제주도 연안해역 4개 지역(한림, 애월, 신촌, 함덕) 해수의 온도, 염분농도, 용존산소량(DO), 화학적 산소요구량(COD), 부유물질(SS), 암모니아성 질소(NH3-N), 질산성 질소(NO3-N) 및 아질산성 질소(NO2-N)와 같이 다양한 이화학적 특성을 확인하였다. 해수의 평균 온도는 26.23~28.6℃, 염분농도는 31.4~32.88‰, pH는 8.15~8.35, COD는 0.48~0.91 mg

In this study fuji apples variation were measured during gradual decay, stored 5 weeks at 25℃. A aluminum and glass emission chamber were used for visual inspection throughout the experiment. The sampling was performed by using polyester aluminum bags and Tenax-TA tubes. In addition, GC/FID/O and TD-GC/MS were used for monitoring the compound of odor and its density variation during each storing period. By visual inspection, we found that the apples started decaying in 4th week and were rotten to core in 5th week. In contrast, individual odor analysis shows that the apples flavor reduced gradually and dramatically increased with the odor of old apples and apple cider in 3rd week, which was before visual identification of decay. This phenomenon was due to ongoing internal decay. ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl propanoate and 2-methylbutyl acetate were the major factor of this off-flavor in this period (3rd week). After visible observation of decay (4th week and 5th week), ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate and hexyl ethanoate were emitted, which smells bitter or sour. Above 6 odors are closely related with apples decay, and measurement of smell or density of these odors could easily check the apples status. We expect measuring composition variation can be applied for food storage and management cause of not only internal change checking but also monitoring pre-decay phenomenon.

In this study, Complex odor was measured by direct sensory method on site. Air samples of the fish factories were sampled with polyester aluminum bag and were analyzed by GC/FID/O and GC/MS. The feature of the complex odor was fishy, boild fish paste and dried slices of file fish. The odor active compounds of individual odor which chotribute these smell were mainly Hydrogen sulfide, Heptanal, 1-Hexanal, 2-Heptanal, TMA. Also contribution level of The designated malodor materials were higher than other industrial complex.

Five kinds of odorous aldehyde were investigated at industrial complex in Busan. Samples were collected by DNPH cartridge at 24 work places, 81 samples in 44 sites, and analysed by HPLC/UV system. Acetaldehyde was detected in 78 samples with range of 1.2~299.7 ppbv. Propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and i-valeraldehyde were detected in 7 samples, 11 samples, 2 samples and 9 samples, respectively. Measured concentration of propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and iso-valeraldehyde were ranged 14.8~74.1 ppbv, 1.6~132.0 ppbv, 11.7~13.3 ppbv and 113.9~8858.9 ppbv, respectively. Among total analysed samples, 15 samples were over than degree 3 of calculated odor intensity. All of i- Valeraldehyde detected samples were showed over than degree 3. The work places subsisted aldehydes with high concentrations were related with leather-factory wastes disposal plant, leather, feedstuff, producing synthetic seasoning and textile mill.

This study attempts to identify whether Phenethylamine (PTA), having a similar smell to fish malodor, is appropriate as a replacement of Trimethylamine (TMA). In a continuous measurement test, the odor intensity of both reagents TMA and PTA measured within 5 minutes showed between 0.4~0.7, indicating a dramatic reduction in olfactory sense, while the measurement test conducted after olfactory recovery did not represent much decrease. The result shows that both TMA and PTA have odors that stay long, but are judged to be inappropriate as a replacement as they stimulate the olfactory sense of the panel and give direct impact on the panel"s next judgement.

The malodor as the sense pollutions is rising to surface with a new environmental matter. Especially, malodor"s appeal is increasing steadily from a residential area of the industrial complex. The odor characteristic and odor active compounds of industries should be identified to solve this problem. The dye company was selected as a sample among the industries. Air samples of the dye company were sampled with polyester aluminum bag and it was analyzed by GC/FID/O and GC/MS. The feature of the complex odor was ironing, sour and burnt smell. The odor active compounds of individual odor which contribute these smell were mainly 2-ethyl-hexanal, octanal, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and nonanal. This study will help odor problem of industries to solve effectively.

