The aim of our study was to provide a basic data for the development of a small greenhouse model suitable for urban farmers. The study analyzed installation inclination, positive and negative reasons for installation, location of installation, preferred crops in small greenhouses, plans for use of products, and expected effects by using small greenhouse. Positive opinion on small greenhouse installation was 80.4% of the survey respondents. The most positive reason for the installation of small greenhouses was fresh and safe food supply, and the negative reason was maintenance difficulties. The results obtained in our survey indicated that small greenhouses were more likely to be installed near the house, and urban farmers tended to grow organic leafy vegetables in soil. The expected benefits of small greenhouse operation were largely divided into ‘benefit for the improvement of the quality of life’ and ‘benefit for economic profits’, and expectation for the improvement of the quality of life was higher than economic benefit. As a result of the Likert 5-point scale analysis, ‘benefit for the improvement of the quality of life’ by using a small greenhouse was graded as high as 4.17∼4.60. On the other hand, the ‘benefit to economic profits’ was rated as low as 3.51∼4.14.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of multi-enzyme on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. A total 36 weaned pigs (5.92 ± 0.48 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (3 pigs/pen, 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were a typical diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.1% multi-enzyme (Multi; mixture of β- mannanase, xylanase, α-amylase, protease, β-glucanase, and pectinase). Pigs were fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Measurements were growth performance, morphology of ileum, apparent ileal digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and energy of weaned pigs. There were no significant differences on growth performance during overall experimental period. No differences were found for the morphology of ileum and nutrient digestibility between CON and Multi groups. Therefore, the results in the current study indicated that multi-enzyme supplementation in diets had no effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs.

미생물연료전지(MFC)는 폐기물 속에 포함된 유기물을 전기로 전환하는 시스템으로 스케일업(scale-up)과 전압 및 전류 향상을 위해서는 미생물연료전지의 스택(stack)이 필요하다. 미생물연료전지의 전압을 향상시키기 위해서는 직렬연결, 전류를 증가시키기 위해서는 병렬연결이 필요하며 각 연결방법에 따른 유기물 제거와 전력생산의 관계는 폐기물 처리와 에너지 전환 효율적인 측면에서 중요한 인자이며 이에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 2개의 미생물연료전지(MFC 1, 2) 셀을 미연결, 직렬 연결, 병렬 연결하였을 때 유기물 변화와 전류 발생량을 모니터링한 후 이에 따른 쿨롱효율을 분석하여 각 연결에 따른 유기물 변화와 에너지 전환 효율에 따른 효과적인 스택 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 미연결된 미생물연료전지(MFC unit 1, 2), 직렬 연결된 미생물 연료전지(MFC 1-2), 병렬연결된 미생물연료전지(MFC 1//2)의 하루 동안 변화된 화학적 산소 요구량(COD)는 각각 163mg, 213mg, 194mg으로 직렬 연결된 미생물연료전지에서 가장 높은 유기물 제거율을 보였다. 이 때 발생된 평균 전류는 각각 2.13mA, 2.83mA, 4.14mA로 병렬 연결된 미생물연료전지에서 가장 높은 전류 값을 보였으나 유기물 제거량과 전류 발생량으로부터 계산된 쿨롱효율은 각각 19.8%, 10.5%, 15.2%로 미연결된 미생물연료전지에서 가장 높은 쿨롱효율 값을 나타났다. 비록 각기 다른 유기물 변화, 전류 생산, 쿨롱효율 값을 보였지만 각 연결에 따른 미생물연료전지의 성능을 측정하였을 때 비슷한 전력 값이 생산된 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 이는 각 연결 방법에 따른 에너지 손실이 다르다는 것으로 추측할 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 미생물연료전지 스택시 병렬연결 방법이 폐기물 내에 유기물 처리와 에너지 전환 효율 적인 측면에서는 가장 효과적인 방법이라고 판단된다.

