Microalgae are efficient fatty acid producers owing to their high photosynthetic activities. They can act as sources of biofuel, feed, and various bioactive compounds. This study aimed to determine optimal culture conditions, including culture medium, temperature, and light intensity, to enhance the biomass and fatty acid content of the indigenous freshwater microalga, Tetradesmus obliquus. Evaluation using a high-throughput photobioreactor revealed that the optimal culture temperature and light intensity were 25°C and 300 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Additionally, we optimized components (N, P, and Mg) of the BG-11 medium to enhance the microalgal biomass. Modified BG-11 medium increased the T. obliquus biomass by 37% compared to the standard BG-11 medium. Subsequently, the culture medium was replaced with N- and P-depleted media to determine the abiotic stress factor that could increase the cellular fatty acid content. Notably, fatty acid content was significantly increased from 8.5% up to 14.6% on day 7 of culture in N-deficient (N-P+ and N-P-) media. Sequential optimization effectively increased the biomass by 83% and fatty acid content by >76% in T. obliquus. Our optimization method can be used to enhance the biomass and fatty acid contents of various other microalgae.

To utilize textured vegetable protein (TVP) instead of meat in kimchi stew, TVP of different sizes were added to kimchi stew under different cooking conditions. Canned Kimchi stew was prepared by adding processed TVP. Physicochemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of the broth, kimchi, and meat (or TVP) were measured. The pH and salinity did not show a significant difference between treatment groups in the broth or kimchi. However, the TVP treatment group showed higher pH and lower salinity than the control group. There was no significant difference in color between control group and TVP-treated groups. In terms of texture, the control group had the lowest hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, followed by TVP-1 and TVP-2 manufactured after pre-cooking, which showed lower hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The smaller the size of the TVP, the lower the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Results of shear force were consistent with those of hardness. Contents of flavonoid and polyphenol compounds as antioxidant components did not increase or decrease with the addition of TVP. There were no significant differences in antioxidant activities among experimental groups.

To determine the differences in food quality between fish fed a low fish meal diet containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) instead of fish meal and those fed a general fish meal diet, we analyzed the approximate components, mineral content, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, color, and texture of Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The analysis of approximate components showed no difference between the two samples, except for moisture content. Mineral contents were measured in the order of K, P, Na, and Mg in both samples, with no difference except for phosphorus (P). A total of 16 amino acids were detected in both samples, with no significant differences in their composition. Additionally, 17 types of free amino acids were identified, with no significant differences between the two samples. The fatty acid composition consisted of 13 fatty acids, with palmitic acid, DHA, and oleic acid being the most prominent, although slight differences in content were observed. The color and texture also showed no differences between the two samples. Overall, there were no significant differences in chemical components or physical characteristics, so it was judged to be insignificant in terms of food science.

본 연구에서는 중속 충돌하중을 받는 RC 벽체의 배면파쇄 영역을 모사할 수 있는 모델링 기법을 범용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA을 통해 제안하였다. 충돌해석에 주로 사용되는 요소 삭제 기능이 발사체의 하중 전달에 영향을 미치고 이로 인해 배면파 쇄 영역이 과소평가 된다고 판단하였다. 따라서 충돌 위치 주변에는 요소 삭제 기능을 사용하지 않는 모델링 기법을 제안하였다. 제안 된 기법을 적용한 해석이 실험 결과를 근접하게 모사함에 따라, 제안한 기법이 연속적인 충돌에너지의 전달에 효과적임을 확인하였 다. 추가적으로 다른 충돌 조건에 대해 해당 기법의 적용성 검토를 진행한 결과, 대칭 조건을 사용하지 않고, 철근의 결속을 함께 모사 할 경우 RC 벽체의 파괴 거동을 더욱 근접하게 모사할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

This study developed an unmanned autonomous moving algae collection device (HAMA-bot) to remove high-density algae concentrated in the waterfront of urban agricultural reservoirs, and analyzed the effect of algae removal after field application to medium-sized urban reservoir. The algae reduction effect (Chl-a) of the study site in the reservoir by the HAMA-bot operation showed an average 18.5% higher in the treatment area compared to the control area before operation, while the average reduction of 24% in the treatment area after operation. In addition, the Chl-a removal rate, which directly analyzed the influent and effluent of HAMA-bot, showed a very high level with an average of 96.9% (94.7~99.2%). Currently, it is optimized for urban reservoirs and manufactured on a small scale, but it is a useful tool that can be applied on a large scale to large dams and rivers, and it is considered that the field applicability would be improved with the optimized scale.