A variety of statistical methods are applied to model and optimize responses, related to product or system's quality, in terms of control and noise factors at design and manufacturing stages. Most of them assume continuous response variables but, assessin

게임산업은 정보 산업 중에 다른 사업과의 연계를 통해 큰 부가가치를 창출하고 침체된 IT 산업을 활성화시킬 수 있는 분야로 빠르게 성장하고 있으며, 게임소비자가 폭발적으로 증가하고 소비층이 폭넓어짐에 따라 엔터테인먼트의 핵심적인 분야로 떠오르고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 가치사슬 구조와의 비교를 통하여, 현재 게임산업의 가치사슬 구조를 제대로 분석하기 위해 게임비즈니스모델을 제시하고, 다변화하는 게임 가치사슬 구조를 재정립하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 게임산업과 의료산업의 융합 서비스 모델인 암치료 게임 ‘리미션’을 분석하여 가치사슬 융합을 통한 새로운 게임 산업 발전 모델을 도출하였으며, 향후 발전방향 및 전략적 대안을 제시하고자 한다.

In this study, the most effective salting-out effect has been examined in terms of application of various inorganic salts (NaCl, Na₂S0₄, NaHSO₃) using Alkali impregnated filter-Headspace-GC/FID. Five various VFAs (propionic acid (99.5%), r-butyric acid (99%), butyric acid (99%), i-valerie acid (99%), valerie acid (99%)) have been used. VFAs have been analyzed by adding 30%, 70%, 100%, 150%, 200% of different inorganic salts with HS-GC/FID. The efficiency of salting-out effect was obtained from the values of peak area in chromatogram. The most effective salting-out effect for applired inorganic salts was observed at 100% saturation. It was confirmed NaHSO₃ for salting-out effect was the best among inorganic salts. In addition, NaHSO₃ showed more efficiency of salting-out effect than NaCl as molecular weight of VFAs increases.

In this study, simple preprocessing method for the analysis of headspace phase has been examined. The odor causing components were verified from the analysis of amine species emitted from squid waste. The concentrations of odor causing chemical components were confirmed in terms of four different sample treatments (treatment at 60℃, sonification, pressure treatment, addition of microorganism). HS-autosampler/GC/FID has been used for the analysis of chemical components and standard material addition method was utilized for quantification. The analysis results indicated that the major odor causing amine compounds emitted from squid waste were DMA and TMA. In addition, it was confirmed TMA showing higher malodor concentration predicted was relative malodor causing chemical component. Sonification and pressure treatment reduced the production of DMA and TMA by lowering the activity of microorganisms, while the addition of microbial accelerated the metabolism of microorganisms leading to the increased production of DMA and TMA.

본 연구는 현재 성장 가능성이 높은 모바일 콘텐츠 산업 중 모바일게임에 대해 고찰해 보고, 모바일게임의 충성도에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소로 몰입에 대해 연구하였다. 게임에 있어서의 몰입은 게임을 지속적으로 플레이하게 만드는 중요한 요소이다. 게임 몰입에 영향을 미치는 요소를 기존 몰입의 선행연구를 통해 도출된 숙련도, 도전감, 보상, 동기 외에 모바일의 특성상 몰입에 영향을 미칠 것이라 고려되는 모바일 기기와 콘텐츠의 요소인 모바일기기 화면과 게임속도, 사운드, 그래픽을 포괄적으로 고려하여 실증적으로 검증하였다. 그 결과 몰입의 개인적요소라 고려한 숙련도, 도전감, 동기는 모두 채택되었고, 기기요소인 화면과 속도는 기각되었다. 콘텐츠 특성 중에는 그래픽과 보상만이 채택되었다. 이를 통하여 모바일게임 디자인에 있어서 고려해야할 특성에 대해 고찰해 보고, 향후 모바일게임의 발전방향에 대해 통찰력 있는 시각을 제시하고자 한다.