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders and has been associated with the neuroendocrine system and alterations in behavior. Schisandra chinensis Baillon is one of major medicinal plants used as a Korea medicine and food sources, and has been processed in the fields of various food products and medicinal herbs. The chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol is widely used to evoke depressive-like behaviors in laboratory mice or rat. The CMS procedure induced some behavioral changes that are compatible with the common expectations, i.e. 'anhedonic' behavior and can affect corticosterone level. The present study, Schisandra chinensis extract administration by daily gavage from the 3 weeks exhibited an antidepressant-like effect on CMS-induced depression in mice. Schisandra chinensis extract administration at dose of 200mg/kg significantly increased the sucrose consumption, and decreased the immobility durations in forced swim test and tail suspension test. Furthermore the corticosterone level decreased than control group. In conclusion, Schisandra chinensis extract showed antidepressant-like effects on sucrose preference test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test based on CMS model.

본 연구에서는 초등학생의 외국인 혐오증에 가정요인이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 지역에 거주하는 초등학교 6학년 학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 총 1,878명의 응답을 분석에 포함시켰으며, 외국인 혐오증 척도를 개발하고 다중회귀분석을 적용하여 초등학생의 가정요인이 외국인 혐오증과 어떠한 관계를 맺고 있는지를 분석하였다. 초등학생의 외국인 혐오도에는 부모 학력, 부 종교, 부모 정치성향, 부모와의 친밀도, 가족구조, 거주지, 성별이 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 외국인 혐오도는 부모와의 관계가 친밀할수록, 편부·편모·기타 가정의 학생이 양부모 가정 학생에 비해, 농어촌에 거주하는 학생이 도시에 거주하는 학생에 비해, 여학생이 남학생에 비해 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 부모의 학력과 부모의 정치성향은 아버지 요인과 어머니 요인에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 반면, 부직업, 모종교는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 외국인 혐오도를 약화시키는 데 부모와의 관계가 중요하다는 것을 밝혀주고 있으며, 아울러 외국인 혐오증 개념이 우리나라에서 주된 연구 주제가 되고 있는 다문화 수용성과는 차별화된 학술적, 정책적 가치를 지니고 있음을 부각시켰다는 점에서도 그 의의를 찾아볼 수 있다.

The Codonopsis pilosula is traditional oriental herb associated with immune-modulatory functions and has anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidative activity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Codonopsis pilosula extract powder (CEP) on the immunity and productivity in sows and piglets. A total of 20 pregnant sows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments, which was given a corn-soybean meal diet with 0% and 0.5% CEP from 40 days prepartum to weaning (25 days postpartum). The immune system of piglets was expected to build up, because the feeding of CEP might increase the colostrum contents in sows. We also predicted that the growth performance of piglets also could be increased by some compensation effects due to the increased immunity of piglets. In results, immunities of sows and piglets as well as growth performance of piglets were not affected by the supplementation of CEP. The correlation between the colostrum and the serum on the IgG contents tended to have a positive correlation, although there was no significant (coefficient, 0.435; P=0.102). This result suggests that the supplementation of CEP may increase IgG contents in sows and piglets and contribute to improve immunity of piglets. In conclusion, it is thought that the physiologically active substances of CEP did not influence to the immune synergic effects in vivo of sows. Thus, the metabolic and action mechanism of the physiologically active substances of CEP should be explored to evaluate the availability of CEP as a feed additive for the immunomodulator.