To utilize textured vegetable protein (TVP) in food manufacturing, TVP was soaked in salt solutions of different concentrations. Physicochemical quality characteristics of TVP were then measured. When TVP was soaked in a salt solution, the pH tended to increase compared to the control. However, the pH decreased after 18 hours of soaking. The salinity of the control decreased slightly from the initial value depending on the soaking time. The group treated with salt solution showed higher salinity than the control. Water absorption capacity of the control increased as the soaking time increased. However, water absorption capacity of the group treated with salt solution decreased as the concentration of salt solution increased. Lightness of the group treated with salt solution showed less change than the control during soaking. The redness increased as the concentration of salt solution increased. The yellowness increased compared to the control during soaking. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the control decreased during soaking in water. The group treated with salt solution showed significantly higher hardness, gumminess, and chewiness as the concentration of the salt solution increased. However, adhesiveness, elasticity, and cohesiveness generally did not show significant differences among samples.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of helper nurses deployed in COVID-19 dedicated wards, seeking a deeper understanding of the significance inherent in their experiences. Methods: Sixteen nurses with over one month of experience working as helper nurses in dedicated COVID-19 wards were selected as participants. Individual interviews were conducted between July and August 2023 using a semistructured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the methods described by Elo and Kyngäs (2007). Results: The analysis revealed two categories comprising six themes derived from helper nurses’ experiences. These categories include “Confronting Professional Challenges” and “Growing as a More Professional Nurse”. Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to explore helper nurses’ experiences of infectious disease disaster situations. Nurses experience role conflicts, knowledge gaps, and burnout. Therefore, developing protocols for tasks and education is essential in highly uncertain situations and when new responsibilities arise. Establishing systematic support systems for stress reduction and enhancing social support among nurses is crucial. Therefore, additional research is required to understand the growth and impact of helper nurses.

이 연구는 민주화운동에 대한 보훈의 구체화된 내용으로서 민주화운동 의 정신을 계승하고 선양하는 작업이 어떤 헌법적 의미와 성격, 헌법적 근거를 지니고 또 어떻게 수행되어야 하는지를 체계적으로 밝힌 것이다. 또한 민주화운동의 정신 계승과 선양의 과제를 주도하는 ‘민주화운동기념 사업’의 주요 활동과 성과를 살펴보고, 나아가 또 다른 주체로서 국가와 지방자치단체, 그리고 민주화운동 관련 사회단체의 활동까지 함께 아울러 살펴보았다. 우리 법제에서 민주화운동은 제대로 된 보훈의 대상으로 인 정받지 못하고 있다. 물론 일부 4·19나 5·18 등 몇몇의 민주화운동에 대 해서는 법적 수용이 이루어졌고 그 자체에 대해서는 별다른 이견이 없도 록 법률적 근거를 명시하고 있지만, 그 밖의 민주화운동에 대해서도 헌법 과 법률적 근거를 강화할 필요가 있다. 현재는 민주화운동기념사업회를 중심으로 한 공훈과 나라사랑정신의 선양 내지 공훈선양사업 등이 다양 하게 추진되고 있지만, 여전히 시민들이 민주화운동의 정신계승과 선양의 중요성을 인식하는 데에는 부족함이 있다. 관련 법령의 개정을 통해 민주 화운동의 정신계승과 선양 사업이 안정적으로 수행되도록 하고 국민의 참여와 민주주의의 실질적 발전을 도모할 필요가 있다.