In this study, odor active compounds, emitted from food waste composting facility, were analyzed and their contribution degree were evaluated. Sample gases were collected at the inlet and outlet of scrubbing tower and bio-filter, respectively. The odor active compounds were separated by GC/FID/Olfactometry (GC/FID/O) and identified by GC/MS. Odor intensity and SNIF (Surface of Nasal Impact frequency) were used to evaluate contribution of each odor active compound. It was possible to calculate contribution rate (%) and reduction rate (%) of odor active compounds using analysis and evaluation of contribution degree of odor active compounds. As a result, the compounds showing the high contribution degree were fatty acids, ketones at inlet and aldehydes, ketones at outlet. Deodoring equipment of food waste composting facility appeared effective for the reduction of aldehydes, ketones but appeared week for the reduction of aldehydes. Although scrubbing tower and bio-filter could reduce 7 times of odor level, the outlet gases had odor dillution ratio of 3000, which exceed the allowable levels of Korean guideline by 6 times.

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are malodor compounds which are produced from the decomposition of animal or plant species. It is very difficult to detect VFAs due to their strong adsorptive properties. In this study we develop an analytical method using headspace-GC/FID with an alkali-impregnated filter sampling. The addition of NaCl and H₂S0₄ makes the salt-out and pH-lowering effect, respectively. The high boiling points (141~185℃) and vapor pressures require a high temperature and long heating time for the standard sample in vials to reach an equilibrium. The analytical response was highest when the absolute quantity in the sample was 5 mL in a 22 mL vial. The addition of NaCl for the salt-out effect can give a higher sensitiviry by a factor of 1.1~4.2 than that of Na₂SO₄. The mass amount of 4.6 g of NaCl can result in a higher sensitivity, which is higher than the supersaturated solubility of 4.2 g. The concentration of H₂SO₄ is as low as 2% (v/v). When the concentration range is 8.3 -562.1 ppb, a coefficient of R²~0.99 can be obtained for the five VFAs samples. The analytical errors in a reproducibility test are less than 10% and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.05~0.1 ppb. Our headspace-GC/FID analytical method can be utilized to effectively detect the five kinds of VFAs which shall be restricted in Republic of Korea from the year of 2010.

제주도내 주요 해안지역인 화북, 삼양, 대포, 중문, 표선, 안덕, 애월, 곽지에서 생산되는 해수, 갯벌, 해산물 등에서 2002년 1월부터 12월까지 V. parahaemolyticus 분포상황을 조사하였다 가검물은 총 2,880건으로 각각 해수 960건, 갯벌 960건, 해산물 960건이었으며, 분리된 V. parahaemolyticus에 대하여 생화학적, 혈청학적 실험을 실시하였다. 총가검물 2,880건에 대한 분리 동정에서 417건(14.5%)이

An analytical method for trimethylamine in ambient air was developed, using headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Trimethylamine was collected on the acid filter which was impregnated sulfuric aicd in the 47 ㎜ diameter of glass fiber filter. Trimethylamine collected on the acid filter was regenerated in the headspace vial and introduced into the GC analytical column directly. Several parameters such as sample volume, equilibrium temperature and time, and slurry method of filter were optimized to provide maximum detection response. Resolution power also compared according to liquid phase of analytical column. The detection limit of method was 0.13 ppb with 50 L sampling volume. The developed acid filter method is easy to deal with the field sampling and the method was adopted as the standard method for odor analysis in Korea.

In this study, the TVOCs and odor active compounds emitted from 3 PVC and 5 natural wallpapers were analyzed. The emitted odor intensities and characteristics of the wallpapers were estimated using air dilution sensory and direct olfactory methods. The emissions of TVOCs were measured using the SPME-cryogenic emission test method, which was modified from the RAL-GZ 479 method, which is used in Germany to evaluate the quality of wallpapers. It was found that there was no significant correlation between the emissions of TVOCs and the odor concentration. However, a correlation (0.57) was found between the emitted VOCs and the odor concentration of the low molecular weight compounds, which have strong volatilities, ranging from n-C6 to n-C10. For all 8 wallpapers, vinegar like odor was commonly perceived, with acetic acid identified as the main odor active compound withinthe odor. Benzaldehyde and esters, such as ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate, were identified as odor active compounds, which were expressed as having rubber like smells by the panelists. These results indicate that odor should be included as a domestic regulation for the pollutants emitted from building materials. The identification of odor active compounds emitted from building materials could be useful in the production of eco-environment products.