This experiment was held to identify the germination feature of Papaver radicatum var. pseudoradicatum which has high economical value. Seeds were collected in the Mt. Changbai in China. To eliminate dormancy of the seeds, chilling treatment were carried out in the 5 ℃ refrigerator. 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days of chilling treatments were taken. After being Treated, seeds were under 15, 20, 25 ℃ of temperature and light, dark conditions respectively to see the differences in germination. Within many features, germination ratio of seeds and germination period were investigated. Also, features related to early growth were checked through the closer look into acrospire, growth of cotyledon of young plant. Over 30 days of chilling treatment was all effective. Especially, 120 days of chilling treatment was most effective. The seeds germinated well in the light conditions. 120 days of chilling treatment, 15 ℃, light conditions were found to be most effective conditions as 54.5% of the seeds germinated. The germination period was 4.29 days. 30 days after germinating, length of the aerial part had been 1.90 cm. But after 45 days, the length grew rapidly to 4.58 cm. Fresh weight of scales plant was also increased dramatically after 45 days. Therefore, transporting the plant 45 days after seeding judged to be good.

The application of PCR analysis on the herbal medicine Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) was evaluated by the comparison of the genetic relationship based on the DNA sequence with Paeoniae Radix (Paeonia lactiflora Pallas) following development of specific primers. Moutan Cortex and Paeoniae Radix were distinguished through the PCR analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-PCR) from nuclear ribosomal DNA region. The 294 bp PCR products both of Moutan Cortex and Paeoniae Radix was amplified by MIF1 and MIR1. And a Moutan Cortex specific 225 bp PCR amplification product was amplified by MIF2 and MIR1 primers. The 225 bp sequence could be successfully amplified from Mortan Cortex of dried herbal preparations. PCR analysis based on ITS (ITS-PCR) may be an efficient tool for the discrimination of Moutan Cortex.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens에 의해 일미벼 품종에 도입하여 많은 형질전환벼를 생산했다. 배발생 캘러스는 hygromycin 저항성 선발마커를 포함한 pCAMBIA1300 벡터를 이용하여 Agrobacterium strain AGL1으로 공동배양하였다. 공동배양 후 50mg/L hygromycin에 저항성을 보이는 형질전환체가 선발되었다. T0 세대 형질전환벼로부터 genomic DNA를 추출하여 PCR과 Southern blot을 통한 외래 유전자의 안정한 삽입을 검정하였다. 형질전환된 벼라인에서 650bp의 HPT 유전자 단편이 나타났다. 그리고 argE의 특이적 priomer를 이용하여 검정한 결과 230bp 단편이 검출되었다. SEM을 이용하여 형태학적 분석을 한 결과 기공 분포와 배열상의 특징에 있어서 형질전환체는 대조구와 비교하여 기공형태가 불규칙적인 차이를 보여 주었다.

형태학적으로 구분이 어려운 황정과 위유의 범위를 구분하기 위해 황정에 속하는 층층갈고리둥굴레, 다화황정, 진황정 등 3종과 위유에 속하는 8종의 둥굴레 동속 식물 등 11종 23 개체 시료로 RAMP분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 황정그룹과 위유그룹은 NTSYS를 통한 유연관계 분석에서 55%의 유연관계를 나타냈으며, 층층갈고리둥굴레와 층층둥굴레는 81.75%로 분석에 사용된 둥글레 동속 식물 중 가장 높은 유연관계를 나타냈다. 2. 둥굴레 동속식물에 해당하는 층층둥글레는 황정의 약재인 층층갈고리둥굴레와 외부형태학적으로, 그리고 다형성패턴결과가 매우 유사하므로 황정의 약재에 속하는 것으로 사료된다. 3. 진황정은 위유와 외부형태적으로 유사하며, 유연관계분석에서도 위유의 그룹에 속하므로 위유의 약재에 대한 구분을 새롭게 할 필요성이 있다.

본 연구에서는 경안천 유역에 대해 초단시간 강수예보모델인 VSRF(Very Short Range Forecast of precipitation) 모델에서 생산되는 예측강우량의 검증을 실시하고, 이를 NWSPC(National Weather Service PC) 강우-유출 모형에 적용하였다. 강수는 기상학적 검증과 수문학적 검증으로 구분하여 검증하였다. 기상학적 검증은 유역 내에 존재하는 AWS 강수량과 VSRF모델 강수량의 정성적 관계를 객관적으로 제시