민주화운동은 민주주의 헌법이 위기에 처했을 때, 그 헌법의 주인인 국민의 한 사람으로서 누군가 용기 있게 헌법을 수호하기 위해 적극적으 로 나서는 행동이다. 민주주의 헌법이 위기에 처하고 있음에도 불구하고 누구도 용기 있게 저항하지 않는다면 민주주의 헌법은 결국 죽음을 맞이 할 수밖에 없을 것이다. 민주화운동을 역사적, 헌법적으로 평가하고 그 의미와 뜻을 기리며 그 희생자와 공헌자에게 보훈으로써 후세에 모범이 되도록 하는 일은 민주주의 헌법이 스스로 유지ㆍ지속하기 위해 필요한 암묵적 조건이다. 민주화운동에 대한 ‘보훈’이란 민주화운동에서 희생하 거나 공헌한 사람의 숭고한 정신을 선양하고 그와 그 유족 또는 가족의 영예로운 삶과 복지향상을 도모하며 나아가 국민의 나라사랑 정신을 함 양함을 뜻한다. 이러한 보훈은 다시 희생ㆍ공헌자 또는 그 유족에 대한 ‘예우’와 ‘지원’으로 구분될 수 있다. 우리 헌법은 “3ㆍ1운동으로 건립된 대한민국임시정부의 법통”이라든지 “불의에 항거한 4ㆍ19민주이념”과 같 은 민주화운동의 숭고한 정신을 “계승”한다고 명시할 뿐만 아니라, “조 국의 민주개혁의 사명”, 헌법 제1조의 민주공화국과 국민주권 등을 근거 로 하여 민주화운동에 대한 보훈을 헌법적으로 요구하고 있다.

This study aimed to investigate the need for dietary education and programs for young Koreans belonging to singleperson households in the metropolitan area. A total of 500 young adults aged 19-34 participated in the study through an online survey. Participants responded to questions on general characteristics, dietary problems, and the need for dietary education and programs. The subjects were divided into three groups as follows: Undergraduate students, employed workers, and others. Among the subjects from single-person households, 20.2, 67, and 12.8% were undergraduate students, employed workers, and others, respectively. When asked for their estimation of an appropriate self-pay when participating in a cooking class, 39.8% of total subjects responded ‘5,000-10,000 won’. The most preferred program for young adults in single-person households was the ‘support food package’. For the preferred method of dietary education, undergraduate students showed a greater preference for classes ‘at campuses’. However, employed workers and others had a higher preference for ‘non-face-to-face online classes’. Undergraduate students tended to generally have a higher preference for dietary education and support programs compared to employed workers and others. This study provides data that will be useful for establishing healthy dietary policies and education programs for young single-person households in Korea.

This study aimed to examine the major domestic and foreign regulations related to the production of organic products. The production and consumption of organic products have been expanding due to the increase in consumer demand for safe food, as well as improved certification procedures and industry trends. In case of organic mushrooms, there were 405 certified farms nationwide in 2021, with a cultivation area of 3,886,628 m2 and a planned production of 6,011 tons. Jeollanamdo has 221 farms, a cultivation area of 2,923,402 m2, and a certification plan for 2,132 tons. Shiitake mushrooms are ranked first with 369 farms, a cultivation area of 3,805,636 m2, and a certification plan for 3,576 tons, representing 91% of the farms, 98% of the cultivation area, and 60% of the certification planning.

The waterpower generation of the dam generates electricity by revolving the turbine through a water pipe using the difference of high/low of water, the revolving turbine makes an occurrence a terribly loud noise. Accordingly, in the water turbine generator room located on such hydroelectric generator, since a mutual communication is not establish properly when working, they are suffering many difficulties, and it is real state that such noise damages even to those workers in the office of power plant. Since the most of dam water turbine generator room built in domestic country had used the finishing materials of a huge volume and a high reflexibility, it is carrying more amplifying function with the turbine noise arising when generates the electricity. Therefore, there is not only a difficulty for mutual communication among those workers in the workplace, but also it becomes an obstruction factor for working even to the workers in the adjacent office, and because they are suffering the mental and physical damages, it is actual state that a noise-reduction measure is urgently needed. As a result of the study, on the object with the dam hydraulic turbine dynamo room in which an acoustic defect is being occurring, this Study has conducted the Psycho-Acoustics Experiment about the Delivery of Voice Information using Auralization Technique that can experience the Virtual Acoustic Field. It is considering that such study result could be used usefully for improvement of the Voice Definition when construction the dam hydraulic turbine dynamo room, in the future.

