We compared the reproductive performance, non-productive performance, and milk composition performance of two groups of lactating cows that were either rice straw or tall fescue. We also compared and analyzed these parameters after the first parturition during the breeding period. The calving interval, artificial insemination, and duration from calving to conception were longer in the rice straw group than in the tall fescue group. The 305-day and peak milk yields were significantly higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.01). Milk fat content was significantly higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001), but milk protein content was the same between the feeding groups. The difference in raw milk sales income between rice straw and tall fescue groups tended to increase as the number of lactations increased, but there was no effect of reduced feed costs. Analysis of the milk production and raw milk sales income of the surveyed farms revealed that the average milk production per head was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group, and raw milk sales income showed a similar tendency. Overall, these results provide important details to be considered when selecting feed as a way to reduce milk production and heifer raising costs. However, there remains a need for future follow-up studies exploring the relationship between feed choice and the management of heifers.

The cultural heritage of fortresses is often exposed to external elements, leading to significant damage from stone weathering and natural disasters. However, due to the nature of cultural heritage, dismantling and restoration are often impractical. Therefore, the stability of fortress cultural heritage was evaluated through non-destructive testing. The durability of masonry cultural heritages is greatly influenced by the physical characteristics of the back-fille material. Dynamic characteristics were assessed, and endoscopy was used to inspect internal fillings. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was developed considering the surrounding ground through elastic wave exploration. The analysis showed that the loss of internal fillings in the target cultural heritage site could lead to further deformation in the future, emphasizing the need for careful observation.

본 연구는 다문화 아동의 갈등상황에서 디아코니아 선교는 갈등을 해소하고 학교 내 평화와 화해를 증진하는 데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 제시한다. 이 연구의 목적은 다문화 아동이 겪는 갈등 문제 해결을 위해 신학교, 선교단체, 민간 및 공공기관이 협력하는 사례를 모델로 제시함으로써, 다문화 아동들의 적응과 성장을 지원하고 사회적 통합을 촉진하는 디아코니아 실천을 통한 선교적 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 사례로 제시된 관계회복지원 프로그램은 학급 내에서 사회적 지지와 친구 관계의 회복을 촉진하는 효과적인 방법으로 작용했으며, 특히 학생들 사이의 관계 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났 다. 이러한 사례처럼 다문화 아동을 비롯한 다문화 선교는 지역의 이주민 분석을 통해 맞춤형 지원을 위해서 지역사회 내에 다양한 기관들 과 협력하고 연대하여 다양성 속에서 공존과 조화를 이루어 나가야 한다. 한국교회와 그리스도인들은 다문화 아동의 문제를 비롯한 국내이 주민 상황을 올바르게 이해하고 인식하여 다문화 선교를 통해 하나님의 나라를 실현할 수 있기를 기대한다.

본 연구는 동물매개 치유농장을 방문한 방문객의 특성을 분석하고, 이들 방문객을 대상으로 동물매개 치유농업의 활성화를 위한 속성별 중요도와 성취도를 조사하였다. 결과를 토대로 동물매개 치유농업 관련 전문가, 공무원, 연구원 등에게 정책수립과 연구 기초자료를 제공하고, 치유농장 품질인증제에 따른 수요자 맞춤 자료를 제공하고자 연구를 수행하였으며, 분석기법은 Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA)를 활용하였다. 분석결과 1사분면에서는 편의시설, 2사분면은 직원의 전문성, 3사분면은 동물 수의 적정성, 4사분면은 직원의 친절성이 도출되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 도출된 속성에 적합한 방안을 적용하고 원활한 동물매개 치유농업 정책이 이루어지길 기대한다.

