance from the coastline but we find the reversal fact. The onset time at Suyoung is faster than that at Haeundae in spite of the observation site of Suyoung is 5 m and that of Haeundae is 1 km away from the coastline. This is the reason that the nighttime air is converged the lower area by surface cooling and then it is strongly drained onto the lowest area, Suyoung river until the sunrise. it is proved by observation data at Suyoung and Haeundae.

자연발효에 의해 다시마를 첨가하여 제조한 전통고추장에 대한 일반성분을 분석한 결과, 기존 고추장에 비해 대부분의 무기물 함량이 증가하였다. MNNG에 대한 항돌연변이 효과(200 /plate)에서 S. typhimurium TA100 균주에 대해 다시마 분말을 5% 첨가한 고추장이 다른 첨가 농도보다 높은 87.2%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 4NQO에서는 5%의 다시마 분말 첨가 고추장이 S. typhimurium TA98 균주와 TA100 균주

Biosorption of Pb was evaluated for plants, Persicaria chinensis, Oenanthe javanica and Salvinia natans. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in about lhr for Pb and the highest adsorption capacity was 150㎎ Pb/g biomass at S. natans. Pb adsorption process showed a pseudo second order irreversible reaction. The highest initial adsorption rate was 2000㎎ Pb/g biomass/hr at O. javanica. In spite of pH variation, Pb adsorption capacity by P. chinensis was maintained uniformly. When light metals concentrations were increased in the solution, Pb was selectively adsorbed. The selectivity of mixture solution showed the adsorption order of Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd. The Pb adsorption capacity of P. chinensis pretreated with NaOH was increased by 30% in comparison with that of no treatment.

The atmospheric conditions and the transport mechanism of long-range transport of air pollutants from coastal area to inland area were investigated using regular meteorological data and air pollution data obtatined from the southeastern area of Korea. Daytime temperature over the inland area(Taegu) was higher than that over the coastal area(Pusan) and the temperature difference of about 5∼6℃ when the thermal low was most fully developed and the sea level pressure over Taegu was lower than that over Pusan by about 4∼5 hPa at that time. Therefore this low pressure appeared to the thermally induced low. Air mass polluted from the coastal area during the morning period was transported inland area, at first by the sea breeze and by the large scale wind system toward the thermal low generated in the mountainous inland region. This was explained by the fact that the concentration of air pollutants over Taegu increased throughtout the late afternoon.

번데기동충하초(Cordyceps militaris(L. ex fr.) Link)의 수소전자공여능 및 항돌연변이원성을 살펴본 결과 부탄을 분획물과 에틸 아세테이트 분획물에서 수소전자공여능이 다른 시료에 비해 2배 이상 높게 나타났다. 항돌연변이원성 실험결과에서는 직접변이원인 MNNG, 4NQO 그리고 간접변이원인 B()P, Trp-P-1에 대해서 유의성 있는 돌연변이 억제효과를 보였다. MNNG(0.4 /plate)의 경우 S. typhimuriu

In order to determine the changes of sediment facies and metal levels in surface sediments after the construction of Shiwha Lake, surface sediments were sampled at 8 sites located on the main channel monthly from June, 1995 to August, 1996 and analysed for 12 metals (Al, Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Pb) by ICP/AES and ICP/MS. Two groups of sampling sites (the inner lake with 3 sites and the outer lake with 5 sites) are subdivided by the surface morphology; the inner lake is a shallow channel area with a gentle slope, while the outer lake is relatively deep and wide channel with a steep slope which has many small distributaries. After the construction of dam, fine terrestrial materials were deposited near the outer lake, which resulted in the change of major sediment facies from sandy silt to mud. With the deposition of fine sediments in the outer lake, anoxic water column induced the formation of sulfide compounds with Cu, Cd, Zn and part of Pb. Metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) contents in sediments increased up to twice within 2 years after the construction of dam. This is due to the direct input of industrial and municipal wastes into the lake and the accumulation of metals within the lake. In addition, frequent resuspension of contaminated sediments in a shallow part of the lake may make metal-enriched materials transport near the outer lake with fine terrestrial materials. As the enrichment of Cu, Zn, Cd and part of Pb in the Shiwha Lake may be related to the formation of unstable sulfide compounds by sulfate reduction in anoxic water or sediment column, the effect of mixing with open coastal seawater is discussed.