A Catholic school is a school that spreads religious ideology to students by combining religious education with regular school curriculum. But, most Catholic schools do not have a separate liturgical space, mass is performed in multipurpose spaces such as auditoriums, and are exposed to severe acoustic defects due to the very aging facilities and lack of sound performance suitable for the liturgical space. So, in this study, an improvement plan was proposed using sound simulation after identifying acoustic defects through field measurements in the liturgical space of Haeseong High School in Jeonju. Also, hearing experiment using Acoustic Psychological Analysis was conducted to identify changes in subjective responses felt by students as they improved their acoustic performance. The results of study, before and after sound performance improvement sound pressure level(SPL500Hz) was 64.8dB at 66.7dB, the weighted sound level(SPLdB(A)) was 67.9dB(A) at 75.8dB(A), reverberation time(RT500Hz) was 2.04sec at 2.52sec, definition(D50,500Hz) was 40.2% at 33.5%, clarity(C80.500Hz) was –0.8dB at –1.18dB, and RASTI was 57.7% at 49.2% was evaluated. In addition, the amount of improvement in subjective responses before and after sound performance through psycho-acoustic experiment decreased by “Reverberation” -17.0%, “Loudness” -11.3% and increased by “Clear” 21.3%, “Vivid” 21.3%, “Intimacy” 12.4%, “Warmth” 14.3%, “Stability” 19.3%, “Godliness” 18.8%. Therefore, after improving sound performance, Haesung High School's liturgical space improved satisfaction with subjective sound performance felt by students and teachers to ensure sound performance suitable for the liturgical space.

In this study, controlling pattern gap was induced by deformation of the stretchable substrate. The pre-fabricated pattern was made by depositing an Au(gold) on the Si substrate, and PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane) was used for the stretchable substrate in consideration of surface energy, formability, and viscoelastic characteristics. For uniform deformation of PDMS, it is manufactured in the form of a tensile specimen using a molding method. An external force is applied to the deformable substrate in the uni-axial direction using a self-manufactured JIG, and the Au thin film pattern is transferred to the substrate under tensile state. After that, the external force is removed, and the PDMS specimen is recovered to its initial state. At this time, it can be seen that the pre-fabricated pattern gap is shortened from the initial size due to the viscoelastic properties of the PDMS. As a result, it was characterized to deformation rate of the pattern gap according to elongation rate of PDMS.

This study sought to investigate the association between the food literacy (FL) of children and mothers, and the maternal feeding style. Study subjects were mothers (n=400) with children in the 4th to 6th grades of elementary school and who were the primary caregivers for their children (n=400). The responses to the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) were obtained from mothers. Both mothers and children completed the questionnaire for socio-demographics, dietary habits, health status, and food literacy. The high demanding/high responsive feeding style was associated with increased meal frequency for both mothers and children. The low demanding/low responsive feeding style was significantly associated with a lower mother’s FL after accounting for confounding factors. The low demanding feeding styles were associated with the child’s lower FL after adjustments for the age, sex, weight status of the child and the age, household income, and education of the mother. However, this association was not seen after making an additional adjustment for the mother’s FL. These results suggest that the caregiver’s feeding style may affect the dietary habits and FL of both mother and child.