해상특수교량은 특수한 환경적 조건뿐 아니라 고주탑의 구조형식, 보호재로 쌓여있는 케이블 등 특 수한 형식을 가지고 있어 일반적인 육안전검으로 안전점검을 할 수 없는 사각지대가 존재한다. 주탑의 외부 손상상태 및 케이블의 손상에 대해서는 정밀안전점검에서도 점검이 되지 않는 경우가 대부분이 므로 이에 대한 대책 마련이 시급하다. 또한 해상특수교량에 대한 전문적인 경험과 기술이 부족한 관 리자도 대상교량의 손상과 이상거동을 직관적으로 확인하고 판단할 수 있는 지원체계가 필요하다. 이 에 본 연구에서는 해상특수교량 고주탑에 대한 손상정보를 파악하기 위하여 드론의 자동비행 기술을 개발하고 이를 이용하여 주탑 외부 균열 손상에 대한 안전점검을 실시하고 이를 분석하였다.

최근 지방정부는 지역경제 활성화를 위한 관광객 유치를 위해 다양한 모양 구조를 가지는 출렁다리 를 경쟁적으로 건설하고 있다. 이러한 출렁다리의 안전관리는 자체 가이드라인이나 국토교통부에서 발 간한 매뉴얼을 통해 관리되고 있으나 실제로는 관광이나 공원 관리 부서에서 관리하고 있어 안전관리 에 소홀한 실정이다. 국토교통부에서는 제3종시설물에 대한 안전점검 매뉴얼 발간하고 안전등급 평가 기준을 강화하여 기존 3분위(양호, 보통, 불량) 평가기준을 5분위(우수, 양호, 보통, 미흡, 불량) 평가체 계로 개정하였으며, 기존 세부지침과 평가기준도 일원화 하였다. 그러나 출렁다리의 경우 제1종, 제2 종 시설물인 교량과 달리 점검 방식 및 체크리스트가 달라져야 하므로 출렁다리 정기안전점검을 위한 점검 수준에 맞게 개선되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 출렁다리에 안전전검에 체계 개선을 위한 출렁다리 정기안전점검 매뉴얼(안)을 제시하였다.

이 글은 볼테르의 󰡔캉디드󰡕에서 ‘낙관주의’라는 이름을 통해 냉소적으로 풍자된 라이프니츠의 철학을 재검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 볼테르의 낙관주의에 대한 문제의식은 특히, 우리가 살아가는 이 세계가 가능한 최선의 세계 또는 최선의 가능 세계라는 정식에 집중되어 있다. 그러나 라이프니츠의 󰡔변신론󰡕에서 나타나는 이 정식에 대한 오해는 볼테르가 신의 지적, 논리적 선택을 인간의 윤리에 영향을 주는 선악의 문제로 곧장 등치한 결과이다. 라이프니츠에게 있어서 세계는 단순히 우리를 둘러싼 외부 환경만을 의미하지 않고, 모든 인간 개체들 스스로도 각자 하나의 세계라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 신의 지적인 선택과 결정은 가능한 모든 상황, 관계를 아우르는 법칙에 관한 것이기에 신은 우리의 고통에 자의적으로 개입하지 않는다. 신이 직접 개입해서 자연 재해, 전쟁 등 세계에 존재하는 부조리를 해결해 주기를 바라는 것은 인간적인 기대일 뿐이다. 󰡔변신론󰡕에서 신에 의해 허용된 악의 본질은 결핍이며, 라이프니츠의 처방은 그러한 결핍으로부터 벗어나려는 노력으로 제시된다. 최선의 논리는 이 세계가 윤리적 악과 고통에도 불구하고 가장 좋은 것이라는 방관적인 윤리적 귀결과는 거리가 멀다.