A sea/land breeze circulation system and a regional scale circulation system are formed at a region which has complex terrain around coastal area and affect to the dispersion and advection of air pollutants. Therefore, it is important that atmospheric circulation model should be well designed for the simulation of regional dispersion of air pollutants. For this, Local Circulation Model, LCM which has an ability of high resolution is used. To verify the propriety of a LCM, we compared the simulation result of LCM with an exact solution of a linear theory over a simple topography. Since they presented almost the same value and pattern of a vertical velocity at the level of 1 ㎞, we had a reliance of a LCM. For the prediction of dispersion and advection of air pollutants, the wind field should be calculated with high accuracy. A numerical simulation using LCM will provide more accurate results over a complex terrain around coastal area.

Effects of uniform flow on a two-dimensional mesoscale horizontal convection were investigated by using the vorticity and thermodynamic equations. For this purpose, We simulated properties of a thermal convection in a stably stratified Boussinesq fluid caused by partial heating at the center of a lower boundary. If we don`t consider effects of the uniform flow, the convection takes the form of axisymmetric with respect to the z-axis. But when uniform flow is strong, velocity field and temperature field consist of a single cell structure which spreads upstream side of the partial heating area. The flow pattern for strong uniform flows takes the form of positive temperature near the ground and negative temperature perturbation aloft over the partial heating area, and downward motion directly over the upwind portion of the partial heating area and upward motion on the downstream side. The downstream edge of the upstream cell is shifted in the downstream direction with the increase of uniform flow almost linearly.

This study is concerned with properties of a thermal convection in a stably stratified Boussinesq fluid caused by partial heating at the lower boundary. For this purpose, two-dimensional, nonrotating system was employed. If the heating is very strong, convection takes the form of a turbulent plume. Otherwise, remains laminar. If the partial heating at the bottom boundary is symmetric, the convection takes the form of axisymmetric with respect to the z-axis. but heating form is not so significant as to alter the main features of the horizontal convection. The convective motion consists of two-cell with the convergence in the lower layer at the center of the partial heating area. The temperature perturbation is characterized by the temperature `Cross-Over` over the partial heating area. These features are cleared according to the increase of temperature difference between the center and side part of the bottom boundary.

본 실험은 담배의 최대생장 후반기에 수분제한처리를 하여, 한발이 엽위에 따라 생장과 발달에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 엽영에 따른 엽내 수분상태가 기공컨덕턴스, 잎수분포텐셜과 토양수분관계에 영향을 미치는 생리적 반응을 구명하고져 실시하였다. 담배의 최대생장기 한발영향은 지상부의 제형질을 감소시켰고, 엽위에 따른 생장반응은 중ㆍ하위엽에서 작았고 상위엽에서 컸다. 처리 5일째에 잎의 상대수분함량은 토양수분함량이 4.3%로 감소될 때 상위엽 74%, 중위엽 64%, 하위엽 59%로 담배잎의 위주점은 상대수분함량이 약 75%이었다. 한발에 따른 잎수분포텐셜은 대조구의 -0.58 MPa에서 처리구의 처리5일째에 -1.20 MPa로 떨어졌고, 대조구와 비교하여 약 20%의 수분포텐셜차이가 위주점이 되었다. 기공컨덕턴스는 중ㆍ상위엽에서 12 mol /m2 sec1에서 0.8 mol /m2 sec1로 떨어져, 한발처리에 따른 담배의 최대생장후반기의 엽위에 따른 생장반응은 중ㆍ상위엽까지 영향을 미쳤다.