이 글은 부마항쟁을 10·26과의 긴밀한 관련 속에서 이해해야 한다는 입장에서 부마항쟁의 역사적, 헌법적 의미를 평가하고, 그에 합당한 부마 항쟁의 예우 방안을 고찰한 것이다. 1979년 부마항쟁의 역사를 회고해 볼 때, 그것은 유신체제 붕괴의 시작이었으며, 그 붕괴는 김재규의 10·26 거사로 완성되었던 것이다. 부마항쟁이 없었다면 10·26도 없었고 또 10·26이 없었다면 부마항쟁의 역사적 성과를 인정받기 어려웠을 것이란 점에서 부마항쟁과 10·26은 하나의 ‘국민적 저항’으로 묶는 것이 타당하다. 10·26을 포함한 부마항쟁은 총체적으로 ‘자유민주주의’의 회복을 위한 저항권의 행사로서 ‘민주혁명’이었으며, 현행 1987년 헌법 전문에 비추어 보더라도 “조국의 민주개혁의 사명”의 실천 행위로 이해할 수 있다. 따라서 헌법적 의미에서 부마항쟁은 유신독재체제를 뒤엎고 자유민주주의를 회복하는데 성공하였던 ‘민주혁명’ 즉, ‘부마민주혁명’으로 규정 될 수 있다. 그런 의미에서 지난 2020년에 부마항쟁을 ‘국가기념일’로 지정한 것은 환영할 일이지만, 단지 부산, 마산, 창원 지역의 항쟁을 기념하는데 한정하기보다는 국가적인 차원에서 ‘부마민주혁명 기념일’로 승화시켜 이해하는 것도 가능할 것이다. 우리가 역사적인 민주항쟁을 기념하고 예우하는 이유는 그것이 민주화 의 역사에서 중요한 역할을 하였다는 점뿐만 아니라, 앞으로도 민주주의를 계속 발전시켜 나가는데 사람들에게 중요한 역사적 귀감과 교훈으로 삼도록 하려는 데 있다. 따라서 민주항쟁의 예우는 단지 그 사건에서 발생한 피해를 ‘보상’하거나 희생자를 ‘위로’하는 목적에서 그치는 것이 아니라, 후대 사람들로 하여금 긴 역사의 안목에서 해당 사건을 ‘기억’하게 하고, ‘이해’하며, 마음 깊이 ‘공감’할 수 있도록 하려는 것이다. 이것은 부마항쟁에 대한 제대로 된 역사적 평가와 더불어 그 희생자에 대한 국가적 ‘보훈’의 문제라고 할 수 있다. 민주항쟁 유공자에 대한 ‘보훈’은 국 가가 수행해야 할 중요한 헌법적 과제라고 할 수 있다. 보훈에 관한 ‘헌법 원칙’으로 민주적 보훈의 원칙, 보훈의 법률주의, 비례적 보훈의 원칙, 실질적 보훈의 원칙이 있다. 입법자가 희생·공헌자의 ‘보상을 받을 권리’의 구체적인 내용을 정할 입법재량을 가지더라도, 입법자는 이러한 보훈의 헌법 원칙을 고려하여 부마항쟁에 대한 예우법을 만들어야 할 것이다. 그러나 종래의 부마항쟁보상 입법으로는 예우는 물론, 보상도 충분 하지 못하였다. 부마항쟁에 대한 제대로 된 예우와 보상을 위해서는 부마항쟁에 대한 온전한 인식과 평가 그리고 진상규명이 중요할 것이며, 이를 위해 부마항쟁을 10·26 사건과 결합하여 그 역사적·헌법적 의미를 재평가하는 것이 필요하다. 향후 부마항쟁으로 실제 예우를 받아야 할 사람들이 실질적인 예우를 받을 수 있도록(반대로 예우를 받을 수 없는 사람들은 예우의 대상에서 배제될 수 있도록) 부마항쟁의 더 철저한 진상규명이 필요하다.

본 연구는 인천광역시의 직업재활시설(보호작업장)을 중심으로 근로자의 소진을 유발 하는 외부요인을 살펴본다. 그리고 직업재활시설 종사자에 대한 법적 기준 준수와 개선 방법 등 지방자치단체가 지원할 수 있는 종사자 처우 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 직업재활 시설은 복지시설로서 중증장애인에 대한 복지시설로서의 업무성격과 생산 및 판매활동 등 수익사업으로 중증장애인들에게 급여를 지급하는 기업의 성격도 함께 지니고 있어 종사자들에게는 다른 유형의 복지시설보다 업무 부담이 크다. 시설의 생산성이 높을수록 다른 사회복지시설에 비해 업무량이 많아짐에도 불구하고, 종사자 수가 법적 배치기준보 다 적을 때는 소진이 빠르게 진행된다. 초과근무에도 보상이나 처우가 부족한 상황에서 는 종사자들에게 불만과 소진요인이 된다. 따라서 지방자치단체에서 직업재활시설 종사 자의 소진 및 이직을 방지하기 법적 배치기준에 따라 종사자를 지원하고 종사자 처우를 개선할 수 있는 방안들을 본 논문에서 제안하고자 한다