In the event of an emergency such as facility shutdown during process operation, the by-product gas must be urgently discharged to the vent stack to prevent leakage, fire, and explosion. At this time, the explosion drop value of the released by-product gas is calculated using ISO 10156 formula, which is 27.7 vol%. Therefore, it does not correspond to flammable gas because it is less than 13% of the explosion drop value, which is the standard for flammable gas defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and since the explosion drop value is high, it can be seen that the risk of fire explosion is low even if it is discharged urgently with the vent stock. As a result of calculating the range of explosion hazard sites for hydrogen gas discharged to the Bent Stack according to KS C IEC 60079-10-1, 23 meters were calculated. Since hydrogen is lighter than air, electromechanical devices should not be installed within 23 meters of the upper portion of the Bent Stack, and if it is not possible, an explosion-proof electromechanical device suitable for type 1 of dangerous place should be installed. In addition, the height of the stack should be at least 5 meters so that the diffusion of by-product gas is facilitated in case of emergency discharge, and it should be installed so that there are no obstacles around it.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of damage to cultural assets resulting from vibrations generated by construction vehicle traffic. The cultural heritage's natural vibration frequency was determined to be 150Hz by measurement. The damping ratios were calculated as 4.7% using the logarithmic decrement approach and 4.3% using the half-power method. The vibration measurements obtained during vehicle operation indicated that, despite an increase in vehicle velocity of up to 15 km/h, the vibrations remained below the detectable level of 0.13 mm/sec. When the road is curved and the terrain is sloped, a suitable speed for vehicle operation was found to be around 17 km/h, at which point vibrations were seen. The highest recorded vibration amplitude at this velocity was 0.217 mm/sec, which remains below the stringent regulation limit of 2 mm/sec. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no actual harm caused by vibrations.

Given the recent increases in feed cost, the demand for rice straw has been increasing on dairy farms because it is cheaper than expensive imported forages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of rice straw feeding on the growth and productivity of dairy heifers. This study compared how feeding tall fescue and rice straw affects the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost of heifers. we compared the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost for each group during the breeding period. Body height was higher in the tall fescue-fed group than in the rice straw-fed group (p<0.05). The length of the growing stage was significantly shorter in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001) and the age at calving also showed a significant reduction in the tall fescue group compared to the rice straw group (p<0.001). However, the feed cost was lower in the rice straw group because of the difference in the unit price of forage (p<0.001). Based on these results, during the growing period, the rice straw group had delays in growth and the age at first calving compared to the tall fescue group, but also had reduced feed costs in the short term.

After the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) came into effect, international cooperation through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) was required, and each RFMO established and adopted the Conservation and Management Measure (CMM) for the regional Observer Programs to collect data on fishing activities and biological information and to monitor compliance with its CMMs. The observer coverage required by RFMO is set differently for each organization, ranging from 5% to 100%. In addition, tuna-RFMOs recommend increasing observer coverage in longline fisheries by at least 20% for reliable quantitative analysis of not only target species but also bycatch species and ecologically related species such as sharks, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals. Therefore, in this study, we discussed ways to improve the national observer programs of Korean distant water fisheries that should be addressed in the future to respond to the RFMO trends.

To understand the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of zooplankton and the environmental factors influencing zooplankton abundance in Gomso Bay, major harvesting area of Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum) in South Korea, zooplankton sampling was conducted four times in autumn (October 2022), winter (January 2023), early spring (March 2023), and spring (May 2023). Among the environmental factors of Gomso Bay, water temperature, chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH observed different patterns, while salinity and suspended particulate matter (SPM) showed no significant statistical differences between the survey periods. The zooplankton in Gomso Bay occurred 33, 29, 27, and 29 taxonomic groups during each respective survey period. In October 2022 and May 2023, arthropod plankton were dominated, while in January and March 2023, protozoa were primarily dominant. Among the Arthropods, copepods including Acartia hongi, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Corycaeus spp., and Oithona spp. commonly found along Korean coastal areas of the Yellow Sea, were dominated. Cluster analysis based on zooplankton abundance indicated a single community (stable condition) in each season, attributed to low dissimilarity distances, while three distinct clusters (autumn, winter-early spring, spring) between seasons indicated a highly seasonal environment in Gomso Bay.

Milky white spots appeared on red bean leaves in a red bean cultivation area located in Jangyeon-myeon, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk Province. After culturing the pathogen in PDA medium, their morphology was observed, and their genes were BLAST-searched in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The pathogen was identified as a fungus called Rhizopus arrhizus. As a result of reinoculating the isolated pathogen on red beans, the same symptoms as those in the isolated leaves occurred. Characteristic colonies of R. arrhizuson PDA medium initially showed a bright color and then changed to dark gray over time, with mostly spherical sporangia. The sporangiospores were spherical or elliptical, mostly irregular, and small in size. Therefore, based on these results, this disease has not yet been reported in red beans and was called red bean brown leaf blight caused by Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fisch (syn. R. oryzae).